Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski William Mehnert
Jan 12, 2016
Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski
William Mehnert
Overview• Project Objectives
• Conceptual Design
• Q&A for Presentation 1
• Technical Analysis
• Plan for Phase 3
• Nugget Chart
• Conclusion
Project Objective
• Convert a gasoline engine to operate on E85 without sacrificing fuel consumption, increasing performance and reducing emissions
• Provide a control system unit to manage the engine
Conceptual Design
ECM
Exhaust Gases
FFS Fuel
Injectors Ignition O2 EGT
Q&A Presentation 1
• Engine Cooling– No change to combustion chamber
temperatures
• Materials– Engines have been manufactured to run
on ethanol (E10) for over a decade
Areas for Technical Analysis
• Ignition Timing
• Explosion Limits
• Emissions
• Power/Torque
Ignition Timing
• Used to control power and chamber temperatures
• Typical Ignition timing ranges from 5˚BTDC at start to over 40˚BTDC at higher RPMs
• Temperatures and power will be measured before and after the conversion to optimize timing
Ignition Timing
Explosion Limits
• Equations:– LEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/lel1 +P2/lel2 + ...
Pn/leln) – UEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/uel1 +P2/uel2 + ...
Pn/ueln)
Fuel Lower Limit Upper Limit
Gasoline 1.4 7.6
Ethanol 3.3 19
Explosion Limits
• LEL=1/[(.15/1.4)+(.85/3.3)]=2.74• UEL=1/[(.15/7.6)+(.85/19)]=15.5
• Lambda– Measures fuel content in combustion chamber
(AFR/AFRstoich)
– Typical range between .68 and 1.4– Corresponding values based on explosion limits
are .56 to 3.65• Fuel will combust
Emissions
• Although emissions can be theoretically calculated the process is extremely involved
• Emissions will be measured prior to conversion and after (without the use of a catalytic converter) based on EPA standards
Emissions• Local Testing Procedure (IM240)
– 240 Seconds Test– Average Speed 30 MPH– Max Speed 56.7 MPH– Total of 2 Miles– Idle time to be less than 3.8% of total time
Power/Torque
• Power Calculated from measured Torque– HP =(Torque x rpm)/5250
• Torque optimized by changing timing
• Baseline and final torque will be measured on a chassis dynamometer
Power/Torque
Sample affects of ignition timingIgnition Timing
(Degree)
Temperature
(K)
Work
(J)
Exerted Pressure
(kPa)
0° 2500 20 3600
-5° 2550 21 4275
-10° 2600 22 5700
+5° 2450 18 3075
**Based on applet designed by Colorado State,
http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~allan/thermo/page6/EngineParm2/Engine.html
Timing adjusted, all other values held constant
Plan for Phase 3
• Prototype– Ignition timing model– Fuel consumption model
• Plan– Fit ECM to engine with existing sensors– Test engine operation prior to conversion
• Purchase– Engine– ECM– Various Sensors– Dynamometer time
Nugget Chart
Conclusion
• With ignition timing, we will control the combustion in the cylinder chamber
• We will provide a kit that will enable someone to run on E85/gasoline blend
Thank you
• Any Questions?
Reference• www.change2E85.com• www.megasquirt.info• www.flextek.com• www.e85fuel.com• www.eere.energy.gov• www.diablosport.com• www.e85vehicles.com• www.e85prices.com• www.aa1car.com• http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=33615• http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/explosive-concentration-limits-d_423.html• http://www.allpar.com/fix/EPAMethods.html• http://www.techedge.com.au/vehicle/wbo2/wblambda.htm• Effect of Advanced injection timing on emission characteristics of diesel
engine running on natural gas• Effect of Ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust
emissions in different compression ratio• The effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on
engine performance and exhaust emissions
Chemical Equilibrium
• Gasoline – C8H18+12.5(O2+3.76N2)
CO2+3H2O+12.5(3.76N2)
• Ethanol– C2H5OH+3(O2+3.76N2)
2CO2+3H2O+3(3.76N2)
Formulas Used