Group 1 Presentation

ProprietaryProprietaryOperating systemOperating system

GROUP 1GROUP 1

Group leader:Group leader:

Marivic MontieroMarivic Montiero

Group member:Group member:

Arlyn MaderaArlyn Madera Jennifer Jennifer EraEra

Jennylyn CasinoJennylyn CasinoAlvin Alvin CadsawanCadsawan

• Proprietary software includes Proprietary software includes freeware and and shareware..

Software distributions considered as proprietary may in fact Software distributions considered as proprietary may in fact incorporate a "mixed source" model including both free and incorporate a "mixed source" model including both free and non-free software in the same distribution. Most if not all non-free software in the same distribution. Most if not all so-called proprietary so-called proprietary UNIX distributions are mixed source distributions are mixed source software, bundling open source components like software, bundling open source components like BIND, , Sendmail, , X Window System, , DHCP, and others along with a , and others along with a purely proprietary purely proprietary kernel and system utilities. and system utilities.

For some For some free software, the same laws used by proprietary , the same laws used by proprietary software are used to preserve the rights to use, copy and software are used to preserve the rights to use, copy and modify the software. This technique is called modify the software. This technique is called copyleft

ProprietaryProprietary

ACORNACORN

• It was a semi-professional system aimed at It was a semi-professional system aimed at engineering and laboratory users, but its engineering and laboratory users, but its price was low enough, at around £80, to price was low enough, at around £80, to appeal to the more serious enthusiast as appeal to the more serious enthusiast as well. It was a very small machine built on well. It was a very small machine built on two cards, one with an two cards, one with an LED display, keypad, display, keypad, and and cassette interface (the circuitry to the (the circuitry to the left of the keypad), and the other with the left of the keypad), and the other with the rest of the computer (including the rest of the computer (including the CPU). ). Almost all CPU signals were accessible via a Almost all CPU signals were accessible via a Eurocard connector. connector.

ACORN

Arthur (operating system)Arthur (operating system)

• It was bundled with a primitive desktop It was bundled with a primitive desktop graphical user interface (GUI). It features a (GUI). It features a colour-scheme typically described as "colour-scheme typically described as "technicolour". Its earlier revisions were very ". Its earlier revisions were very buggy, and was only really meant to be a , and was only really meant to be a placeholder until RISC OS 2 (a name chosen placeholder until RISC OS 2 (a name chosen instead of Arthur 2) was completed.instead of Arthur 2) was completed.

• The graphical desktop runs on top of a The graphical desktop runs on top of a command-line driven operating system driven operating system derived from Acorn's earlier derived from Acorn's earlier MOS operating operating system for its system for its BBC Micro range of range of 8-bit microcomputers.microcomputers.

ARXARX

• ARX was a pre-emptive ARX was a pre-emptive multitasking, , multithreading, multi-user operating , multi-user operating system. Much of the OS ran in system. Much of the OS ran in user mode and as a result suffered performance and as a result suffered performance problems due to switches into problems due to switches into kernel mode to perform to perform mutexes, which led to the , which led to the introduction of the SWP instruction to the introduction of the SWP instruction to the instruction set of the ARM3 version of the instruction set of the ARM3 version of the ARM processor. This suggests that ARX had ARM processor. This suggests that ARX had a a microkernel-type design.-type design.

MOS

• Machine Operating SystemMachine Operating System was a was a computer computer operating system used in the used in the Acorn BBC computer range. It included Acorn BBC computer range. It included support for four-channel sound and support for four-channel sound and graphics, file system abstraction, and graphics, file system abstraction, and digital and analogue I/O including a digital and analogue I/O including a daisy-chained fast expansion bus. The daisy-chained fast expansion bus. The implementation was single-tasking, implementation was single-tasking, monolithic and non re-entrant.monolithic and non re-entrant.

RISC OSRISC OS

• Single user, Single user, co-operative multitasking, , Single Threaded -Single Threaded - While most current While most current desktop operating systems use desktop operating systems use pre-emptive multitasking (PMT) and (PMT) and multithreading, RISC , RISC OS remains with co-operative multitasking OS remains with co-operative multitasking system. Although this is preferential for RISC system. Although this is preferential for RISC OS' many embedded applications, many OS' many embedded applications, many users have called for the OS to migrate to users have called for the OS to migrate to PMT. The OS also has only rudimentary PMT. The OS also has only rudimentary memory protection

RISC IXRISC IX• RISC iXRISC iX was a was a Unix-like operating system

designed to run on the designed to run on the Acorn Archimedes. . Heavily based on Heavily based on 4.3BSD, it was initially , it was initially completed in 1988 — a year after completed in 1988 — a year after Arthur but but prior to prior to RISC OS. Its relationship to . Its relationship to ARX is is unknown.unknown.

• The native The native file system implemented a implemented a transparent transparent file compression mechanism mechanism and the console featured a two-cursor text and the console featured a two-cursor text copying mechanism inspired by Acorn's own copying mechanism inspired by Acorn's own earlier earlier 8-bit range including the range including the BBC Micro . .

AMIGAAMIGA

• The The AmigaAmiga was a family of was a family of personal computers originally developed by originally developed by Amiga Corporation..

• The Amiga provided a significant upgrade from 8-The Amiga provided a significant upgrade from 8-bit computers such as the bit computers such as the Commodore 64, and , and the Amiga quickly grew in popularity among the Amiga quickly grew in popularity among computer enthusiasts, especially in computer enthusiasts, especially in Europe, and , and sold approximately 6 million units.sold approximately 6 million units.

AMIGA

AMIGA OSAMIGA OS

• AmigaOSAmigaOS is the default native is the default native operating system of the of the Amiga personal computer. It was personal computer. It was developed first by developed first by Commodore International, and , and initially introduced in 1985 with the initially introduced in 1985 with the Amiga 1000. . It runs on the It runs on the Motorola 68k series of series of 16-bit and and 32-bit microprocessors, except for , except for AmigaOS 4 which runs on which runs on PowerPC microprocessors. microprocessors.

•AmigaOS can be divided into two parts: the Kickstart (ROM) and Workbench disks.

AMIGA OS VERSIONSAMIGA OS VERSIONS

• The first AmigaOS was nicknamed The first AmigaOS was nicknamed WorkbenchWorkbench from the name of its from the name of its GUI Interface, due to an error of Interface, due to an error of Commodore Marketing and Sales Commodore Marketing and Sales Department, which labeled the OS Department, which labeled the OS disk just with the name "Workbench disk just with the name "Workbench Disk" and not with the correct name Disk" and not with the correct name "AmigaOS Disk (Workbench)"."AmigaOS Disk (Workbench)".

AMIGAOS 4AMIGAOS 4

• AmigaOS 4AmigaOS 4 (OS4, AOS4) is a line of (OS4, AOS4) is a line of Amiga operating systems which runs on PowerPC which runs on PowerPC microprocessors.microprocessors.•The first AmigaOS was nicknamed Workbench from the

name of its Graphical user interface (GUI), due to an error of Commodore Marketing and Sales Department, which labeled the OS disk just with the name "Workbench Disk" and not with the correct name "AmigaOS Disk (Workbench)".

AMIGA 4.1AMIGA 4.1

• JXFS filesystem with the support for drives and partitions of filesystem with the support for drives and partitions of multiple terabyte sizemultiple terabyte size

• New and improved DOS functionality (full 64 bit support, New and improved DOS functionality (full 64 bit support, universal notification support, automatic expunge and universal notification support, automatic expunge and reload of updated disk resources) reload of updated disk resources)

• Improved 3D hardware accelerated screen-dragging Improved 3D hardware accelerated screen-dragging • Intelligent memory paging Intelligent memory paging • Hardware compositing engine (Hardware compositing engine (Radeon R1xx and R2xx R1xx and R2xx

family) family) • Implementation of the Implementation of the Cairo device-independent 2D device-independent 2D

rendering library rendering library • Improved Improved Workbench functionality functionality • Reworked Warp3D Radeon drivers with new functionality Reworked Warp3D Radeon drivers with new functionality • Reworked AmiDock with true transparency Reworked AmiDock with true transparency

AMIGA UNIXAMIGA UNIX• Unlike Unlike Apple's 's A/UX, Amiga Unix contained no , Amiga Unix contained no

compatibility layer to allow compatibility layer to allow AmigaOS applications applications to run under Unix. to run under Unix.

•Amiga Unix included the source code to the vendor-specific enhancements and platform-dependent device drivers (essentially any part that wasn't owned by AT&T), allowing interested users to study or enhance those parts of the system. However this source code was subject to the same license terms as the binary part of the system - it was not open source.

APOLLOAPOLLO

APOLLOAPOLLO

• Along with Along with Symbolics and and Sun Microsystems, Apollo was one of the , Apollo was one of the first vendors of graphical workstations in first vendors of graphical workstations in the 1980s the 1980s

• Apollo machines used a proprietary Apollo machines used a proprietary operating system, Aegis/Domain during a operating system, Aegis/Domain during a period when Unix was becoming standard period when Unix was becoming standard for machines of this classfor machines of this class..

AEGISAEGIS

• AEGIS was similar to other workstations AEGIS was similar to other workstations of the time, in that it used a high-of the time, in that it used a high-resolution graphics screen and mouse resolution graphics screen and mouse to provide a type of to provide a type of GUI which, which, however, lacked almost all the tools however, lacked almost all the tools (such as a directory browser) taken for (such as a directory browser) taken for granted today - the single exception granted today - the single exception being a being a Notepad-like -like text editor. . Instead, the user was given a Instead, the user was given a command line window. .

DOMAIN OSDOMAIN OS

• Domain/OS implemented Domain/OS implemented functionality derived from both functionality derived from both System V and early and early BSD Unix systems. It improved on AEGIS by systems. It improved on AEGIS by providing a core OS upon which the providing a core OS upon which the user could install any or all of three user could install any or all of three environments; AEGIS, System V Unix, ; AEGIS, System V Unix, and BSD Unix. and BSD Unix.

APPLEAPPLE

APPLEAPPLE

• Apple Computer, Inc.Apple Computer, Inc., is an , is an American multinational corporation which designs and which designs and manufactures manufactures consumer electronics and and software products. The company's best-known hardware products. The company's best-known hardware products include products include Macintosh computers, computers, iPod portable media players, and the portable media players, and the iPhone. Apple . Apple software includes the software includes the Mac OS X operating system, , the the iTunes media browser, the media browser, the iLife suite of suite of multimedia and creativity software, and multimedia and creativity software, and Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio- , a suite of professional audio- and film-industry software products. and film-industry software products.

APPLE DOSAPPLE DOS

• The original Apple II The original Apple II operating system was only the built-in was only the built-in BASIC interpreter interpreter contained in contained in ROM; most commercial ; most commercial Apple II software on disk, e.g. Apple II software on disk, e.g. educational games and productivity educational games and productivity programs, booted directly on the programs, booted directly on the hardware and either had no operating hardware and either had no operating system or incorporated one of its own system or incorporated one of its own (which was usually invisible to the (which was usually invisible to the user.) user.)

APPLE ProDosAPPLE ProDos

• ProDOS was marketed by Apple as ProDOS was marketed by Apple as meaing meaing Professional Disk Operating Professional Disk Operating SystemSystem, and became the most popular , and became the most popular operating system for the for the Apple IIs eries eries of of computers 10 months after its 10 months after its release in January 1983.release in January 1983.

• ProDOS also supported a ProDOS also supported a RAM disk on on machines with 128K or more of RAM.machines with 128K or more of RAM.

APPLE GS/OSAPPLE GS/OS

• GS/OSGS/OS is an is an operating environment developed by developed by Apple Computer for its for its Apple IIGS personal computer that uses the that uses the ProDOS filing system. It provides facilities filing system. It provides facilities for accessing the for accessing the file system, controlling , controlling input/output devices, loading and running input/output devices, loading and running program files, and a system allowing program files, and a system allowing programs to handle programs to handle interrupts and signals. and signals.

APPLE 111APPLE 111

• The Apple III was powered by a 2 The Apple III was powered by a 2 MHz SynerTek 6502A SynerTek 6502A 8-bit CPU and, and, like some of the more advanced like some of the more advanced machines in the Apple II family, used machines in the Apple II family, used bank switching techniques to address techniques to address up to 256 KB of memory (512 KB up to 256 KB of memory (512 KB with a third-party upgrade).with a third-party upgrade).

APPLE SOSAPPLE SOS

• SOS was a single-tasking operating system. A single SOS was a single-tasking operating system. A single program is loaded at boot time, called the interpreter. Once program is loaded at boot time, called the interpreter. Once running, the interpreter could then use the SOS API to make running, the interpreter could then use the SOS API to make requests of the system. The SOS API was divided into four requests of the system. The SOS API was divided into four main areas:main areas:

1.File Calls - create, destroy, rename, open, close, read, write 1.File Calls - create, destroy, rename, open, close, read, write files; set, get prefix (current working directory); set, get file files; set, get prefix (current working directory); set, get file information; get volume information; set, set mark, EOF, information; get volume information; set, set mark, EOF, and level of files and level of files

2.Device Calls - get status, device number, information of a 2.Device Calls - get status, device number, information of a device; send device control data device; send device control data

3.Memory Calls - Request, find, change, release memory 3.Memory Calls - Request, find, change, release memory segment;get segment information; set segment number segment;get segment information; set segment number

4.Utility Calls - get, set fence (event threshold); get, set time; 4.Utility Calls - get, set fence (event threshold); get, set time; get analog (joystick) data; terminate. get analog (joystick) data; terminate.

APPLE LISAAPPLE LISA

• The Lisa was a more advanced (and far The Lisa was a more advanced (and far more expensive) system than the more expensive) system than the Macintosh of that time in many respects, Macintosh of that time in many respects, such as its inclusion of such as its inclusion of protected memory, , cooperative multitasking, a generally more , a generally more sophisticated hard disk based sophisticated hard disk based operating system, a built-in , a built-in screensaver, an , an advanced calculator with a paper tape and advanced calculator with a paper tape and RPN, support for up to 2 megabytes of , support for up to 2 megabytes of RAM, , expansion slots, and a larger higher expansion slots, and a larger higher resolution display.resolution display.

MACINTOSHMACINTOSH

• MacintoshMacintosh, commonly shortened to , commonly shortened to MacMac, is a , is a brand name which covers which covers several lines of several lines of personal computers designed, developed, and marketed by designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. The The Macintosh was introduced was introduced on on January 24, , 1984; it was the first ; it was the first commercially successful personal commercially successful personal computer to feature a computer to feature a mouse and a and a graphical user interface rather than a rather than a command line interface..

MAC OSMAC OS

• Mac OSMac OS is the trademarked name for a series of is the trademarked name for a series of graphical user interface-based -based operating systems developed by developed by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) for their Computer, Inc.) for their Macintosh line of line of computer systems. The Macintosh user . The Macintosh user experience is credited with popularizing the experience is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface. The original form of what graphical user interface. The original form of what Apple would later name the "Mac OS" was the Apple would later name the "Mac OS" was the integral and unnamed system software first integral and unnamed system software first introduced in 1984 with the introduced in 1984 with the original Macintosh, , usually referred to simply as the usually referred to simply as the SystemSystem software.software.

SYSTEM 1, 2, 3 & 4SYSTEM 1, 2, 3 & 4

• System 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0 used a System 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0 used a flat file system with only one system with only one kludged level of level of folders, called folders, called Macintosh File System (MFS); its support for folders (MFS); its support for folders (subdirectories) was incomplete. System (subdirectories) was incomplete. System 2.0 added support for 2.0 added support for AppleTalk and the and the newly introduced newly introduced LaserWriter to use it. to use it. System 2.1 (Finder 5.0) introduced the System 2.1 (Finder 5.0) introduced the HFS (Hierarchical File System) which had (Hierarchical File System) which had real directories .real directories .

• System 3.0 was introduced with the System 3.0 was introduced with the Mac Plus, , officially implementing HFS and 800K startup officially implementing HFS and 800K startup drives and adding support for several new drives and adding support for several new technologies including technologies including SCSI and and AppleShare and and introducing Trash "bulging" (i.e., when the Trash introducing Trash "bulging" (i.e., when the Trash contained files, it would gain a bulged contained files, it would gain a bulged appearance). System 4.0 came with the appearance). System 4.0 came with the Mac SE and and Macintosh II, which required additional , which required additional support for the first support for the first expansion slots, the , the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), internal hard drives (ADB), internal hard drives and on the Mac II, color, larger displays and the and on the Mac II, color, larger displays and the first first Motorola 68020 processor. processor.[1]

MAC OS 8MAC OS 8

• . A . A multi-threaded Finder was included, Finder was included, enabling better multi-tasking. The GUI was enabling better multi-tasking. The GUI was changed in appearance to a new shaded changed in appearance to a new shaded greyscale look called greyscale look called Platinum, and the , and the ability to change the appearance themes ability to change the appearance themes (also known as (also known as skins) was added with a new ) was added with a new control panel. This capability was provided control panel. This capability was provided by a new "appearance" API layer within the by a new "appearance" API layer within the OS, one of the few significant changesOS, one of the few significant changes

MAC OS 9MAC OS 9

• . Mac OS 9 added some transitional technologies . Mac OS 9 added some transitional technologies to help application developers adopt some Mac to help application developers adopt some Mac OS X features before the introduction of the new OS X features before the introduction of the new OS to the public, again easing the transition. OS to the public, again easing the transition. These included new APIs for the These included new APIs for the file system, and , and the bundling of the the bundling of the Carbon library that apps could library that apps could link against instead of the traditional API libraries link against instead of the traditional API libraries — apps that were adapted to do this can be run — apps that were adapted to do this can be run natively on Mac OS X as well. Other changes were natively on Mac OS X as well. Other changes were made in Mac OS 9 to allow it to be booted in the made in Mac OS 9 to allow it to be booted in the "classic environment" within Mac OS X. "classic environment" within Mac OS X.

MAC OS XMAC OS X

• Mac OS X (pronounced Mac OS X (pronounced /mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn/))[9] is is the line of graphical the line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. which succeeded the original Mac OS, which which succeeded the original Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. Unlike the earlier Macintosh since 1984. Unlike the earlier Macintosh operating system, Mac OS X is a operating system, Mac OS X is a Unix-based -based operating systemoperating system[10] built on technology built on technology developed at developed at NeXT from the second half of from the second half of the 1980s until early 1997, when Apple the 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company. purchased the company.

UNIX-LIKEUNIX-LIKE

• A A Unix-likeUnix-like (sometimes shortened to (sometimes shortened to *nix*nix to circumvent to circumvent trademark issues) issues) operating system is one that is one that behaves in a manner similar to a behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to conforming to or being certified to any version of the any version of the Single UNIX Specification..

A/UXA/UX

• A/UXA/UX (from (from AApple pple UUninixx) was ) was Apple Computer's implementation of the 's implementation of the Unix operating system for some of their for some of their Macintosh computers. The later versions of A/UX ran on computers. The later versions of A/UX ran on the the Macintosh II, , Quadra and and Centris series of series of machines as well as the machines as well as the SE/30. A/UX was first . A/UX was first released in 1988, with the final version released in 1988, with the final version (3.1.1) released in 1995. A/UX required a (3.1.1) released in 1995. A/UX required a 68k-based Macintosh with an -based Macintosh with an FPU and a paged and a paged memory management unit (PMMU). (PMMU).

MkLinuxMkLinux

• MkLinuxMkLinux is an is an open source computer computer operating system started by the started by the OSF Research Research Institute and Institute and Apple Computer in February 1996 to in February 1996 to port port Linux to the to the PowerPC platform, and platform, and Macintosh computers. computers. • MkLinux was officially announced at The 1996

World Wide Developers Conference (WWDC). A free CD containing a binary distribution of MkLinux was handed out to the attendees.

MAC OS XMAC OS X

• Mac OS X is the successor to the original or Mac OS X is the successor to the original or "classic" "classic" Mac OS, which had been Apple's , which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. primary operating system since 1984. Unlike its predecessors, Mac OS X is a Unlike its predecessors, Mac OS X is a Unix--based operating system,based operating system,[4] built on built on technologies developed at technologies developed at NeXT between between the second half of the 1980s and Apple's the second half of the 1980s and Apple's purchase of the company in early 1996. purchase of the company in early 1996. Version 10.5, while running on Version 10.5, while running on Intel processors, is certified processors, is certified UNIX 03..

MAC OS x v10.1 (cheetah)MAC OS x v10.1 (cheetah)

• Apple released Mac OS X v10.0 Apple released Mac OS X v10.0 (internally codenamed Cheetah).(internally codenamed Cheetah).[54] The initial version was slow, not The initial version was slow, not feature complete, and had very few feature complete, and had very few applications available at the time of applications available at the time of its launch, mostly from independent its launch, mostly from independent developers. developers.

MAC OS x v10.1( puma)MAC OS x v10.1( puma)

• It was discovered that the upgrade It was discovered that the upgrade CDs were actually full install CDs that CDs were actually full install CDs that could be used with could be used with Mac OS 9 systems systems by removing a specific file; Apple by removing a specific file; Apple later re-released the CDs in an actual later re-released the CDs in an actual stripped-down format that did not stripped-down format that did not facilitate installation on such facilitate installation on such systems.systems.[56]

MAC OS x v10.2 (jaguar)MAC OS x v10.2 (jaguar)

• It brought great performance enhancements, It brought great performance enhancements, a sleeker look, and many powerful a sleeker look, and many powerful enhancements (over 150, according to enhancements (over 150, according to Apple), including Apple), including Quartz Extreme for for compositing graphics directly on an compositing graphics directly on an ATI Radeon or or Nvidia GeForce2 MX AGP-based MX AGP-based video card with at least 16 MB of VRAM, a video card with at least 16 MB of VRAM, a system-wide repository for contact system-wide repository for contact information in the new information in the new Address Book, and an , and an instant messaging client named instant messaging client named iChat . .

MAC OS x v10.3 (panther)MAC OS x v10.3 (panther)

• . Panther included as many or more new features . Panther included as many or more new features as Jaguar had the year before, including an as Jaguar had the year before, including an updated Finder, incorporating a brushed-metal updated Finder, incorporating a brushed-metal interface, interface, Fast User Switching, , Exposé (Window (Window manager), manager), FileVault, , Safari, iChat AV (which , iChat AV (which added added video-conferencing features to iChat), features to iChat), improved improved Portable Document Format (PDF) (PDF) rendering and much greater rendering and much greater Microsoft Windows interoperability.interoperability.[62] Support for some early G3 Support for some early G3 computers such as "beige" Power Macs and computers such as "beige" Power Macs and "WallStreet" PowerBooks was discontinued."WallStreet" PowerBooks was discontinued.

MAC OS x v10.4 (tiger)MAC OS x v10.4 (tiger)

• Tiger introduced Tiger introduced Spotlight, , Dashboard, , Smart Folders, updated Mail program , updated Mail program with Smart Mailboxes, with Smart Mailboxes, QuickTime 7, 7, Safari 2, 2, Automator, , VoiceOver, , Core Image and and Core Video. The initial . The initial release of the release of the Apple TV used a modified used a modified version of Tiger with a different graphical version of Tiger with a different graphical interface and fewer applications and interface and fewer applications and services.services.

MAC OS x v10.5 (leopard)MAC OS x v10.5 (leopard)

• Leopard supports both Leopard supports both PowerPC- and - and Intel x86--based Macintosh computers, however support for based Macintosh computers, however support for the G3 processor was dropped and the G4 the G3 processor was dropped and the G4 processor required a minimum clock speed of processor required a minimum clock speed of 867 MHz. The single DVD works for all supported 867 MHz. The single DVD works for all supported Macs (including 64-bit machines). New features Macs (including 64-bit machines). New features include a new look, an updated Finder, include a new look, an updated Finder, Time Machine, , Spaces, , Boot Camp pre-installed, pre-installed, full support for full support for 64-bit applications (including applications (including graphical applications), new features in graphical applications), new features in Mail and and iChat, and a number of new security features, and a number of new security features

MAC OS x v10.6 (snow MAC OS x v10.6 (snow leopard)leopard)

• It will feature It will feature Microsoft Exchange Server support, support, new new 64-bit technology capable of supporting technology capable of supporting greater amounts of greater amounts of RAM, , QuickTime X, advanced , advanced GPU performance with GPU performance with OpenCL, better use of , better use of multi-core processors through multi-core processors through Grand Central, and , and SquirrelFish JavaScript interpreter, improving the interpreter, improving the JavaScript rendering speed of JavaScript rendering speed of Safari by over 50%. by over 50%.[70] The Developer Preview released at WWDC The Developer Preview released at WWDC has a version number of 10.6, removes support has a version number of 10.6, removes support for the for the PowerPC architecture and requires an Intel architecture and requires an Intel CPU.CPU.[71]

MAC OS SERVERMAC OS SERVER

• Mac OS X Server is the operating Mac OS X Server is the operating system included on system included on Xserve, Apple's 1U , Apple's 1U rack mount server. Mac OS X Server is rack mount server. Mac OS X Server is also sold separately for use on Apple also sold separately for use on Apple desktop computers including desktop computers including Mac Pro, , iMac and and Mac mini. Mac OS X Server is . Mac OS X Server is commonly found in small business, commonly found in small business, education and large enterprise education and large enterprise organizations.organizations.

DARWINDARWIN

• Darwin is built around Darwin is built around XNU, a , a hybrid kernel that combines the that combines the Mach 3 3 microkernel, various , various elements of elements of BSD (including the (including the process model, process model, network stack, and , and virtual file system),),[2] and an object- and an object-oriented oriented device driver API called called I/O Kit . .

iPHONE OSiPHONE OS

• iPhone OSiPhone OS or or OS X iPhoneOS X iPhone is the is the operating system developed by developed by Apple Inc. for the for the iPhone and and iPod Touch. Like . Like Mac OS X, from which it was derived, it , from which it was derived, it uses the uses the Darwin foundation.iPhone OS has foundation.iPhone OS has four four abstraction layers: the Core OS layer, : the Core OS layer, the the Core Services layer, the Media layer, layer, the Media layer, and the and the Cocoa Touch layer. The operating layer. The operating system takes less than half a system takes less than half a gigabyte (GB) of the device's total memory storage. (GB) of the device's total memory storage.

APPLE NEWTONAPPLE NEWTON

• Newton OS was written entirely in Newton OS was written entirely in C++ and trimmed to be low power and trimmed to be low power consuming and use the available consuming and use the available memory efficiently. Much like the first memory efficiently. Much like the first Apple Macintosh a lot of applications a lot of applications were written in the were written in the ROM of the of the Newton to save Newton to save DRAM and and flash space for user applicationsFeatures.space for user applicationsFeatures.

ATARIATARI

• The original The original Atari Inc. was founded in was founded in 1972 by 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and and Ted Dabney. . It was a pioneer in It was a pioneer in arcade games, home , home video game consoles, and , and home computers. The company's . The company's products, such as products, such as Pong and the and the Atari 2600, helped define the , helped define the computer entertainment industry from the 1970s entertainment industry from the 1970s to the mid 1980s.to the mid 1980s.

ATARI DOSATARI DOS

• Atari DOSAtari DOS is the is the disk operating system used with the used with the Atari 8-bit family of of computers. computers. Operating system extensions extensions loaded into memory were required in loaded into memory were required in order for an Atari computer to access a order for an Atari computer to access a disk drive. These extensions to the . These extensions to the operating system added the disk handler operating system added the disk handler and other file management features.and other file management features.

ATARI TOSATARI TOS

• The Operating System (TOS)The Operating System (TOS)[1] is the is the operating system of the of the Atari ST range of range of computers. This range includes the computers. This range includes the 520ST, 1040ST and the F, FM and E 520ST, 1040ST and the F, FM and E variations (e.g.1040STE). Later, 32-bit variations (e.g.1040STE). Later, 32-bit machines (machines (TT, , Falcon030) were ) were developed using a new version of developed using a new version of TOSTOS, , called called MultiTOS, which allowed , which allowed multitasking. More recently, users have . More recently, users have developed TOS further into developed TOS further into FreeMiNT

TOSTOS consisted of the following consisted of the following::

• Desktop - The main interface loaded after Desktop - The main interface loaded after bootup.bootup.

• GEM - Graphical Environment Manager GEM - Graphical Environment Manager – AES - Application Environment ServiceAES - Application Environment Service– VDI - Virtual Device Interface (screen VDI - Virtual Device Interface (screen

drivers only, other drivers loaded using drivers only, other drivers loaded using GDOS)GDOS)

• GEMDOS - GEM Disk Operating SystemGEMDOS - GEM Disk Operating System• BIOS - Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS - Basic Input/Output System• XBIOS - Xtended BIOSXBIOS - Xtended BIOS• Line-A - Low-level high-speed graphics calls. Line-A - Low-level high-speed graphics calls.

ObsoleteObsolete• The following were extensions to The following were extensions to TOSTOS (loaded (loaded

separately):separately):• GDOS - Graphics Device Operation SystemGDOS - Graphics Device Operation System• AHDI - Atari Hard Disk Interface (driver forAHDI - Atari Hard Disk Interface (driver for

Hard Drive)Hard Drive)

MULTI TOSMULTI TOS

• iNTiNT ("MiNT is Now TOS") is a ("MiNT is Now TOS") is a free software alternative alternative operating system kernel for the for the Atari ST and its successors. Together with the and its successors. Together with the free system components free system components fVDI ( (device drivers), ), XaAES ( (GUI widgets), ), and and TeraDesk (a (a file manager), MiNT ), MiNT provides a free provides a free TOS compatible compatible replacement OS that is capable of replacement OS that is capable of multitasking..

• Nowadays the official name has been Nowadays the official name has been changed to "FreeMiNT" upon request changed to "FreeMiNT" upon request by Eric Smith. The reason for this by Eric Smith. The reason for this was to be able to distinguish it from was to be able to distinguish it from the versions that were released by the versions that were released by Atari.Atari.

BAE SYSTEMSBAE SYSTEMS

XTS-400XTS-400

• The The XTS-400XTS-400 is a is a multi-level secure secure computer system. It is computer system. It is multi-user and and multi-tasking. It works in networked . It works in networked environments and supports environments and supports Gigabit Ethernet and both and both IPv4 and and IPv6..

• The XTS-200 was designed as a The XTS-200 was designed as a general-purpose operating system general-purpose operating system supporting a supporting a Unix-like application application and user environment. XTS-200 and user environment. XTS-200 completed evaluation in 1992 at the completed evaluation in 1992 at the "B3" level."B3" level.

Be IncorporatedBe Incorporated

BeOSBeOS

• BeOSBeOS was an was an operating system for for personal computers which began development which began development by by Be Inc. in 1991. It was first written to run on in 1991. It was first written to run on BeBox hardware. BeOS was optimized for hardware. BeOS was optimized for digital media work and was written to take digital media work and was written to take advantage of modern hardware facilities such advantage of modern hardware facilities such as as symmetric multiprocessing by utilizing by utilizing modular I/O bandwidth, modular I/O bandwidth, pervasive multithreading, , preemptive multitasking

• Initially designed to run on Initially designed to run on AT&T Hobbit--based hardware, BeOS was later modified to based hardware, BeOS was later modified to run on run on PowerPC-based processors-based processors

• In 1997, Power Computing began bundling BeOS (on a CD for optional installation) with its line of PowerPC-based Macintosh clones. These systems could dual boot either the Mac OS or BeOS, with a startup screen offering the choice.

Products usingProducts using BeOS BeOS

• Edirol DV-7 video editors from Edirol DV-7 video editors from Roland corporation which run on top which run on top of a modified BeOSof a modified BeOS[7] and the and the TuneTracker radio automation TuneTracker radio automation software that runs on BeOS and software that runs on BeOS and Zeta, but is also sold as a “Station-in-Zeta, but is also sold as a “Station-in-a-Box” -a-Box” -

• The Casablanca-The Casablanca-KRONKRON from from MacroSystemMacroSystem[11] runs a modified runs a modified version of BeOS 5. A dedicated version of BeOS 5. A dedicated computer built to edit video and computer built to edit video and audio, using a built in hard disk, CD-audio, using a built in hard disk, CD-R(W)/DVD-R(W), and SD capabilities R(W)/DVD-R(W), and SD capabilities included to store media for later use included to store media for later use and/or presentation. and/or presentation.

ZETAZETA• magnussoft ZETAmagnussoft ZETA, previously , previously yellowTAB ZETAyellowTAB ZETA, ,

was an was an operating system formerly developed by formerly developed by yellowTAB of of Germany based on the based on the Be Operating System developed by developed by Be Inc.; ; because of yellowTAB's insolvency, ZETA was later because of yellowTAB's insolvency, ZETA was later being developed by an independent team of which being developed by an independent team of which little was known, and distributed by little was known, and distributed by magnussoft. As . As of of February 28, , 2007 the current version of ZETA is the current version of ZETA is 1.5. On 1.5. On March 28, , 2007, magnussoft announced , magnussoft announced that it has discontinued funding the development that it has discontinued funding the development of ZETA by of ZETA by March 16, because the sales figures had , because the sales figures had fallen far short of the company's expectations, so fallen far short of the company's expectations, so that the project was no longer economically viable.that the project was no longer economically viable.[1] A few days later, the company also stopped the A few days later, the company also stopped the distribution of ZETA in reaction to allegations that distribution of ZETA in reaction to allegations that ZETA constituted a pirated copy of BeOS.ZETA constituted a pirated copy of BeOS.

BURROUGHS

(Later Unisys)

MCP

Master Control Program)

• is the proprietary operating system of the Burroughs large systems including the Unisys Clearpath/MCP systems. Originally written in 1961 in ESPOL (Executive Systems Programming Language), which itself was an extension of Burroughs Extended ALGOL, in the 1970s it was converted to NEWP, a better structured, more robust, and more secure form of ESPOL. The MCP was the first operating system to manage multiple processors and the first commercial implementation of virtual memory, among numerous other advances.

CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES

•Convergent Technologies was a company formed by a small group of people who left Intel Corporation and Xerox PARC in 1979.

• Convergent Technologies' first product was the IWS (Integrated Workstation) tower based on the Intel 8086, which ran Convergent Technologies Operating System - their first operating system. The next product was a cost-reduced desktop version called the AWS (Advanced Workstation). Both of these workstations ran in an RS-422 clustered environment under a proprietary operating system known as CTOS.

•The Convergent Technologies Operating System, also known variously as CTOS, BTOS and STARSYS, was a modular, message-passing, multi-process based operating system.

DIGITAL/TANDEM COMPUTERS/COMPAQ/HP

-OS/8 provided a simple operating environment that was commensurate in complexity and scale with the PDP-8 computers on which it ran. I/O was supported via a series of supplied drivers which used polled (not interrupt-driven) techniques. The device drivers had to be cleverly written as they could only occupy one or two memory pages of 128 12-bit words, and had to be able to run in any page in field 0. This often required considerable cleverness, such as the use of the OPR instruction (7XXX) for small negative constants.

ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System (named in comparison with the Compatible Time-Sharing System also in use at MIT), was an early, revolutionary, and influential time-sharing operating system from MIT; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC.

• MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is an late 1970/early 1980s era business-oriented minicomputer operating system made by Hewlett-Packard.

• It runs the HP 3000 family computers, which originally used HP custom CISC CPUs and were later migrated to PA-RISC. The original version of MPE was written in SPL; later the name of the OS was changed to MPE/iX to indicate Unix interoperability. The product line is in deep maintenance mode as of 2003[update] - or mature as HP likes to call this - and will be completely ended in a few years; the user-base is much smaller than that of its old competitors OS/400 and VMS and no further product introductions are expected.

• The TOPS-10 System (Timesharing / Total OPerating System) was a computer operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 (or DECsystem-10) mainframe computer launched in 1967. TOPS-10 evolved from the earlier "Monitor" software for the PDP-6 and -10 computers; this was renamed TOPS-10 in 1970.

• TOPS-10 supported shared memory and allowed the development of one of the first true multiplayer computer games. The game was called DECWAR[2] and was a text-oriented Star Trek type game. Users at terminals typed in commands and fought each other in real time.

-WAITS was a heavily-modified variant of Digital Equipment Corporation's Monitor operating system (later renamed to, and better known as TOPS-10) for the PDP-6 and PDP-10 mainframe computers, used at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL) up until 1990; the mainframe computer it ran on also went by the name of "SAIL".

-TENEX operating system, using special paging hardware. The system is almost entirely unrelated to the similarly-named TOPS-10 but shipped with the PA1050 TOPS-10 Monitor Calls emulation facility which allowed most, but not all, TOPS-10 executables to run unchanged. As a matter of policy DEC did not update PA1050 to support later TOPS-10 additions except where required by DEC software. TOPS-20 was preferred by most PDP-10 users over TOPS-10 (at least by those who were not ITS or WAITS partisans In the 1960s BBN was involved in a number of LISP-based artificial intelligence projects for DARPA, many of which had very large (for the era) memory requirements. One solution to this problem was to add paging software to the LISP language, allowing it to write out unused portions of memory to disk for later recall if needed. One such system had been developed for the PDP-1 at MIT by Daniel Murphy before he joined BBN. Early DEC machines were based on an 18-bit word, allowing addresses to encode for a 262kword memory. The machines were based on expensive core memory and included nowhere near the required amount. The pager used the otherwise unused bits of the address to store a key into a table of blocks on a magnetic drum that acted as the pager's backing store, and the software would fetch the pages if needed and then re-write the address to point to the proper area of RAM.

RSTS (pronounced as "RIST-ess" or "RIST-uhs") is a multi-user time-sharing operating system, developed by Digital Equipment Corporation ("DEC"), (now part of Hewlett Packard) for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers. The first version of RSTS (RSTS-11, Version 1) was implemented in 1970 by DEC software engineers that developed the TSS-8 time-sharing operating system for the PDP-8. The last version of RSTS (RSTS/E, Version 10.1) was released in September of 1992. RSTS-11 and RSTS/E are usually referred to just as "RSTS" and this article will generally use the shorter form.

RSX-11 is a family of real-time operating systems mainly for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), common in the late 1970s and early 1980s. RSX-11D first appeared on the PDP-11/40 in 1972. It was designed for and much used in process control, but was also popular for program development.

OpenVMS (Open Virtual Memory System),[2] previously known as VAX-11/VMS, VAX/VMS or (informally) VMS, is the name of a high-end computer server operating system that runs on the VAX[3] and Alpha[4] families of computers, developed by Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts (DEC was later purchased by Compaq, and is now owned by Hewlett-Packard), and most recently on Hewlett-Packard systems built around the Intel Itanium[5] CPU.

Domain/OS is the operating system used by the Apollo/Domain line of workstations manufactured by Apollo Computer, Inc. during the late 1980s, as the successor to the one previously used, AEGIS. It was one of the early distributed operating systems.[1] Hewlett-Packard supported the operating system for a short time after they purchased Apollo, but they later ended the product line in favor of their HP-UX Unix variant. HP ended final support for Domain/OS on January 1, 2001

•RTÉ is a statutory body run by an authority appointed by the Irish Government. General management of the organisation is in the hands of the Executive Board headed by the Director-General

FUJITSU

• Fujitsu is a Japanese company specializing in semiconductors, air conditioners, computers (supercomputers, personal computers, servers), telecommunications, and services, and is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo

• Fujitsu employs around 160,000 people and has 500 subsidiary companies. Internationally, Fujitsu considers IBM to be it main competitor. Its historical domestic rival is NEC.

The slogan The slogan "The possibilities are infinite""The possibilities are infinite" can be found can be found below the company's logo on major advertising and ties below the company's logo on major advertising and ties up with the small logo above the letters J and I of the up with the small logo above the letters J and I of the

word Fujitsu.word Fujitsu.

• The company was established on June 20, 1935 under the name Fuji Tsūshinki Seizō(Fuji Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing),

• a spin off of the Fuji Electric Company, this in turn being a joint venture between the Furukawa Electric Company and German conglomerate Siemens founded in 1923. Despite its connections to the Furukawa zaibatsu, Fujitsu escaped the Allied occupation of Japan mostly unscathed.

TOWN OSTOWN OS

• The Fujitsu Towns OS was a color Graphical User Interface desktop + mouse type similar to Microsoft Windows and Macintosh GUIs and designed specifically for the proprietary FM Towns PC architecture.

• It was bootable from its CD media in 1989, something the standard CD-ROM drive in every FM Towns computer made possible.

GREEN HILLS GREEN HILLS SOFTWARESOFTWARE

Green Hills Software is a privately owned company that builds operating systems and development tools for embedded systems.The company was founded in 1982 by Dan O'Dowd and Carl Rosenberg. They are headquartered in Santa Barbara, California.

Green Hills Software provides a family of operating system products including the µ-velOSity real-time microkernel, the velOSity RTOS and the advanced INTEGRITY RTOS. This family of operating systems provides developers with a seamless migration path for future designs that grow in complexity and requirements. In addition, Green Hills Software has integrated the MULTI and AdaMULTI Integrated Development Environments and optimizing compilers with other leading embedded operating systems.

INTEGRITYINTEGRITY

The INTEGRITY® RTOS is a secure, maximum reliability, royalty-free Real-Time Operating System intended for use in mission critical embedded systems. The INTEGRITY Real-Time Operating System uses hardware memory protection to isolate and protect itself and user tasks from incorrect operation caused by accidental errors or malicious tampering.

INTEGRITY-178BINTEGRITY-178B

The INTEGRITY®-178B operating system is the most secure operating system in the world having been certified by the NSA-managed NIAP lab to EAL6+ High Robustness. No other commercial operating system has attained his level of security. No other commercial operating system has entered into an evaluation at EAL6+ High Robustness.

• In the past, Safety Critical software systems with multiple levels of safety criticality have been deployed on federated systems, where each function executes on a dedicated processor. The need to lower maintenance costs and reduce the size/weight/power of older embedded computer systems, combined with the availability of modern processor technology, has created the demand for a commercial run-time system that permits multiple programs at different safety levels to execute on a single processor. In addition, the run-time system must be certifiable to a level of criticality as high or higher than that of any program running on the processor. 

μ-μ-velOSityvelOSity

The µ-velOSity real-time microkernel is the smallest of Green Hills Software’s family of royalty-free operating systems. It is implemented as a C library so it can be easily ported to a number of target architectures. Its simple design as well as integration with the best-in-class MULTI tools make µ-velOSity both easy to learn and simple to use.

With 20% faster instruction execution, 50% smaller memory footprint, and 80% fewer CPU cycles required to boot, µ-velOSity is the best choice for any cost-sensitive and resource-constrained embedded development application.

Hewlett-packardHewlett-packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly referred to as HP, is a technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. HP is the largest technology company in the world and operates in nearly every country. HP specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, storage, and networking hardware, software and services. Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise servers, related storage devices, as well as a diverse range of printers and other imaging products Other product lines, including electronic test equipment and systems,medical electronic equipment, solid state components and instrumentation for chemical analysis were spun off as Agilent Technologies in 1999.

MPE(MULTI- MPE(MULTI- PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING

EXECUTIVE)EXECUTIVE)

• MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is an late 1970/early 1980s era business-oriented minicomputer operating system made by Hewlett-Packard.

• It runs the HP 3000 family computers, which originally used HP custom CISC CPUs and were later migrated to PA-RISC. The original version of MPE was written in SPL; later the name of the OS was changed to MPE/iX to indicate Unix interoperability. The product line is in deep maintenance mode as of 2003 – or mature as HP likes to call this – and will be completely ended in a few years; the user-base is much smaller than that of its old competitors OS/400 and VMSand no further product introductions are expected.

HPE UX (HEWLETT HPE UX (HEWLETT PACKARD UNIXPACKARD UNIX

HP-UX 11i (Hewlett Packard UniX) is Hewlett-Packard's proprietary Implementation of the Unix operating system, based on System V (initially System III). It runs on the HP 9000 PA-RISC-based range of Processors and HP Integrity Intel's Itanium-based systems, and was also available for later Apollo/Domain systems. Earlier versions also ran on the HP 9000 Series 200, 300, and 400 computer systems based on the Motorola 68000 series of processors, as well as the HP 9000 Series 500 computers based on HP's proprietary FOCUS processor architecture..

• HP-UX was the first Unix to use access control lists for file access Permissions rather than the standard Unix permissions system HP-UX was also among the first Unix systems to include a built-in logical volume manager. HP has had a long partnership with Veritas Software, and uses VxFS as the primary file system.HP-UX is currently credited with leadership in integrated mission-critical virtualization , observed performance, high availability and manageability.

• In 2008, the current shipping release is HP-UX 11i v3 with Update 3 (0809).

InTeLInTeL

IRMX: Intel Real time Multitasking eXecutive (OS, Intel),

This provides a migration path for real-time applications to move to modern Windows technology. iRMX for Windows uses the same virtual machine technology as our INtime software so real-time and non-real-time applications run in separate virtual machines on a single computer, for cost-effective, reliable control that is easy to develop and maintain.

Intel 8080Intel 8080 was an early was an early microprocessor designed and manufactured by designed and manufactured by Intel. The . The 8-bit CPU was released in April 1974 was released in April 1974 running at 2 running at 2 MHz (at up to 500,000 (at up to 500,000 instructions per second), and is generally ), and is generally considered to be the first truly usable considered to be the first truly usable microprocessor CPU design. It was CPU design. It was implemented using non-saturated implemented using non-saturated enhancement-load enhancement-load NMOS, demanding extra , demanding extra voltages.voltages.

IBMIBMstands for

International Business Machines

IBSYSIBSYS was the was the tape based based operating system that that IBM supplied with its supplied with its IBM 7090 and and IBM 7094 computers. IBSYS itself was computers. IBSYS itself was really a basic monitor program, that read really a basic monitor program, that read control card images placed between the control card images placed between the decks of program and data cards of decks of program and data cards of individual jobs. An IBSYS control card individual jobs. An IBSYS control card began with a "$" in column 1, immediately began with a "$" in column 1, immediately followed by a Control Name that selected followed by a Control Name that selected the various IBSYS utility programs needed the various IBSYS utility programs needed to set up and run the job.to set up and run the job.

BOS/360BOS/360 (Basic Operating System/360) was (Basic Operating System/360) was an early an early IBM operating system. It came in 2 . It came in 2 versions, 4K BOS and 8K BOS. The latter versions, 4K BOS and 8K BOS. The latter evolved into evolved into DOS/360 which some suggest which some suggest was really version 6 of BOS. BOS in turn was really version 6 of BOS. BOS in turn was preceded by BPS, Basic Programming was preceded by BPS, Basic Programming Support. The first 360s to be shipped were Support. The first 360s to be shipped were the models 30 and 40.BOS was the first disk the models 30 and 40.BOS was the first disk based operating system and was released in based operating system and was released in early 1965.Thus BOS was the only disk early 1965.Thus BOS was the only disk based operating system available at launch based operating system available at launch for a machine that was marketed as disk for a machine that was marketed as disk based.based.

TOS/360TOS/360 (Tape Operating System/360) was (Tape Operating System/360) was an an IBM operating system for the for the System/360, used in the early days around , used in the early days around 1965 to support the to support the IBM 360 model 30 and and similar platforms. TOS was a predecessor to similar platforms. TOS was a predecessor to IBM's IBM's DOS/360. TOS died out quickly as . TOS died out quickly as disks such as the disks such as the IBM 2311 and and IBM 2314 became common with the System/360, became common with the System/360, whereas they had been an expensive luxury whereas they had been an expensive luxury on the on the IBM 7090..

DisDisk Operating System/360k Operating System/360, , also also DOS/360DOS/360, or simply , or simply DOSDOS, , was an was an operating system for for IBM mainframes. It was . It was announced by announced by IBM on the last on the last day of 1964, and it was first day of 1964, and it was first delivered in June 1966.delivered in June 1966.

DOS/360DOS/360 was a single-job system, i.e. it did not was a single-job system, i.e. it did not support support multitasking (although a version with (although a version with limited multitasking, requiring 32 kB of memory, limited multitasking, requiring 32 kB of memory, was later released). It used three memory was later released). It used three memory partitions, but had little protection against partitions, but had little protection against programs overwriting other partitions. The three programs overwriting other partitions. The three partitions were not specialised, but frequently partitions were not specialised, but frequently one was used for spooling punched cards to disk, one was used for spooling punched cards to disk, one for batch job execution, and one for spooling one for batch job execution, and one for spooling from disk to printers. Despite its from disk to printers. Despite its limitations,DOS/360 became the most widely limitations,DOS/360 became the most widely used operating system for processors with less used operating system for processors with less than 256 KB of memory,than 256 KB of memory,

z/VSEz/VSE (Virtual Storage Extended) is an (Virtual Storage Extended) is an operating system for for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965. , which originated in 1965. It is less common than prominent It is less common than prominent z/OS and is and is mostly used on smaller machines. Primary mostly used on smaller machines. Primary z/VSE development occurs in IBM's z/VSE development occurs in IBM's Böblingen labs in Germany. VSE originally supported labs in Germany. VSE originally supported 24-bit addressing. As the underlying hardware addressing. As the underlying hardware evolved, VSE acquired support for evolved, VSE acquired support for 31-bit addressing. IBM released z/VSE Version 4 in addressing. IBM released z/VSE Version 4 in 2007. z/VSE Version 4 requires 2007. z/VSE Version 4 requires 64-bit z/Architecture hardware and supports 64-bit hardware and supports 64-bit real mode addressing.real mode addressing.

A A Real-Time Operating SystemReal-Time Operating System ( (RTOS)RTOS) is a is a multitasking operating system intended for intended for real-time applications. Such applications applications. Such applications include include embedded systems (programmable (programmable thermostats, household appliance controllers), thermostats, household appliance controllers), industrial industrial robots, spacecraft, industrial control , spacecraft, industrial control (see (see SCADA), and scientific research ), and scientific research equipment. An RTOS will typically use equipment. An RTOS will typically use specialized scheduling algorithms in order to specialized scheduling algorithms in order to provide the real-time developer with the tools provide the real-time developer with the tools necessary to produce deterministic behavior in necessary to produce deterministic behavior in the final system.the final system.

Operating System/Virtual Storage 1Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, or , or OS/VS1OS/VS1, was an , was an IBM mainframe computer computer operating system designed to designed to be run on be run on IBM System/370 hardware. It System/370 hardware. It was the successor to the System/360's was the successor to the System/360's operating system MFT operating system MFT (Multiprogramming with a Fixed number (Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks), a variant of OS/360. OS/VS1, of Tasks), a variant of OS/360. OS/VS1, in comparison to its predecessor, was in comparison to its predecessor, was supporting virtual memory (then called supporting virtual memory (then called virtual storagevirtual storage))

OS/VS2OS/VS2 was initially just was initially just OS/MVT plus virtual memory OS/MVT plus virtual memory and VSAM. But in 1974 IBM and VSAM. But in 1974 IBM released what it described as released what it described as OS/VS2 release 2 but which was OS/VS2 release 2 but which was really a new operating system really a new operating system that was upwards-compatible that was upwards-compatible with OS/VS2 releasewith OS/VS2 release

MUSIC/SPMUSIC/SP (Multi-User System (Multi-User System for Interactive Computing / for Interactive Computing / System Product; originally System Product; originally "McGill University System for "McGill University System for Interactive Computing") was Interactive Computing") was developed at developed at McGill UniversityMcGill University in the late 1960s from an in the late 1960s from an IBMIBM system called RAX (Remote system called RAX (Remote Access). Access).

OS/390OS/390 is an is an IBMIBM operating operating systemsystem for the for the System/390System/390 IBM IBM mainframe computersmainframe computers.OS/390 .OS/390 was introduced in late was introduced in late 19951995 in in an effort, led by the late Randy an effort, led by the late Randy Stelman, to simplify the Stelman, to simplify the packaging and ordering for the packaging and ordering for the key, entitled elements needed key, entitled elements needed to complete a fully functional to complete a fully functional MVSMVS operating system operating system package.package.

z/OSz/OS is a 64-bit operating system for is a 64-bit operating system for mainframe computers, created by IBM. It is mainframe computers, created by IBM. It is the successor to OS/390, which in turn the successor to OS/390, which in turn followed MVS and combined a number of followed MVS and combined a number of formerly separate, related products. z/OS formerly separate, related products. z/OS offers the attributes of modern operating offers the attributes of modern operating systems but also retains much of the systems but also retains much of the functionality originating in the 1960s and functionality originating in the 1960s and each subsequent decade that is still found in each subsequent decade that is still found in daily use.daily use.

CP/CMSCP/CMS was a was a time-time-sharingsharing operating systemoperating system of the late 60s and early of the late 60s and early 70s, known for its 70s, known for its excellent performance and excellent performance and advanced features.advanced features.

CMSCMS, the , the Cambridge Cambridge Monitor SystemMonitor System and also and also Console Monitor SystemConsole Monitor System – – but renamed but renamed Conversational Monitor Conversational Monitor SystemSystem

three distinct versions:three distinct versions:CP-40CP-40/CMS, an important "one-off" research /CMS, an important "one-off" research system that established the CP/CMS system that established the CP/CMS virtual virtual machinemachine architecture architecture CP-67CP-67/CMS, a reimplementation of CP-40/CMS /CMS, a reimplementation of CP-40/CMS for the for the IBM System/360-67IBM System/360-67, and the primary , and the primary focus of this article focus of this article CP-370CP-370/CMS, a reimplementation of /CMS, a reimplementation of CP-67/CMS for the CP-67/CMS for the System/370System/370 – never released – never released as such, but instead becoming the foundation of as such, but instead becoming the foundation of IBM's IBM's VM/370VM/370 operating system (announced in operating system (announced in 1972 and still in use) 1972 and still in use)

In addition to its role as the In addition to its role as the ancestor of the ancestor of the VMVM family, family, CP/CMS played an important CP/CMS played an important role in the development of role in the development of operating system theory, in the operating system theory, in the design of IBM's design of IBM's System/370System/370 and later product lines, in the and later product lines, in the creation of the creation of the time-sharingtime-sharing industry, and in the creation of industry, and in the creation of a self-supporting user a self-supporting user community that anticipated community that anticipated today's today's free software free software movementmovement

z/VMz/VM is the current version is the current version in IBM's in IBM's VM familyVM family of of virtual virtual machinemachine operating systemsoperating systems. . z/VM was first released in z/VM was first released in October 2000 and remains October 2000 and remains in active use and in active use and development as of 2008. development as of 2008.

The The IBM System/34IBM System/34 was a was a minicomputerminicomputer marketed by marketed by IBMIBM from 1978 to 1983. It was a from 1978 to 1983. It was a multi-user, multi-tasking multi-user, multi-tasking successor to the single-user successor to the single-user System/32System/32. Most notably, it . Most notably, it included two very different included two very different processors, one based on processors, one based on System/32 and the second System/32 and the second based on older based on older System/3System/3. .

The The IBM System/36IBM System/36 was was a a minicomputerminicomputer marketed marketed by by IBMIBM from 1983 to from 1983 to 2000. It was a multi-user, 2000. It was a multi-user, multi-tasking successor to multi-tasking successor to the the System/34System/34. .

OS/400 is IBM's OS/400 is IBM's operating operating systemsystem for its for its AS/400AS/400 and and AS/400e line of business AS/400e line of business computers. Because OS/400 is computers. Because OS/400 is closely attuned to the AS/400 closely attuned to the AS/400 hardware design and generally hardware design and generally comes as part of the basic comes as part of the basic package, there is no alternative package, there is no alternative operating system to compete operating system to compete with it.with it.

i5/OS is the name IBM has given to i5/OS is the name IBM has given to its newest release of its newest release of OS/400OS/400 V5R3. V5R3. i5/OS runs on IBM's i5/OS runs on IBM's i5i5 servers, servers, which are based on IBM's Power5 which are based on IBM's Power5 microprocessors.microprocessors.

AIXAIX ( (Advanced Interactive Advanced Interactive eXecutiveeXecutive) is the name given ) is the name given to a series of to a series of proprietaryproprietary operating systemsoperating systems sold by sold by IBMIBM for several of its computer for several of its computer system platforms, based on system platforms, based on UNIX System VUNIX System V with with 4.3BSD4.3BSD--compatible command and compatible command and programming interface programming interface extensions.extensions.

IBM IBM PC DOSPC DOS is a is a DOSDOS operating system for the operating system for the IBM IBM Personal ComputerPersonal Computer, sold throughout the 1980s and 2000s., sold throughout the 1980s and 2000s.Official product name of "PC DOS" are as below:Official product name of "PC DOS" are as below:IBM Personal Computer Disk Operation System 1.0 (short-IBM Personal Computer Disk Operation System 1.0 (short-name:name:PC DOSPC DOS 1.0) 1.0) IBM Personal Computer Disk Operation System 2.0 (short-IBM Personal Computer Disk Operation System 2.0 (short-name:PC DOS 2.0) name:PC DOS 2.0) IBM Personal Computer Disk Operation System 3.0 (short-IBM Personal Computer Disk Operation System 3.0 (short-name:PC DOS 3.0) name:PC DOS 3.0) IBM DOSIBM DOS 4.0 (IBM changed product name) 4.0 (IBM changed product name) IBM DOS 5.0 IBM DOS 5.0 IBM IBM PC DOSPC DOS 6.1 (IBM changed product name again. "PC 6.1 (IBM changed product name again. "PC DOS" is not short-name.) DOS" is not short-name.) IBM PC DOS 6.3 IBM PC DOS 6.3 IBM PC DOS 7 IBM PC DOS 7 IBM PC DOS 2000 (IBM's last version) IBM PC DOS 2000 (IBM's last version)

OS/2 Warp=>In October 1994 IBM OS/2 Warp=>In October 1994 IBM released OS/2 Warp, the most popular released OS/2 Warp, the most popular version of OS/2 and arguably one of the version of OS/2 and arguably one of the coolest operating systems ever (Warp coolest operating systems ever (Warp Connect even said so on the box - "The Connect even said so on the box - "The totally cool way to run and network your totally cool way to run and network your computer" so it must be true). It was so computer" so it must be true). It was so good that some people use it even today - good that some people use it even today - not me though, or at least not seriously. Its not me though, or at least not seriously. Its underpinnings weren't all that different underpinnings weren't all that different from OS/2 version 2.11 but it was a great from OS/2 version 2.11 but it was a great leap forward in terms of usability. leap forward in terms of usability.

eComStationeComStation is a PC is a PC operating systemoperating system based on based on OS/2OS/2, published by , published by Serenity Serenity SystemsSystems, USA. It includes , USA. It includes several additions and several additions and accompanying software.accompanying software.

DPCXDPCX ( (DDistributed istributed PProcessing rocessing CControl ontrol eeXXecutive) was an ecutive) was an operating systemoperating system for the for the IBM 8100IBM 8100. . IBMIBM hoped it would help their hoped it would help their installed base of installed base of IBM 3790IBM 3790 customers customers migrate to the 8100 and the migrate to the 8100 and the DPPXDPPX operating system. It was mainly deployed to operating system. It was mainly deployed to support a word processing system, DOSF support a word processing system, DOSF which was derived from the earlier which was derived from the earlier IBM IBM 37303730 word processing system. word processing system.

Like DPPX, it was written in the Like DPPX, it was written in the PL/SPL/S--like PL/DS language. The applications, like PL/DS language. The applications, including much of DOSF, however, were including much of DOSF, however, were written an interpreted language that was written an interpreted language that was "compiled" using the "compiled" using the System/370System/370 assembler macro facility.assembler macro facility.Distributed Distributed Processing Programming ExecutiveProcessing Programming Executive was an was an operating systemoperating system introduced by introduced by IBM, pre-installed on selected computer IBM, pre-installed on selected computer models in the 1980s.models in the 1980s.

K42K42 is an is an open-sourceopen-source research research operating systemoperating system for cache-coherent for cache-coherent 64-bit multiprocessor systems. It was 64-bit multiprocessor systems. It was developed primarily at developed primarily at IBMIBM Thomas J. Thomas J. Watson Research CenterWatson Research Center in in collaboration with collaboration with University of University of TorontoToronto and and University of New University of New MexicoMexico. The main focus of this OS is . The main focus of this OS is to address performance and scalability to address performance and scalability issues of system software on large-issues of system software on large-scale, scale, shared memoryshared memory,,

The The IBMIBM Series/1Series/1 Event Driven Event Driven LanguageLanguage (EDL) was a (EDL) was a computer languagecomputer language created for created for the Series/1 Event Driven the Series/1 Event Driven Executive (EDX) operating Executive (EDX) operating system. The output was system. The output was machine code for IBM Series/3 machine code for IBM Series/3 or Series/7, and interpreted on or Series/7, and interpreted on Series/1 by an emulator.Series/1 by an emulator.

Although the Series/1 was Although the Series/1 was grossly underpowered by grossly underpowered by today's standards, a robust today's standards, a robust multiuser operating multiuser operating environment (RPS) was environment (RPS) was available along with several available along with several additional high level additional high level languages for the RPS OS.languages for the RPS OS.

ICLICL IInternational Computers Ltd nternational Computers Ltd was a large British was a large British computer computer hardwarehardware, , computer softwarecomputer software and and computer servicescomputer services company that operated from company that operated from 1968 until 2002, when it was 1968 until 2002, when it was renamed renamed Fujitsu ServicesFujitsu Services Limited after its parent Limited after its parent company, company, FujitsuFujitsu. .

International Computers International Computers and Tabulatorsand Tabulators or or ICTICT was was formed in 1959 by a merger of formed in 1959 by a merger of the the British Tabulating Machine British Tabulating Machine CompanyCompany (BTM) and (BTM) and Powers-Powers-SamasSamas. In 1963 it also added . In 1963 it also added the business computer the business computer divisions of divisions of FerrantiFerranti. .

GEORGEGEORGE was the name was the name given to a series of given to a series of operating systemsoperating systems released released by by International Computers International Computers and Tabulatorsand Tabulators (ICT) in the (ICT) in the 1960s, for the 1960s, for the ICT 1900ICT 1900 series of computers.series of computers.  

VMEVME ( (Virtual Machine Virtual Machine EnvironmentEnvironment) is a ) is a mainframemainframe operating operating systemsystem developed by the developed by the UK company UK company International Computers International Computers LimitedLimited (ICL). (ICL).