Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Diplomacy of Small States with a focus on Malta and Mauritius
By Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones
Overview introduction
In looking at small state diplomacy two islands stood out that really punch above their weight shy
Malta and Mauritius Both embrace and promote tax advantages to invite citizenship and
investment and both are tourist destinations of choice As small islands that could be sidelined or
ignored in international diplomacy they have been proactive and energetic in finding their niche
Both of these countries can offer valuable and insightful lessons learned and examples of best
practice They also present cases of lsquowhat not to dorsquo and how to avoid or prevent possible pitfalls
We will explore both of these aspects and showcase some possible solutions
There are some possible questions to pose in this discussion How much of the tourist tax offering
and niche positioning is sustainable What is the 20 year horizon and focus Is Malta at risk in EU
post Brexit How African is Mauritius when SADC and other alignments are not effective Is there
an opportunity for an African initiative to link small states together Are they both at risk of being
lsquocast to searsquo Are they seen as islands and not relevant to the mainland and if so ndash which
mainland Would it be Italy or Sicily or Morocco for Malta How long can they hold their own
These are not going to be investigated in this paper but are worthy of discussion in another forum
as a follow on of this topic of small state diplomacy
As part of identifying these two countries here is a snapshot view and comparison of both Malta
and Mauritius
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 1
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Inset table of comparative aspects
Malta Mauritius
Land territory Size sq mts 312 2040
Population size 400000 1260000
Per capita GDP $25000 $11000
Trade amp Investment
Total contribution of Travel amp
Tourism to GDP
40 25
Average number of tourists per
year
1500000 1200000
Proactive MFA Law of the Sea Head quarters of
IOCshyAARC
Small State Network for
Economic Development (SSNED)
Foreign Embassies 117 26
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 2
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Lessons learnedbest practisewhat to do
Once again there are shared best prac뛕ces from both countries but perhaps the most relevant is that both taken a proac뛕ve approach to embrace their unique offering ndash holiday tax investment= magne뛕c arac뛕on to secure financial sustainability Neither has allowed limited resources etc to limit their vision eg non resident ambassadors however each also deserves to be showcased separately Malta
A key component of Maltarsquos foreign policy is to exploit its location between Europe and North Africa in order to increase its international influence As a member of the European Union it has been able to increase its regional profile In addition since Malta enjoys good relations with the states of North Africa and the Middle East it seeks to use that advantage to serve as an intermediary between those states and Europe This strategy allows Malta to be a leader in promoting peace in the region and to bring the states of Europe North Africa and the Middle East together (MFA 2016)
Another area in which Malta has excelled is in attracting foreign investment FinanceMalta a collaboration between the government and private sector is responsible for advertising Malta as an ideal place to invest based on factors such as the highlyshyqualified labour force location relatively low cost of doing business special tax treaties and an Englishshyspeaking environment This organization also safeguards the financial sector so that it will continue to function at the highest possible standard (FinanceMalta 2014) Malta Enterprise lsquoa oneshystop shop for foreign investorsrsquo is tasked with making the process of investing in Malta go smoothly (Hedgecoe 2014) It also connects companies in Malta with other businesses in Europe (Malta Enterprise 2016)
Another government agency Identity Malta manages the Individual Investor Programme which recruits wealthy individuals lsquowho can share their talent expertise and business connectionsrsquo In
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 3
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
order to qualify the individual is required to have lived in Malta for a year and must buy property and invest in Malta In exchange the successful applicant receives citizenship in Malta along with an EU passport tax advantages and the opportunity to live in a safe country with a good educational system (Identity Malta no date) The Malta Tourism Authority aims to strengthen the economy by increasing the number of tourist arrivals The government realized that it cannot compete with bigger countries that have equally beautiful weather and beaches so it was decided that they would lsquono longer promote Malta as a destination buthellip start promoting it as an experiencersquo (Grech 2004 p 1) Malta now markets itself as a country where visitors can encounter fascinating history and an incredible architectural heritage as well participate in sports and language study (Malta Tourism Authority no date) Having the capital city Valletta designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (UNESCO 2016) and as 2018 European Capital of Culture (European Commission 2016) adds value to the tourism product
Mauritius
The first steps that Mauritius took in the days after independence were a factor in its economic success In 1970 Mauritius created an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in which it offered tax breaks to companies removed certain import duties and relaxed labour rules (Frankel 2010) The country attracted a great deal of investment from overseas and many textile manufacturing companies were established As a result the economy soared in the first half of the 1970s (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) In addition Mauritius took full advantage of the lsquofavorable trade preferencesrsquo from overseas markets As a signatory to the 1975 Sugar Protocol of the Lome Convention it had the option of accepting high prices while limiting its exports or exporting a much larger amount of sugar to the EU at a lower price Eventually the price of the sugar increased and Mauritian economy benefitted
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 4
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
tremendously (Frankel 2010) Mauritius has continued to expand its textile export base with the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act which provides easier access to the US market (CIA no date) In times of economic crisis the government of Mauritius is proactive and takes the necessary steps to strengthen the economy When economic progress stalled in the late 1970s Mauritius worked with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to make changes such as lsquofiscal stabilisation exchange rate alignment income policy heterodox trade liberalisation and financial consolidationrsquo which revived the economy Similarly when the sugar and textile agreements with the EU ended and Mauritius lost its special exporter status it responded by branching out into financial services and ICT and by changing its focus from manufacturing inexpensive products to designing and making highshyend products (Vandemoortele and Bird p 16) Furthermore Mauritius attempted to remove obstacles to starting a business by enacting the Business Facilitation Act of 2006 which makes it possible for companies to be operational within days (Zafar 2011) Another factor in the success of Mauritius is its approach to the development of its tourism industry The Mauritius Tourism Authority oversees the industry and ensures that environmental and natural resources are protected The agency is also responsible for marketing Mauritius as a luxury vacation spot managing tourist attractions and granting various licenses (Mauritius Tourism Authority no date) Creating a luxury tourist brand and allowing local and international investors to develop the brand proved to be an excellent strategy and Mauritius has reaped the financial rewards (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) After independence the government of Mauritius understood the need for societal reforms and thus implemented a number of policies that paved the way for economic success To deal with ethnic discord and underrepresentation of certain groups a political system in which all groups are represented was developed Mauritius also decided against having an army In addition free education became the right of every Mauritian (Frankel 2010) Against this social and political backdrop Mauritius has continued to prosper
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 5
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Teachings Possible pitfallswhat to avoid shy with possible solutions
While Mauri뛕us has been economic prowess one of the most prevalent comments has been on the standard of educa뛕on and the educa뛕onal system In order to remain compe뛕뛕ve this should be considered as it will be significant if this is to be sustainable Will people see the country as more than just a tourist spot but rather a des뛕na뛕on of choice and home if they have school going age children Will this become a place for business tax haven seekers and re뛕rees
hpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_‐_master_0pdf ( last paragraph on p 16 men뛕ons the fact that Mauri뛕ans donrsquot have the special skills required for the service sector
Malta is seen as a robust and stable poli뛕cal space but perhaps needs to deal with its public debt Is Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2014 one step towards solving the problem
hpwwwindependentcommtar뛕cles2014‐07‐19opinionswith‐6‐bn‐of‐debt‐a‐welcome‐fiscal‐responsibility‐act‐5897355268
hpwwwimforgexternalpubs횦scr2016cr1621pdf
Conclusion
Could Mauri뛕us possibly be a catalyst to link small African states together Shared best prac뛕se etcbring CARICOM to Africa Embrace more ICT
References
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 6
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Inset table of comparative aspects
Malta Mauritius
Land territory Size sq mts 312 2040
Population size 400000 1260000
Per capita GDP $25000 $11000
Trade amp Investment
Total contribution of Travel amp
Tourism to GDP
40 25
Average number of tourists per
year
1500000 1200000
Proactive MFA Law of the Sea Head quarters of
IOCshyAARC
Small State Network for
Economic Development (SSNED)
Foreign Embassies 117 26
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 2
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Lessons learnedbest practisewhat to do
Once again there are shared best prac뛕ces from both countries but perhaps the most relevant is that both taken a proac뛕ve approach to embrace their unique offering ndash holiday tax investment= magne뛕c arac뛕on to secure financial sustainability Neither has allowed limited resources etc to limit their vision eg non resident ambassadors however each also deserves to be showcased separately Malta
A key component of Maltarsquos foreign policy is to exploit its location between Europe and North Africa in order to increase its international influence As a member of the European Union it has been able to increase its regional profile In addition since Malta enjoys good relations with the states of North Africa and the Middle East it seeks to use that advantage to serve as an intermediary between those states and Europe This strategy allows Malta to be a leader in promoting peace in the region and to bring the states of Europe North Africa and the Middle East together (MFA 2016)
Another area in which Malta has excelled is in attracting foreign investment FinanceMalta a collaboration between the government and private sector is responsible for advertising Malta as an ideal place to invest based on factors such as the highlyshyqualified labour force location relatively low cost of doing business special tax treaties and an Englishshyspeaking environment This organization also safeguards the financial sector so that it will continue to function at the highest possible standard (FinanceMalta 2014) Malta Enterprise lsquoa oneshystop shop for foreign investorsrsquo is tasked with making the process of investing in Malta go smoothly (Hedgecoe 2014) It also connects companies in Malta with other businesses in Europe (Malta Enterprise 2016)
Another government agency Identity Malta manages the Individual Investor Programme which recruits wealthy individuals lsquowho can share their talent expertise and business connectionsrsquo In
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 3
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
order to qualify the individual is required to have lived in Malta for a year and must buy property and invest in Malta In exchange the successful applicant receives citizenship in Malta along with an EU passport tax advantages and the opportunity to live in a safe country with a good educational system (Identity Malta no date) The Malta Tourism Authority aims to strengthen the economy by increasing the number of tourist arrivals The government realized that it cannot compete with bigger countries that have equally beautiful weather and beaches so it was decided that they would lsquono longer promote Malta as a destination buthellip start promoting it as an experiencersquo (Grech 2004 p 1) Malta now markets itself as a country where visitors can encounter fascinating history and an incredible architectural heritage as well participate in sports and language study (Malta Tourism Authority no date) Having the capital city Valletta designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (UNESCO 2016) and as 2018 European Capital of Culture (European Commission 2016) adds value to the tourism product
Mauritius
The first steps that Mauritius took in the days after independence were a factor in its economic success In 1970 Mauritius created an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in which it offered tax breaks to companies removed certain import duties and relaxed labour rules (Frankel 2010) The country attracted a great deal of investment from overseas and many textile manufacturing companies were established As a result the economy soared in the first half of the 1970s (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) In addition Mauritius took full advantage of the lsquofavorable trade preferencesrsquo from overseas markets As a signatory to the 1975 Sugar Protocol of the Lome Convention it had the option of accepting high prices while limiting its exports or exporting a much larger amount of sugar to the EU at a lower price Eventually the price of the sugar increased and Mauritian economy benefitted
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 4
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
tremendously (Frankel 2010) Mauritius has continued to expand its textile export base with the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act which provides easier access to the US market (CIA no date) In times of economic crisis the government of Mauritius is proactive and takes the necessary steps to strengthen the economy When economic progress stalled in the late 1970s Mauritius worked with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to make changes such as lsquofiscal stabilisation exchange rate alignment income policy heterodox trade liberalisation and financial consolidationrsquo which revived the economy Similarly when the sugar and textile agreements with the EU ended and Mauritius lost its special exporter status it responded by branching out into financial services and ICT and by changing its focus from manufacturing inexpensive products to designing and making highshyend products (Vandemoortele and Bird p 16) Furthermore Mauritius attempted to remove obstacles to starting a business by enacting the Business Facilitation Act of 2006 which makes it possible for companies to be operational within days (Zafar 2011) Another factor in the success of Mauritius is its approach to the development of its tourism industry The Mauritius Tourism Authority oversees the industry and ensures that environmental and natural resources are protected The agency is also responsible for marketing Mauritius as a luxury vacation spot managing tourist attractions and granting various licenses (Mauritius Tourism Authority no date) Creating a luxury tourist brand and allowing local and international investors to develop the brand proved to be an excellent strategy and Mauritius has reaped the financial rewards (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) After independence the government of Mauritius understood the need for societal reforms and thus implemented a number of policies that paved the way for economic success To deal with ethnic discord and underrepresentation of certain groups a political system in which all groups are represented was developed Mauritius also decided against having an army In addition free education became the right of every Mauritian (Frankel 2010) Against this social and political backdrop Mauritius has continued to prosper
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 5
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Teachings Possible pitfallswhat to avoid shy with possible solutions
While Mauri뛕us has been economic prowess one of the most prevalent comments has been on the standard of educa뛕on and the educa뛕onal system In order to remain compe뛕뛕ve this should be considered as it will be significant if this is to be sustainable Will people see the country as more than just a tourist spot but rather a des뛕na뛕on of choice and home if they have school going age children Will this become a place for business tax haven seekers and re뛕rees
hpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_‐_master_0pdf ( last paragraph on p 16 men뛕ons the fact that Mauri뛕ans donrsquot have the special skills required for the service sector
Malta is seen as a robust and stable poli뛕cal space but perhaps needs to deal with its public debt Is Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2014 one step towards solving the problem
hpwwwindependentcommtar뛕cles2014‐07‐19opinionswith‐6‐bn‐of‐debt‐a‐welcome‐fiscal‐responsibility‐act‐5897355268
hpwwwimforgexternalpubs횦scr2016cr1621pdf
Conclusion
Could Mauri뛕us possibly be a catalyst to link small African states together Shared best prac뛕se etcbring CARICOM to Africa Embrace more ICT
References
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 6
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Lessons learnedbest practisewhat to do
Once again there are shared best prac뛕ces from both countries but perhaps the most relevant is that both taken a proac뛕ve approach to embrace their unique offering ndash holiday tax investment= magne뛕c arac뛕on to secure financial sustainability Neither has allowed limited resources etc to limit their vision eg non resident ambassadors however each also deserves to be showcased separately Malta
A key component of Maltarsquos foreign policy is to exploit its location between Europe and North Africa in order to increase its international influence As a member of the European Union it has been able to increase its regional profile In addition since Malta enjoys good relations with the states of North Africa and the Middle East it seeks to use that advantage to serve as an intermediary between those states and Europe This strategy allows Malta to be a leader in promoting peace in the region and to bring the states of Europe North Africa and the Middle East together (MFA 2016)
Another area in which Malta has excelled is in attracting foreign investment FinanceMalta a collaboration between the government and private sector is responsible for advertising Malta as an ideal place to invest based on factors such as the highlyshyqualified labour force location relatively low cost of doing business special tax treaties and an Englishshyspeaking environment This organization also safeguards the financial sector so that it will continue to function at the highest possible standard (FinanceMalta 2014) Malta Enterprise lsquoa oneshystop shop for foreign investorsrsquo is tasked with making the process of investing in Malta go smoothly (Hedgecoe 2014) It also connects companies in Malta with other businesses in Europe (Malta Enterprise 2016)
Another government agency Identity Malta manages the Individual Investor Programme which recruits wealthy individuals lsquowho can share their talent expertise and business connectionsrsquo In
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 3
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
order to qualify the individual is required to have lived in Malta for a year and must buy property and invest in Malta In exchange the successful applicant receives citizenship in Malta along with an EU passport tax advantages and the opportunity to live in a safe country with a good educational system (Identity Malta no date) The Malta Tourism Authority aims to strengthen the economy by increasing the number of tourist arrivals The government realized that it cannot compete with bigger countries that have equally beautiful weather and beaches so it was decided that they would lsquono longer promote Malta as a destination buthellip start promoting it as an experiencersquo (Grech 2004 p 1) Malta now markets itself as a country where visitors can encounter fascinating history and an incredible architectural heritage as well participate in sports and language study (Malta Tourism Authority no date) Having the capital city Valletta designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (UNESCO 2016) and as 2018 European Capital of Culture (European Commission 2016) adds value to the tourism product
Mauritius
The first steps that Mauritius took in the days after independence were a factor in its economic success In 1970 Mauritius created an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in which it offered tax breaks to companies removed certain import duties and relaxed labour rules (Frankel 2010) The country attracted a great deal of investment from overseas and many textile manufacturing companies were established As a result the economy soared in the first half of the 1970s (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) In addition Mauritius took full advantage of the lsquofavorable trade preferencesrsquo from overseas markets As a signatory to the 1975 Sugar Protocol of the Lome Convention it had the option of accepting high prices while limiting its exports or exporting a much larger amount of sugar to the EU at a lower price Eventually the price of the sugar increased and Mauritian economy benefitted
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 4
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
tremendously (Frankel 2010) Mauritius has continued to expand its textile export base with the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act which provides easier access to the US market (CIA no date) In times of economic crisis the government of Mauritius is proactive and takes the necessary steps to strengthen the economy When economic progress stalled in the late 1970s Mauritius worked with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to make changes such as lsquofiscal stabilisation exchange rate alignment income policy heterodox trade liberalisation and financial consolidationrsquo which revived the economy Similarly when the sugar and textile agreements with the EU ended and Mauritius lost its special exporter status it responded by branching out into financial services and ICT and by changing its focus from manufacturing inexpensive products to designing and making highshyend products (Vandemoortele and Bird p 16) Furthermore Mauritius attempted to remove obstacles to starting a business by enacting the Business Facilitation Act of 2006 which makes it possible for companies to be operational within days (Zafar 2011) Another factor in the success of Mauritius is its approach to the development of its tourism industry The Mauritius Tourism Authority oversees the industry and ensures that environmental and natural resources are protected The agency is also responsible for marketing Mauritius as a luxury vacation spot managing tourist attractions and granting various licenses (Mauritius Tourism Authority no date) Creating a luxury tourist brand and allowing local and international investors to develop the brand proved to be an excellent strategy and Mauritius has reaped the financial rewards (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) After independence the government of Mauritius understood the need for societal reforms and thus implemented a number of policies that paved the way for economic success To deal with ethnic discord and underrepresentation of certain groups a political system in which all groups are represented was developed Mauritius also decided against having an army In addition free education became the right of every Mauritian (Frankel 2010) Against this social and political backdrop Mauritius has continued to prosper
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 5
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Teachings Possible pitfallswhat to avoid shy with possible solutions
While Mauri뛕us has been economic prowess one of the most prevalent comments has been on the standard of educa뛕on and the educa뛕onal system In order to remain compe뛕뛕ve this should be considered as it will be significant if this is to be sustainable Will people see the country as more than just a tourist spot but rather a des뛕na뛕on of choice and home if they have school going age children Will this become a place for business tax haven seekers and re뛕rees
hpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_‐_master_0pdf ( last paragraph on p 16 men뛕ons the fact that Mauri뛕ans donrsquot have the special skills required for the service sector
Malta is seen as a robust and stable poli뛕cal space but perhaps needs to deal with its public debt Is Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2014 one step towards solving the problem
hpwwwindependentcommtar뛕cles2014‐07‐19opinionswith‐6‐bn‐of‐debt‐a‐welcome‐fiscal‐responsibility‐act‐5897355268
hpwwwimforgexternalpubs횦scr2016cr1621pdf
Conclusion
Could Mauri뛕us possibly be a catalyst to link small African states together Shared best prac뛕se etcbring CARICOM to Africa Embrace more ICT
References
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 6
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
order to qualify the individual is required to have lived in Malta for a year and must buy property and invest in Malta In exchange the successful applicant receives citizenship in Malta along with an EU passport tax advantages and the opportunity to live in a safe country with a good educational system (Identity Malta no date) The Malta Tourism Authority aims to strengthen the economy by increasing the number of tourist arrivals The government realized that it cannot compete with bigger countries that have equally beautiful weather and beaches so it was decided that they would lsquono longer promote Malta as a destination buthellip start promoting it as an experiencersquo (Grech 2004 p 1) Malta now markets itself as a country where visitors can encounter fascinating history and an incredible architectural heritage as well participate in sports and language study (Malta Tourism Authority no date) Having the capital city Valletta designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (UNESCO 2016) and as 2018 European Capital of Culture (European Commission 2016) adds value to the tourism product
Mauritius
The first steps that Mauritius took in the days after independence were a factor in its economic success In 1970 Mauritius created an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in which it offered tax breaks to companies removed certain import duties and relaxed labour rules (Frankel 2010) The country attracted a great deal of investment from overseas and many textile manufacturing companies were established As a result the economy soared in the first half of the 1970s (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) In addition Mauritius took full advantage of the lsquofavorable trade preferencesrsquo from overseas markets As a signatory to the 1975 Sugar Protocol of the Lome Convention it had the option of accepting high prices while limiting its exports or exporting a much larger amount of sugar to the EU at a lower price Eventually the price of the sugar increased and Mauritian economy benefitted
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 4
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
tremendously (Frankel 2010) Mauritius has continued to expand its textile export base with the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act which provides easier access to the US market (CIA no date) In times of economic crisis the government of Mauritius is proactive and takes the necessary steps to strengthen the economy When economic progress stalled in the late 1970s Mauritius worked with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to make changes such as lsquofiscal stabilisation exchange rate alignment income policy heterodox trade liberalisation and financial consolidationrsquo which revived the economy Similarly when the sugar and textile agreements with the EU ended and Mauritius lost its special exporter status it responded by branching out into financial services and ICT and by changing its focus from manufacturing inexpensive products to designing and making highshyend products (Vandemoortele and Bird p 16) Furthermore Mauritius attempted to remove obstacles to starting a business by enacting the Business Facilitation Act of 2006 which makes it possible for companies to be operational within days (Zafar 2011) Another factor in the success of Mauritius is its approach to the development of its tourism industry The Mauritius Tourism Authority oversees the industry and ensures that environmental and natural resources are protected The agency is also responsible for marketing Mauritius as a luxury vacation spot managing tourist attractions and granting various licenses (Mauritius Tourism Authority no date) Creating a luxury tourist brand and allowing local and international investors to develop the brand proved to be an excellent strategy and Mauritius has reaped the financial rewards (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) After independence the government of Mauritius understood the need for societal reforms and thus implemented a number of policies that paved the way for economic success To deal with ethnic discord and underrepresentation of certain groups a political system in which all groups are represented was developed Mauritius also decided against having an army In addition free education became the right of every Mauritian (Frankel 2010) Against this social and political backdrop Mauritius has continued to prosper
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 5
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Teachings Possible pitfallswhat to avoid shy with possible solutions
While Mauri뛕us has been economic prowess one of the most prevalent comments has been on the standard of educa뛕on and the educa뛕onal system In order to remain compe뛕뛕ve this should be considered as it will be significant if this is to be sustainable Will people see the country as more than just a tourist spot but rather a des뛕na뛕on of choice and home if they have school going age children Will this become a place for business tax haven seekers and re뛕rees
hpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_‐_master_0pdf ( last paragraph on p 16 men뛕ons the fact that Mauri뛕ans donrsquot have the special skills required for the service sector
Malta is seen as a robust and stable poli뛕cal space but perhaps needs to deal with its public debt Is Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2014 one step towards solving the problem
hpwwwindependentcommtar뛕cles2014‐07‐19opinionswith‐6‐bn‐of‐debt‐a‐welcome‐fiscal‐responsibility‐act‐5897355268
hpwwwimforgexternalpubs횦scr2016cr1621pdf
Conclusion
Could Mauri뛕us possibly be a catalyst to link small African states together Shared best prac뛕se etcbring CARICOM to Africa Embrace more ICT
References
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 6
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
tremendously (Frankel 2010) Mauritius has continued to expand its textile export base with the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act which provides easier access to the US market (CIA no date) In times of economic crisis the government of Mauritius is proactive and takes the necessary steps to strengthen the economy When economic progress stalled in the late 1970s Mauritius worked with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to make changes such as lsquofiscal stabilisation exchange rate alignment income policy heterodox trade liberalisation and financial consolidationrsquo which revived the economy Similarly when the sugar and textile agreements with the EU ended and Mauritius lost its special exporter status it responded by branching out into financial services and ICT and by changing its focus from manufacturing inexpensive products to designing and making highshyend products (Vandemoortele and Bird p 16) Furthermore Mauritius attempted to remove obstacles to starting a business by enacting the Business Facilitation Act of 2006 which makes it possible for companies to be operational within days (Zafar 2011) Another factor in the success of Mauritius is its approach to the development of its tourism industry The Mauritius Tourism Authority oversees the industry and ensures that environmental and natural resources are protected The agency is also responsible for marketing Mauritius as a luxury vacation spot managing tourist attractions and granting various licenses (Mauritius Tourism Authority no date) Creating a luxury tourist brand and allowing local and international investors to develop the brand proved to be an excellent strategy and Mauritius has reaped the financial rewards (Vandemoortele and Bird 2011) After independence the government of Mauritius understood the need for societal reforms and thus implemented a number of policies that paved the way for economic success To deal with ethnic discord and underrepresentation of certain groups a political system in which all groups are represented was developed Mauritius also decided against having an army In addition free education became the right of every Mauritian (Frankel 2010) Against this social and political backdrop Mauritius has continued to prosper
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 5
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Teachings Possible pitfallswhat to avoid shy with possible solutions
While Mauri뛕us has been economic prowess one of the most prevalent comments has been on the standard of educa뛕on and the educa뛕onal system In order to remain compe뛕뛕ve this should be considered as it will be significant if this is to be sustainable Will people see the country as more than just a tourist spot but rather a des뛕na뛕on of choice and home if they have school going age children Will this become a place for business tax haven seekers and re뛕rees
hpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_‐_master_0pdf ( last paragraph on p 16 men뛕ons the fact that Mauri뛕ans donrsquot have the special skills required for the service sector
Malta is seen as a robust and stable poli뛕cal space but perhaps needs to deal with its public debt Is Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2014 one step towards solving the problem
hpwwwindependentcommtar뛕cles2014‐07‐19opinionswith‐6‐bn‐of‐debt‐a‐welcome‐fiscal‐responsibility‐act‐5897355268
hpwwwimforgexternalpubs횦scr2016cr1621pdf
Conclusion
Could Mauri뛕us possibly be a catalyst to link small African states together Shared best prac뛕se etcbring CARICOM to Africa Embrace more ICT
References
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 6
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Teachings Possible pitfallswhat to avoid shy with possible solutions
While Mauri뛕us has been economic prowess one of the most prevalent comments has been on the standard of educa뛕on and the educa뛕onal system In order to remain compe뛕뛕ve this should be considered as it will be significant if this is to be sustainable Will people see the country as more than just a tourist spot but rather a des뛕na뛕on of choice and home if they have school going age children Will this become a place for business tax haven seekers and re뛕rees
hpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_‐_master_0pdf ( last paragraph on p 16 men뛕ons the fact that Mauri뛕ans donrsquot have the special skills required for the service sector
Malta is seen as a robust and stable poli뛕cal space but perhaps needs to deal with its public debt Is Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2014 one step towards solving the problem
hpwwwindependentcommtar뛕cles2014‐07‐19opinionswith‐6‐bn‐of‐debt‐a‐welcome‐fiscal‐responsibility‐act‐5897355268
hpwwwimforgexternalpubs횦scr2016cr1621pdf
Conclusion
Could Mauri뛕us possibly be a catalyst to link small African states together Shared best prac뛕se etcbring CARICOM to Africa Embrace more ICT
References
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 6
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Central Intelligence Agency (no date) The World Factbook Available at httpswwwciagovlibrarypublicationstheshyworldshyfactbookgeosmphtml [accessed 3 September 2016]
European Commission (2016) European Capitals of Culture Available at httpseceuropaeuprogrammescreativeshyeuropeactionscapitalsshyculture_en [accessed 3 September 2016]
FinanceMalta (2014) About FinanceMalta Available at httpwwwfinancemaltaorgaboutshyfinanceshymalta [accessed 2 September 2016]
Frankel JA (2010) Mauritius African Success Story NBER Working Paper Series pp 1shy42 Available at httpwwwnberorgpapersw16569pdf [access 3 September 2016]
Grech JC (2004) Malta A Permanent Process of Innovation in Tourism OECD Available at httpswwwoecdorgcfetourism34268084pdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Hedgecoe G (2014) Malta An Attractive Investment Location The Report Company Available at httpwwwtheshyreportcomreportsmaltaopenshyforshybusinessshyandshylookingshyeastanshyattractiveshyinvestmentshylocation [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme Available at httpiipgovmt [accessed 2 September 2016]
Identity Malta (no date) Individual Investor Programme of the Republic of Malta Available at httpiipgovmtwpshycontentuploads201407IIPshyBrochureshyv12_updatedpdf [accessed 2 September 2016]
Malta Enterprise (2016) About Malta Enterprise Available at httpwwwmaltaenterprisecomaboutshymaltashyenterprise [accessed 2 September 2016]
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 7
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Malta Tourism Authority (no date) What to See and Do Available at httpwwwvisitmaltacom [accessed 3 September 2016]
Mauritius Tourism Authority (no date) About the Mauritius Tourism Authority Available at httptagovshymuorgEnglishPagesdefaultaspx [accessed 4 September 2016]
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2016) Harness Maltarsquos Geopolitical Relevance Available at httpforeignaffairsgovmtenPagesGeopoliticalshyRelevanceaspx [accessed 1 September 2016]
Vandermoortele M and Bird K (2011) Progress in Economic Conditions Sustained Success Against the Odds in Mauritius Overseas Development Institute Available at httpwwwdevelopmentprogressorgsitesdevelopmentprogressorgfilesresource_reportmauritius_report_shy_master_0pdf [accessed 3 September 2016]
Zafar A (2011) Mauritius An Economic Success Story [Draft] Available at httpsiteresourcesworldbankorgAFRICAEXTResourcesMauritius_successpdf [accessed 4 September 2016]
World Travel and Tourism Council 2015 Malta httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015malta2015pdf
World Travel and Tourism COuncil 2015 Mauritius
httpswwwwttcorgshymediafilesreportseconomic20impact20researchcountries202015mauritius2015pdf
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 8
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Notes
1 Map of Malta
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 9
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2 Map of Mauri뛕us
3 Malta Public Debt
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 10
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
httpcountryeconomycomnationalshydebtmalta hpwwwmaltatodaycommtbusinessbusiness_news48755malta_has_second_biggest_drop_in_na뛕onal_debt_in_the_eu
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 11
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 12
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 13
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 14
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
Economic Freedom comparison scale of Global Malta and Mauri뛕us
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 15
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16
Group 5 paper‐ Diplomacy of Small States
2016 Index of World Economic Freedom
hpwwwheritageorgindexvisualizecnts=malta|mauri뛕usampsrc=country
Presented by Yolanda Taylor and Jessica Rees‐Jones 21 st Century Diplomacy 1607 Assignment 25 August 2016Page 16