Group2 Literature

LITERATURE

• Literature (from Latin litterae : letter)• The word literature literally means “things

made from letters." Literature is commonly classified as having two major forms—fiction & non-fiction, and two major techniques/divisions-prose and poetry.

LITERATURE

• Fiction  literature describing imaginary events and people.

•  short story, novel, novella, screenplay, or drama- are common example of fiction writing.

LITERATURE

• Non-fiction is the form of any narrative, account, or other communicative work whose assertions and descriptions are understood to be factual.

LITERATURE

• Essay, journals, memoir, diaries, documentaries, histories, scientific papers, photographs, biographies, textbooks, travel books, blueprints, technical documentation, user manuals, diagrams and some journalism -are all common examples of non-fiction works.

LITERATURE

• Prose is the form of written language that is not organised according to formal patterns of verse.

Examples:

Short story, novels, fables, myths ,editorial and autobiography.

LITERATURE

• Poetry is language spoken or written according to some pattern of recurrence that emphasises relationships between words on the basis of sound as well as meaning. This pattern is almost always a rhythm or metre (regular pattern of sound units).

• lyric, ballad, narratives, elegy ,ode, sonnet and haiku- are common examples.

LITERATURE

Why do we need to study literature?

• As an answer to a number of physiological needs, our impulse to read literature in certain moods at certain occasion is universal.

• The exciting narratives, romantic adventures, classical anthologies, allows us to escape from the problems of our daily lives.

• We commune with people irrespective age, sex and status. We become participants and witnesses to varied human experiences which cause us to change our behaviour, attitudes, and even aspirations.

LITERATURE

• We may tend to fantasize, sometimes, dream and hope but matters really is that we develop deeper sense of sensitivity to human emotions, the freedom to become ourselves and become better persons, eventually, a clearer understanding of ourselves and others.

LITERATURE

LANGUAGE OF LITERATURE

• Literature, the art that records the tradition and heritage of man’s imagination employs for it’s medium language. For some 2000 years, writers have explored this realm and undeniably, we are compelled to respond because it presents feelings, perceptions, and understanding in so remarkably powerful, vivid and clear language.

LITERATURE

• We read to LEARN.• We read to bring us pleasure, delight &

entertainment.• We read to REVITALIZE

LITERATURE

TWO KINDS OF LITERATURE

Literature of Knowledge• Is an interpretation of facts, ideas, or

happenings such as character description, a narrative recount of an experience or a discussion of political issue.

• Autobiography, personal narrative, biography history, and various form of essay fall in this category.

• Is the product of a creative writer’s presentation of the general truths of human nature. Where the historian dabbles with facts or the philosopher on abstract relations of ideas and reality, the creative writer, on the other hand interprets experience by concretely inventing a life-like image or story that embodies truths of human nature.

Literature of imagination

Short Story

By: Mary Ann Porlas

Short Story• is a prose narrative that communicates the

writer’s feeling about some experiences – a distinct impression , a vision, the meaning generated from his personal experience and innate sensibility.

FRANK O’ CONNOR – in the lonely voice writes that the short story is a distinct art form because the author has a greater effect to achieve in a smaller compass, hence he must seize upon basic situation that has within it a maximum significance

GRANVILLE HICKS – has also this to say about good short story, that is, an attempt to make the reader share in a unique moment of sight.

Short Story

Elements of a Short Story

• PLOT- is a series of events or arrangement of details and

incidents in the story. It consist of the following parts.

• CHARACTERS- They are the men and women involved in the main

plot.

Short Story

• THEME- is the central message or unifying and controlling

idea of the work; it is the subject or topic of the selection which is sometimes stated by a character or by the writer himself.

• STYLE

- in the general sense, style refers to the manner in which the writer’s employs language. Grammatically and rhetorically a good style is one that reveals definite theme, an understable point of view.

Short Story

• POINT OF VIEW

- The point of view relates to the narrator of the story. The narrator may or may not be a character in the story.

Short Story

• CLASSIFICATION OF POINT OF VIEW:

1. FIRST PERSON he/ she could be a participant or a character in

his own work.

2. THIRD PERSON The writer is merely an observer and uses

pronouns in the third person.

3. OMNISCIENT The writer narrator sees all, he can see into the

minds of character.

Short Story

POETRYBy: Rhodalyn

Alferez

POETRY• The earliest literary expression in virtually all

cultures.• Enjoying and delightful expression, it was first

known written literary heritage.• Distinctive of poetry is that it continues to

stimulate the imagination which demands visualization of events, places and characters often outside in the realm experiences.

• Distinctively there are differences among people in a certain Asian poetic expression even among Asian cultures.

• The Chinese delight in rhyme while the Japanese do not recognize it because of the language structure

POETRY

DEFINITION OF POETRY:• Plato define poetry as nearer to vital truth than

history.• Aristotle linked with man’s innate love for

imitation of our sense of harmony and rhythm.• Shelley, another Romantic considered poetry

as a record of the best and happiest moments of the best and the happiest in minds.

POETRY

• Allan Tate, contemporary critic, claimed that it is must for reader of poetry to render the poem the fullest cooperation of his intellectual resources, all his knowledge of the world and all the persistence and alertness that he now thinks giving scientific studies.

• Poetry like all literature, attempts to communicate an author’s emotional and philosophical responses to his/her own existence.

POETRY

• Poetry different from prose

1st poetry is more concise, concentrated, intense, rhythmical, and melodious than prose.

2nd is that, poetry is more economical than prose.

POETRY

• Diction in poetry refers to the pots description of his own experience in words combining its actual and suggested meaning.

• The feeling of Words-creating mood in poetry.• The sounds of Words-Writers play with

sounds of words to create pleasing effect and mood the repetition of initial sounds in word is known alliteration.

POETRY

• Rhyme in Poetry- When the sounds at the end of the words are repeated, the result is rhyme.

• Imagery- Poems contain clear and vivid images or

pictures made with words.- The poet can make the readers see, feel, smell,

hear and even the flavor the things described.• Figurative Speech

POETRY