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Abortion refers to the procedure for termination of a

pregnancy . It is achieved by removing embryo and/or

fetus along with the placenta from the uterus of the

gravida or pregnant woman. Abortion is a personal

decision that entirely depends on the pregnant woman. As per statistics, it is estimated that about

40 percent of women worldwide opt for termination

of pregnancy at some stage in their reproductive

lives. Abortion is of two types, namely, spontaneous

and induced. In day-to-day uses, abortion collectively refers to induced type, whereas spontaneous type is

termed as miscarriage.

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Suction Aspiration

8 weeksThis is the most common method of abortion

during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. General or

local anaesthesia is given to the mother and her

cervix is quickly dilated. A suction curette (hollowtube with a knife-edged tip) is inserted into the

womb. This instrument is then connected to a

vacuum machine by a transparent tube. The

vacuum suction, 29 times more powerful than a

household vacuum cleaner, tears the fetus and

placenta into small pieces which are sucked

through the tube into a bottle and discarded.

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3

18 weeks

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

This method is similar to the suction method with theadded insertion of a hook shaped knife (curette) which

cuts the baby into pieces. The pieces are scraped out

through the cervix and discarded [Note: This abortion

method should not be confused with a therapeutic D&C

done for reasons other than pregnancy.]

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Salt Poisoning (Saline Injection):Used after 16 weeks (four months) when enough fluid has accumulated.

A long needle injects a strong salt solution through the mother's

abdomen into the baby's sac. The baby swallows this fluid and ispoisoned by it. It also acts as a corrosive, burning off the outer layer of

skin. It normally takes somewhat over an hour for the baby to die from

this. Within 24 hours, labor will usually set in and the mother will give

birth to a dead or dying baby. (There have been many cases of these

babies being born alive. They are usually left unattended to die.

However, a few have survived and later been adopted.)

Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)This method is used up to 18 weeks' gestation. Instead of the loop-

shaped knife used in D&C abortions, a pair of forceps is inserted into the

womb to grasp part of the fetus. The teeth of the forceps twist and tear

the bones of the unborn child. This process is repeated until the fetus istotally dismembered and removed. Usually the spine must be snapped

and the skull crushed in order to remove them.

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6 months

Prostaglandin Chemical AbortionThis form of abortion uses chemicals developed by the

Upjohn Pharmaceutical Co. which cause the uterus to

contract intensely, pushing out the developing baby.

The contractions are more violent than normal,

natural contractions, so the unborn baby is frequently

killed by them -- some have even been decapitated.Many, however, have also been born alive.

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Hysterotomy or Caesarean SectionUsed mainly in the last three months of pregnancy, the

womb is entered by surgery through the wall of the

abdomen. The technique is similar to a Caesareandelivery, except that the umbilical cord is usually cut

while the baby is still in the womb, thus cutting off his

oxygen supply and causing him to suffocate.

Sometimes the baby is removed alive and simply left in

a corner to die of neglect or exposure.

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30 weeks

Partial-Birth AbortionFive steps to a partial birth abortion:

Guided by ultrasound, the abortionist grabs the baby's legs with

forceps.

The baby's leg is pulled out into the birth canal.

The abortionist delivers the baby's entire body, except for the

head.

The abortionist jams scissors into the baby's skull. The scissors

are then opened to enlarge the skull.

The scissors are removed and a suction catheter is inserted. The

child's brains are sucked out, causing the skull to collapse. The

dead baby is then removed.

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Spontaneous Abortion

Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage occurs naturally

without medical intervention or other procedures. On

an average, about 20-25 percent of the pregnancies

result in miscarriages. Among these, more than 90

percent cases occur in the first three months or 12

weeks of pregnancy, which is also referred to as first

trimester. In some cases, it takes place so early that the

gravida was not aware of pregnancy.

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In majority of the cases, miscarriage takes place due to health

complications of the gravida during pregnancy or accidental trauma. In

addition, miscarriages may also result from the chromosomalabnormalities. The symptoms of spontaneous abortion vary depending

upon the time in which the miscarriage occurs. For example; a 10th

week miscarriage causes heavy bleeding, similar to a heavy menstrual

period, whereas miscarriage after the completion of the first trimester

(12th week) resembles a mild version of labor pain. Spontaneous

abortion is called incomplete, if the uterus retains a part or whole of

placenta.

Young women who are under 17 years or older women who are above

35 years are at a higher risk of miscarriage than other women. Beside

this, women who have had two or more previous miscarriages and thecouples having difficulty in conceiving are susceptible to spontaneous

abortion. It is biologically safer to conceive the first baby when a

woman is between 22 to 28 years. The risk of spontaneous abortion is

low after the 10th week of conception.

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Induced Abortion

In induced type, abortion is carried out by the administration of pillsor surgical procedures. If the induced abortion is for the wellness of

the gravida, then it is known as therapeutic abortion. On the contrary,

induced abortion performed for any other purposes is called elective

abortion. Before undergoing abortion, one can opt for medical

counseling about the pros and cons of abortion. The procedure of

induced abortion is performed under the medical supervision of a

licensed physician.

- Speaking about the methods of induced abortion, there are several

types, which are applied based on the particular stage of pregnancy. -

- Some of the popular methods areEarly Medical Abortion (9 weeks) - This method involves

administration of two different medicines, one for inhibiting the

hormones and another for breaking down the womb lining and/or

expellable of the embryo.

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� Vacuum aspiration or suction termination (7-15 weeks) - It is a

procedure for removing the embryo from the uterus by gentlesuctioning. This method lasts for about 10 minutes.

� Late medical abortion (13weeks) - Similar to early medical abortion.

However, it usually requires extra medication doses.

� Surgical dilation and evacuation (15 weeks) - First, the cervix is

opened or dilated, which is then followed by insertion of forceps and

suction tube for removing the fetus.

If abortion is performed between 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, then it is

called late abortion. This can be achieved by two-stage surgical

procedure or medical induced method. In the former case, the

heartbeat of the fetus is stopped first. Then the cervix is loosened andthe fetus is removed by surgical dilation and evacuation (D&E )

process. In medical induced method, medication is injected in the

uterus and the fetus is removed by D&E procedure.

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Pro-Life - 10 Arguments Against Abortion1. Since life begins at conception, abortion is akin to murder as it

is the act of taking human life. Abortion is in direct defiance of

the commonly accepted idea of the sanctity of human life.

2. No civilized society permits one human to intentionally harm

or take the life of another human without punishment, and

abortion is no different.

3. Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes

the same result. And with 1.5 million American families wanting

to adopt a child, there is no such thing as an unwanted child.

4. An abortion can result in medical complications later in life;the risk of ectopic pregnancies doubles, and the chance of a

miscarriage and pelvic inflammatory disease also increases.

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5. In the instance of rape and incest, proper medical care can

ensure that a woman will not get pregnant. Abortion punishes the

unborn child who committed no crime; instead, it is the

perpetrator who should be punished.

6. Abortion should not be used as another form of contraception.

7. For women who demand complete control of their body, control

should include preventing the risk of unwanted pregnancy through

the responsible use of contraception or, if that is not possible,through abstinence.

8. Many Americans who pay taxes are opposed to abortion,

therefore it's morally wrong to use tax dollars to fund abortion.

9. Those who choose abortions are often minors or young women

with insufficient life experience to understand fully what they aredoing. Many have lifelong regrets afterwards.

10. Abortion frequently causes intense psychological pain and

stress.

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Pro-Choice - 10 Arguments For Abortion

1. Nearly all abortions take place in the first trimester, when a fetuscannot exist independent of the mother. As it is attached by the

placenta and umbilical cord, its health is dependent on her health,

and cannot be regarded as a separate entity as it cannot exist outside

her womb.

2. The concept of personhood is different from the concept of human

life. Human life occurs at conception, but fertilized eggs used for invitro fertilization are also human lives and those not implanted are

routinely thrown away. Is this murder, and if not, then how is abortion

murder?

3. Adoption is not an alternative to abortion, because it remains the

woman's choice whether or not to give her child up for adoption.Statistics show that very few women who give birth choose to give up

their babies - less than 3% of white unmarried women and less than

2% of black unmarried women.

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4. Abortion is a safe medical procedure. The vast majority of women -

88% - who have an abortion do so in their first trimester. Medical

abortions have less than 0.5% risk of serious complications and do notaffect a woman's health or future ability to become pregnant or give

birth.

5. In the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this

violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. Often a

woman is too afraid to speak up or is unaware she is pregnant, thus the

morning after pill is ineffective in these situations.6. Abortion is not used as a form of contraception. Pregnancy can occur

even with responsible contraceptive use. Only 8% of women who have

abortions do not use any form of birth control, and that is due more to

individual carelessness than to the availability of abortion.

7. The ability of a woman to have control of her body is critical to civil

rights. Take away her reproductive choice and you step onto a slippery

slope. If the government can force a woman to continue a pregnancy,

what about forcing a woman to use contraception or undergo

sterilization?

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8. Taxpayer dollars are used to enable poor women to access thesame medical services as rich women, and abortion is one of these

services. Funding abortion is no different from funding a war in the

Mideast. For those who are opposed, the place to express outrage is

in the voting booth.

9. Teenagers who become mothers have grim prospects for thefuture. They are much more likely to leave of school; receive

inadequate prenatal care; rely on public assistance to raise a child;

develop health problems; or end up divorced.

10. Like any other difficult situation, abortion creates stress. Yet the

American Psychological Association found that stress was greatest

prior to an abortion, and that there was no evidence of post-abortionsyndrome.

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