Group Dynamics

Group DynamicsBy group zenith

D.K.D. MadhubhashiniK. SujeevakanthanK.P.W.A.S.B KaduwelaH.M. Madhumathi K.HaluwanaK.D.D.U.S.B. AmarathungaAroshi S. TennekoonA.M.S.B. AbeysekaraU.P. Wijewardane

on 14th January 2012

Two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition.(Vaughan & Hogg, 2002, p. 200)

What is a “Group”?

Group

Two or more People

Who see them selves as group members

Share common goals Inter act with each other

Groups Vs Teams

All teams are Groups but not all groups are teams Skills in team is a force of together “Less me more Us” Team have individual tasks and Responsibility link to the task. A team have a positive synergy

1+1<2

Classification of Groups

Groups

Formal

Commandgroups

Tasksgroups

Informal

Interest groups

Friendshipgroups

Formal GroupsStructured to perform specific tasks

Command Groups

Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager

Tasks Groups

Groups composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific job task ; their existence is often temporary because once the task is completed, the group disbands.

Informal GroupsCreated by workers to meet their needs.

Friendship Groups

Made up of employees who enjoys each other’s company.satisfy the need for human interaction and social support.

Interest GroupsWorkers seek to achieve a common goal based on their membership in then organization.

managers should observe interest groups to learn what

employees see as

Reasons for Joining Groups

Security

Status

Self –Esteem

Affiliation

Power

Goal Achievement

Performing

AdjourningIndependence

Interdependence

Independence

NormingStorming

Forming Forming

Members join & begin the process of defining the group’s purpose, structure & leadership.

Conflict & confrontation(disagreements) Intra group conflict occurs as individuals

resist control by the group & disagree over

lead. .

Storming

Norming

Close relationships develop as the group becomes cohesive & establishes its norms for acceptable behavior.

Performing

Group fully functional

Devoted to task at hand

Mutual assistance

Creativity

Understanding goals & roles (Independence)

Adjourning(End of group / new modified group)

The group prepares to disband & is no longer concerned with high levels of performance.

Dynamics of a group

Group Dynamics

Composition

Size

Roles

Norms

Leadership

Status

Cohesiveness

Factor that determines the efficiency of collaborative learning is the composition of the group.

Most intensive variable is the heterogeneity of the groups.

Types of diversityUnderlying Attributes

Age Information

Gender Knowledge

Intelligence Creativity

Race Values

Ethnicity Skills

Dynamics of a group

Composition

Size

Dynamics of a group

Smaller group –Cohesion develops more quickly.Productive For completion of a particular task

Larger group –more effective for problem solving. Social loafing effect can be occur.( more numbers can lead to less

individual effort and individual becomes a free rider)

Roles

Dynamics of a group

Group roles are largely determined by a combination of a person’s personality and his or her experience with group settings

Assigned roles- chairmen , secretary , manager, treasurer

Emergent roles- confidant , group joker ,gossiper , mentor

Norms

Dynamics of a group

Acceptable stands behaviorWhat should/should not to do

Common classes of norms….. Performance ppearance Social arrangement Allocation of resource

Why……Group survivalMeasure predictability of members behaviorReduce embarrassing

Cohesiveness

Dynamics of a group

Forming united whole

Degree of motivated to remain in group

Depend on…..

Interpersonal attraction

Record of high performance in past

Competition with other groups

Introduction:George Elton Mayo who's known as the founder of “Human

Relations Movement” has mentioned in his book, “The HumanProblems of an Industrialized Civilization” the importance of GroupBehavior and its benefit towards an Organization.

When it comes to Group Behavior, the Conditions Effecting GroupBehavior is an important aspect, which it could be divided as,

External (organizational) conditions

Internal Group variables

Conditions Effecting Group Behavior

External (organizational) Conditions Internal Group Variables

•Overall strategy•Authority structures

•Individual competencies and traits of members

•Formal regulations•Available organizational resources

•Group structure

•Employee selection criteria•Organizational culture

•Size of the group

•General physical layout •Internal pressure on members to conform or the group’s norms

•Personal selection processes •Performance evaluation and reward systems

In this path

Introduction about group decision process….

Method of decision making……

Advantages of group decision making……

Disadvantages of group decision making……

Group decision

A complex process………………………….

Require opinions from others…………

On the process of decision making there are several methods….

A. Authoritarian Style

like a dictatorship

Decision rest in the hand of the power full person…..

Group decision

B. Brainstorming

Excellent method

Get the decision on consensus

c. Voting Based Method

Can you remember Voting Based Method????

Generate more complete information and knowledge...

Generate more diverse alternatives…..

Increases acceptance of a solution……

Increases legitimacy of decision….

Time consuming…….

Minority domination…..

Pressure to conform……

Summary

What is a group

Difference between a group and a team

Types of groups

Reasons of joining groups

Tuchman’s five theory of group development

Dynamics of groups

Conditions effecting group behavior

Group decisions

Thank you!