Group Names and Properties

Group Properties

Remember What a Group is?Groups are columns on the periodic table.

Elements in a group all have the same number of valence electrons.

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Hydrogen Hydrogen belongs to a

family of its own. Hydrogen is a diatomic,

reactive gas. Hydrogen was involved in

the explosion of the Hindenberg.

Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

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Alkali Metals

1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.

Very reactive metals Soft enough to cut with a

butter knife.

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Alkaline Earth Metals

Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)

Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.

Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)

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Transition Metals

Elements in groups 3-12

Less reactive harder metals

Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.

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Boron Family

Elements in group 13 3 valence electrons

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Carbon Family Elements in group 14 Contains elements

important to life and computers.

Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.

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Nitrogen Family

Elements in group 15 Nitrogen makes up over

¾ of the atmosphere. The red stuff on the tip of

matches is phosphorus.

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Oxygen Family or Chalcogens

Elements in group 16 Many things that stink,

contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

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Halogens

Elements in group 17 Very reactive, volatile,

diatomic, nonmetals Used as disinfectants

and to strengthen teeth.

The Noble Gases

Elements in group 18 VERY unreactive,

monatomic gases Used in lighted “neon”

sign Have a full valence shell.

Periodic Table with GROUP Names

Questions1. Why are the noble gases all inert? Why do they all behave the same way, and

have very similar chemical properties? 2. Draw a Lewis structure for hydrogen. Draw a Lewis structure for oxygen. Think

about the octet rule. How many hydrogen atoms will want to bond with an oxygen atom? What compound does this form? Draw the Lewis dot structure for the compound.

3. Do you think a noble gas will react with Oxygen? Would an alkalai metal react with iodine?

4. You see a neon light break and the glass is everywhere. Should you be afraid of the neon gas that was inside the light?