Group 3 RA9344

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RA 9344

Group 3WOMEN AND CHILDREN

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The LawRA 9344 CICL

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RA 9344 The Juvenile Ju !i"e an#Wel$are A"!

Thi law %e"a&e e'e"!ive on Ma( )*+)**,I! I&ple&en!in- Rule an# Re-ula!ion .IRR/ wereena"!e# on 0ep!e&%er 19+ )**,2

Thi law wa "ra$!e# a$!er repea!e# a"! o$ i&pri onin-

li!!le "hil#ren2 Appalle# %( u"h pra"!i"e !hein!erna!ional "o&&uni!( #e&an#e# $or "er!ain na!ion +!he hilippine in"lu#e#+ !o a#here !o N Conven!ion onChil# Ri-h! .199*/+ whi"h !he hilippine i a i-na!or(!o2

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Ar!2 4* o$ !he N Conven!ion onChil# Ri-h!

Ri-h! o$ CICL !o le-al help an# $air !rea!&en! ina 5u !i"e ( !e& !ha! re pe"! !heir ri-h! 2

To e! a &ini&u& a-e %elow whi"h "hil#ren"anno! %e hel# "ri&inall( re pon i%le

To provi#e !he &ini&u& -uaran!ee $or !he$airne an# 6ui"7 re olu!ion o$ 5u#i"ial oral!erna!ive pro"ee#in-

ly

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hilippine Law .%e$ore RA 9344/Na!ional Law pro!e"!in- !he Ri-h! o$ Chil#ren inCon:i"! wi!h !he Law .CICL/were li&i!e#2

2D2 No2 ,*3 or !he Chil# an# ;ou!h Wel$are Co#epelle# ou! pe"ial pro"e#ure in han#lin- CICL 0!u#ie

howe# a -ap in !he i&ple&en!a!ion o$ !he law2

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Wha! #i# RA 9344 #o=I! e! a new &ini&u& a-e !an#ar#2

n#er R C i! wa 1/ "hil# un#er 9 (ear o$ a-e .nonee# #i "ern&en!/ an# )/ a "hil# who wa 9 !o un#er1> (ear o$ a-e wi!hou! #i "ern&en! !ha! wa

e?e&p!e#2 RA 9344 in"rea e# u"hI! -ave !he Ju#-e -rea!er power !o a e i$ !he"hil# ha# DI0CERNMENT2

There i #i "ern&en! when !he &inor 7now !he

"on e6uen"e an# "ir"u& !an"e o$ hi a"! 2

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Wha! #i# RA 9344 #o=

I! provi#e# $a"ili!ie $or !he "hil#renepara!e $ro& !he pri on $a"ili!ie o$

!he a#ul! 2

I! in!ro#u"e# !he au!o&a!i" u pen iono$ en!en"e2

rovi#e# a pre u&p!ion o$ &inori!(2

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Trea!&en! o$ Chil#ren %elow !hea-e o$ "ri&inal re pon i%ili!(

Relea e !he "hil# i&&e#ia!el( o$ !heparen! or -uar#ian2

No!i$( !he lo"al o"ial wel$are an#

#evelop&en! o@"er !o #e!er&ine !heappropria!e pro-ra& in "on ul!a!ionwi!h !he "hil#2

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Trea!&en! o$ Chil#ren %elow !hea-e o$ "ri&inal re pon i%ili!(

I$ paren! or -uar#ian "anno! %e lo"a!e# or re$u e !o !a7e"u !o#(+ relea e !he "hil# !o an( o$ !he $ollowin-

A #ul( re-i !ere# NGO or Reli-iou Or-aniBa!ion A %aran-a( o@"ial or an( &e&%er o$ !he %aran-a( "oun"il $or

!he pro!e"!ion o$ "hil#ren2 Lo"al o"ial wel$are an# #evelop&en! o@"er or DW0D2

n#er No Cir"u& !an"e will !he( %e %rou-h! !o a#e!en!ion $a"ili!(2

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ro"e#ure $or !a7in- !he "hil# in!o"u !o#(

12 E?plain !o !he "hil# in i&ple lan-ua-e in a#iale"! !ha! he he "an un#er !an# wh( he hei %ein- pla"e# un#er "u !o#( an# !he o'en ehe he alle-e#l( "o&&i!!e#

)2 roperl( i#en!i$( hi& el$ her el$ an# pre en!proper i#en!i "a!ion !o !he "hil#

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32 Re$rain $ro& u in- vul-ar or pro$ane wor# an#$ro& e?uall( hara in- or a%u in- or &a7in-

e?ual a#van"e on !he "hil# in "on:i"! wi!h !helaw

42 Avoi# #i pla(in- or u in- an( rear&+ weapon+han#"u' or o!her in !ru&en! o$ $or"e orre !rain!+ unle a% olu!el( ne"e ar( an# onl(a$!er all o!her &e!ho# o$ "on!rol have %een

e?hau !e# an# have $aile#

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>2Re$rain $ro& u%5e"!in- !he "hil# in"on:i"! wi!h !he law !o -rea!erre !rain! !han i ne"e ar( $or hi her

apprehen ion,2 Avoi# violen"e an# unne"e ar( $or"eF2De!er&ine !he a-e o$ !he "hil#

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2 I&&e#ia!el( %u! no! la!er !han hour a$!erapprehen ion+ !urn over "u !o#( o$ !he "hil# !o !he0o"ial Wel$are an# Develop&en! o@"e or o!hera""re#i!e# NGO an# no!i$( !he "hil# apprehen ion2

The o"ial wel$are #evelop&en! o@"er hall e?plain !o!he "hil# an# !he "hil# paren! -uar#ian !he"on e6uen"e o$ !he "hil# a"! wi!h a view !owar#"oun elin- an# reha%ili!a!ion+ #iver ion $ro& !he"ri&inal 5u !i"e ( !e& an# repara!ion+ i$ appropria!e2

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92 Ta7e !he "hil# i&&e#ia!el( !o !heproper &e#i"al an# heal!h o@"er $or a!horou-h ph( i"al an# &en!al

e?a&ina!ion2 The e?a&ina!ion re ul!hall %e 7ep! "on #en!ial unleo!herwi e or#ere# %( !he

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1*2 Ma7e ure !ha! all !a!e&en! i-ne# %( !he "hil##urin- inve !i-a!ion hall %e wi!ne e# %( !he "hil#paren! or -uar#ian + o"ial wor7er or le-al "oun el ina!!en#an"e who hall a@? hi her i-na!ure !o !he

!a!e&en!2

A "hil# in "on:i"! wi!h !he law hall onl( %e ear"he#%( !he law en$or"e&en! o@"er o$ !he a&e -en#eran# hall no! %e lo"7e# up in a #e!en!ion "ell2

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Juri pru#en"e

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eople v 2 Ga&%aoF*, 0CRA >* + O"!o%er 11+ )*13

Lu"ia Chan h

#ealer Manila

Dilan-alenan# Mr2 K

A !

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Lu"ia Chan h#ealer Manila

Dilan-alen

an# Mr2 K

Ch7i#nap

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The 7iw4

In"lu#e# in!he -roup

wa a 1F (earol# -irl

erepenian

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oli"ein!er"ep!e# The -roup o

7i#nappewere arre

i#napper&e! wi!hChan#au-h!er

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Arrai-n&en!lea o$ -uil!(

The RTC hel# !he -rin"lu#in- erepenian

i#nappin- $or Ran

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Issue:W N !he "ri&inal lia%ili!( o$

erpenian i proper pur uan! !o

RA 9344=

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A""or#in- !o RA 9344+ !here i a nee# !o#e!er&ine whe!her erenian acted with orwithout discernment 2

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The Cour! !oo7 no!e o$ !he RTC o% erva!ion#urin- erenian !rial !ha! she lied abouther real name, age, address because shewas scared of being identi ed with thegroup

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Di po i!ionur uan! !o e"!ion 4*+ RA 9344+en!en"e "anno! %e u pen#e# a !he

&a?i&u& a-e i )1 (ear ol#+ where aerenian wa 31 (ear ol# a! !he

pro&ul-a!ion o$ 5u#-&en!2

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I erepenian a prin"ipal or ana""o&pli"e onl(=

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I erepenian a prin"ipal or anaccomplice onl(=

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ro e"u!ion #i# no! pre en! u@"ien!evi#en"e !o hol# her lia%le a a prin"ipal

in"e erpenian entered the roomwhere !han was being held and just

conversed with the other membersof the group that was not related tothe kidnappingHowever+ $or %ein- pre en! an# -ivin-

&oral uppor!+ he i lia%le a an

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!omment:We a-ree wi!h !he 0C #e"i ion on no!appl(in- !he CICL in"e %( !he !i&e o$pro&ul-a!ion o$ 5u#-&en!+ erpenianwa alrea#( %e(on# !he )1 (ear ol#

li&i! o$ !he law2

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eople v 2 Man!ala%aGR 1 ,))F+ Jul( 11+ )*11

Ta 7

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A !ea& o$ poli"e o@"er "on#u"!e# a%u( %u ! opera!ion2 in- &ar7e#

&one(+ !wo po eur %u(erapproa"he# Man!ala%a an# %ou-h!

ha%u $ro& hi&2

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oli"e o@"er&a#e inven!or(2

La%ora!or(e?a&ina!ion

po i!ive o$ 0HA

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The RTC $oun# Man!ala-uil!(2

CA a@r&e# Rulin- o$RTC2

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Issue "#:W N Man!ala%a i -uil!(=

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Issue "$:W N Man!ala%a "an avail

au!o&a!i" u pen ion o$ hi

en!en"e $ollowin- RA 9344=

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The appellan! le# hi no!i"e o$ appeal a! !he a-e o$19 .)**>/+ hen"e+ when RA 9344 %e"a&e e'e"!ive in)**,+ appellan! wa )* (ear ol#+ an# !he "a ehavin- %een eleva!e# !o !he CA+ !he la!!er houl#have u pen#e# !he en!en"e o$ !he appellan!%e"au e he wa alrea#( en!i!le# !o !he provi ion o$0e"!ion 3 o$ !he a&e law+ whi"h now allow !he

u pen ion o$ en!en"e o$ &inor re-ar#le o$ !hepenal!( i&po e# a oppo e# !o !he provi ion o$Ar!i"le 19) o$ 2D2 *32

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Di po i!ion The appellan! hall %e en!i!le# !o appropria!e

#i po i!ion un#er 0e"!ion >1 o$ RA No2 9344+whi"h provi#e $or !he "on ne&en! o$"onvi"!e# "hil#ren in Agricultural Camps other Training Facilities.

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Co&&en!

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

AAA+ a 1, (ear ol# $ro& Lanao #el Nor!e+-ra#ua!e# hi-h "hool

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

0he "ele%ra!e# !he ni-h! ou! wi!h $rien# + in"lu#in-!he #e$en#an! Cara&pa!ana+ Al6uiBola .wa!"her o$Al6uiBola Lo#-in- Hou e/+ an# Opor!o .al o a &inor/

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

AAA+ lai# her hea# on Opor!o lap+ a$!er $eelin-#iBB(2 Opor!o !ar!e# 7i in- her+ whi"h an-ere#AAA+ %u! her "o&panion 5u ! lau-he# a! !hi 2

The a""u e# "on!inue# !o 7i an# -ive her ho! o$li6uor2 Thin- e "ala!e# an# !he ne?! !hin- AAA7new wa he $oun# her el$ na7e# on a %e#+ in

Al6uiBola Lo#-in- Hou e+ wi!h Opor!o on !op o$ her+7i in- her an# havin- in!er"our e wi!h her2

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

0he "rie# an# $ell a leep2 0he wo7e up a-ain an#!hi !i&e Cara&pa!ana wa havin- in!er"our e

wi!h her2 When he wen! ho&e !ha! &ornin-+ he!ol# her paren! he wa rape#2 Her &o!her %ea!

her %u! al o en! her !o !he ho pi!al $or ane?a&ina!ion2 Ho pi!al no!e# !ha! !here were ol#la"era!ion $oun# in AAA h(&en . u--e !in-!hi wa no! her r ! !i&e $or in!er"our e/ an#

e&en2

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

The RTC $oun#Cara&pa!ana+ Al6uiBo.a an a""o&pli"e %(

provi#in- !he venue/+ anOpor!o -uil!( o$ rape2

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

The CA rever e# !he RTC #e"i ioan# %a e# !heir rea on en!irel( o!he #e$en#an! !e !i&onie .!haAAA wa pro&i "uou an#"on en!e# !o !he e?ual a"! %( n

howin- ph( i"al re i !an"e+#i "oun!in- !he $a"! !ha! !he( -o!her in!o?i"a!e# #eli%era!el(/2

CA al o !re e# !ha! AAA &o!her unu ual rea"!ion o$hi!!in- her wa in"on i !en! wi!h !ha! o$ a paren! who $oun#

ou! her #au-h!er wa rape#2

l

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

Issue:W N !he CA a"!e# in -rave a%u e

o$ i! #i "re!ion=

l 2 CA

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

ATEN

N LLI

CA

#e"i ion

l 2 CA

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

Duero"e

PI! appear !ha! inrea"hin- i! 5u#-&e!he CA &erel( relie#!he evi#en"e pre en

%( !he #e$en e an#u!!erl( #i re-ar#e#!ha! o$ !hepro e"u!ion2Q

l 2 CA

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

CAAAA wa "on "iou

Never howe# an(ph( i"al re i !an"e

Never "rie# ou! $orhelp

Never $ou-h! a-ain !re pon#en!

0CAAA wa %&'(I)* I+T -I!'T&

All ele&en! o$ rape wa pre

O'en#er ha# "arnal 7nowle#an#

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

CAAAA a-ree# #i# no!

hou! or o'er an(ph( i"al re i !en"e

0CDe$en e !e !i&on( were unan# in"re#i%le

De$en e havin- a rehear e#wi!ne

l 2 CA

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

Di po i!ion0in"e Opor!o wa a &inor #urin- !he!i&e he rape# AAA+ RA 9344 &u ! appl(!o hi&2

Ca e re&an#e# !o lower "our! $or properappli"a!ion

l 2 CA

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

Sec. 51. Confnement o Convicted Children in Agricultural Camps and Other Training Facilities A child in confict with the law may, a ter conviction and

upon order o the court, be made to serve his/hersentence in lieu o confnement in a regular penal

institution , in an agricultural camp andother training acilities that may be

established, maintained, supervised and controlled bythe B C!", in coordination with the #$%#.

l 2 CA

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eople v 2 CAGR 1 3,>>)+ + )*1>

!omment:CICL are en!i!le# !o appropria!e #i po i!ion un#er

0e"!ion >1+ RA 9344+ whi"h e?!en# even !o one whoha e?"ee#e# !he a-e li&i! o$ )1 (ear + o lon- a he

"o&&i!!e# !he "ri&e when he wa !ill a "hil#2 The "a e!oo7 more than ten years !o %e re olve#2 Thi un$or!una!e pee#+ an# no! un"o&&on in !he "oun!r(2Curiou l(+ !he Cour! o$ Appeal wa quick to reverthe ndings and decision of the /T! .even !h

!he inve !i-a!ion an# $a"! lai# ou! were !ron- an#"lear2

A!iB # 2 l

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A!iBa#o v 2 eopleG2R2 1F3 ))+ O"!o%er 13+ )*1*

'ti0ano and 1ontreal barged in on the house of.esder

A!iBa#o v 2 eople

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2here )lona was a guest and they suddenlyshot at )lona 'fter the shooting, they 3ed

A!iBa#o v 2 eople

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/T! convicted 'ti0adoand 1onreal for thecrime of murder andsentenced them withreclusion perpetua

n appeal to the !', thecourt a4rmed /T!5sdecision 6 1/ denied

%ence, this petition

A!iBa#o v 2 eople

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%owever, it appears that 7alvador1onreal was a minor of #8 years atthe time of the commission of thecrime, as proved by his counter9a4davit, the police blotter, and thetestimony of one of the defensewitnesses

ut no irth !erti cate was everpresented during trial

A!iBa#o v 2 eople

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I77;&:2

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.isposition:

The penalty imposed on 1onreal is incorrect in view of his minority

;nder 'rticle $>? of the /@!, the penalty for murder is reclusion

perpetua to death

ut reclusion perpetua was not the correct penalty for 1onreal due to

his being a minor over #A but under #? years of age

/T! and the !' did not appreciate 1onreal5s minority at the time of

the commission of the murder probably because his birth certi cate

was not presented at the trial

1onreal was a minor below #? years of age when the crime was

committed on ' ril #? #BB> as attested to b the numerous evidences

A!iBa#o v 2 eople

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1onreal5s minority was legally su4cient, for it conformed with

the norms subsequently set under 7ection 8 of /epublic 'ct +o

BC>>:

7ection 8 !etermination o Age. 9 The child in con3ict with

the law shall enjoy the presumption of minority %e

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'pplying the Indeterminate 7entence )aw, the imposable

penalty should be prision mayor in any of its periods, as a

minimum period, up to reclusion temporal in its medium

period, as the maGimum

1onreal has been detained for over #F years, that is, from

the time of his arrest on 1ay #?, #BB> until the present

This is in consonance with the retroactivity of the law D/'

BC>>E for children who have been convicted and are currently

serving their sentences pursuant of 7ection F? thereof

A!iBa#o v 2 eople

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!omments:

This case illustrates the application ofretroactivity of the law insofar as it bene ts theminor even though he is already serving hissentence This is but proper given thebenevolent purpose of the law, which is to

eGpress the application of restorative justice tochildren in con3ict with the law /estorative justice is a system focusing on the rehabilitationof the o=ender and their reintegration intosociety

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Hurthermore, this case illustrates the mandate of thecourts, and the prosecution, in eGerting all e=orts toascertain the age of the accused &ven despite thefailure of presenting a birth certi cate, the fact ofminority can be established by other facts, andshould be properly appreciated by the courts

%owever, despite the eGpress provision of the law,personally it seems more appropriate to limit theeGtent of the application of this leniency to minorsdepending on the severity of the crime committed

Hu%illa v 2 eople

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Hu%illa v 2 eopleG2R2 No2 1F,1*)+ Nove&%er ),+ )*14

/osal %ubilla stabbed the victim ason using a bladed weapon

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The victim was later brought to a %ospital where he stayed for more than amonth however, when the victim went back to the hospital for a check9up,it was discovered that his stab wound had a complication The victim wassubjected to another operation, but died the day after, due to organ failureoverwhelming infection, and that the underlined cause of death was a stab

d

Hu%illa v 2 eople

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The petitioner was charged with homicidin the /egional Trial !ourt of +aga !ityand after trial was found guilty and wsentenced to su=er the indeterminapenalty of imprisonment for four yeand one day of prision correccional,minimum, to eight years and one day

prision mayor, as maGimum

!' a4rmed /T!5s decision

%ence, this petition

Hu%illa v 2 eople

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I00 E

I2 W N e!i!ioner wa en!i!le# !o !he %ene ! o$ pro%a!ion an#u pen ion o$ en!en"e un#er Repu%li" A"! No2 93442

II2 W N W N i&po in- !he penal!( o$ i&pri on&en! "on!ravene#!he provi ion o$ Repu%li" A"! No2 9344 an# o!her in!erna!ional

a-ree&en! 2

Hu%illa v 2 eople

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.isposition:

I The petitioner is not entitled to the bene ts of probation;nder the Indeterminate 7entence )aw, the minimum of theindeterminate sentence should be within the penalty neGt lowerthan the imposable penalty /epublic 'ct +o BC>> nowhereallows the trial and appellate courts the discretion to reduce orlower the penalty further, even for the sake of enabling thechild in con3ict with the law to qualify for probation

The petitioner is also not entitled to the suspension of hissentence although 7ection C? of /epublic 'ct +o BC>> allowsthe suspension of the sentence of a child in con3ict with thelaw adjudged as guilty of a crime, the suspension is availableonly until the child o=ender turns $# years of age, pursuant to7ection >J of /epublic 'ct +o BC>>

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Thus, even if the petitioner here was then a

minor at the time of the commission of the crime,

being #8 years, four months and $? days old when

he committed the homicide, he was already well

over $C years of age at the time of his conviction for

homicide by the /T! on uly #B, $JJF %ence, the

suspension of his sentence was no longer legally

feasible or permissible

Hu%illa v 2 eople

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II The penalty of imprisonment did not violate the

provisions of /' BC>> because the penalty was

imposed as a last recourse after holding him to be

disquali ed from probation and from the suspension of

his sentence, and the term of his imprisonment was for

the shortest duration permitted by the law

International agreements on the administration of

juvenile justice are also consistent in recogni0ing that

imprisonment is a valid form of disposition, provided it

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Hollowing 7ection A# of /epublic 'ct +o BC>>,

the petitioner, although he has to serve his

sentence, may serve it in an agricultural camp or

other training facilities to be established,

maintained, supervised and controlled by the

ureau of !orrections, in coordination with the

.epartment of 7ocial 2elfare and .evelopment, in a

manner consistent with the o=ender child5s best

interest 7uch service of sentence will be in lieu of

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!omment:It is harsh that the minor in this case was

not quali ed to apply for probation andsuspension of his sentence 'fter all, theaccused minor cannot be deemed to

understand fully the consequences of hisactions since he is not yet mentally mature%owever, as the latin maGim goes, Kdura leGsed leG K99 the law is harsh but it is the law

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