Group 01: Abbey Reisz, Matt Zapalac, Kymberly Juettemeyer, Cassy Diamond, Joshua Aguilar Metamaterials: It’s In Your Head! Primary Article: Planar Photonics with Metasurfaces Secondary Articles: History of Metamaterials, From Metamaterials to Metadevices, Infrared Metamaterial Phase Holograms Fantasy “Invisibility Cloak “ from Harry Potter franchise Real world “Invisibility Cloak” using metamaterials
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Group 01: Abbey Reisz, Matt Zapalac, Kymberly Juettemeyer, Cassy Diamond, Joshua Aguilar Primary Article: Planar Photonics with Metasurfaces Secondary.
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Group 01:
Abbey Reisz, Matt Zapalac, Kymberly Juettemeyer, Cassy Diamond, Joshua Aguilar
Metamaterials: It’s In Your Head!
Primary Article: Planar Photonics with MetasurfacesSecondary Articles: History of Metamaterials, From Metamaterials to Metadevices, Infrared Metamaterial Phase Holograms
Fantasy “Invisibility Cloak “ from Harry Potter franchise
Real world “Invisibility Cloak” using metamaterials
Summary of Research• What are metamaterials?
Why are they relevant?
• History/Background
• Core Concepts/How They
Work
• Applications
• Assessment of
Metamaterials
• ConclusionsNegative index metamaterial array configuration, which was constructed of copper split-ring resonators and wires mounted on interlocking sheets of fiberglass circuit board.
Picture:
MetamaterialsGoogle.com
What are “metamaterials”? Why are they unique?
• Material that gains properties from its surroundings
rather than composition of material
• “Magnetoelastic” material-have a mechanial degree
of freedom that allows mutual interaction with its
surroundings to enable electromagnetic forces to
change the structure and tune its properties; they
• John Pendry • Discovered that radiation absorption does not come
from the chemical or molecular structure, but comes from carbon fiber shape within material.
• Discovered negative permittivity and permeability
• Created the “split ring structure” with repeating thin wire structures sequentially.
• David Smith-created the first metamaterial
in 2000 capable of bending electromagnetic
radiation; went on to create first invisibility
cloak.
• Today, we have “active “ metamaterials that
control and respond to surroundings.Top: Split ring structure before the electromagnetic field is appliedBottom: Electromagnetic field applied; lattice parameters change. Research:
History of MetamaterialsReed Business InformationJanuary 8, 2011http://www.tmcnet.com
Research
History of MetamaterialsWikipedia.com
Bottom Picture
Planar Photonics with MetasurfacesAlexander V. Kildishev et al.Science 339, (2013);DOI: 10.1126/science.1232009http://www.sciencemag.org
Core Concepts: Acoustic• Inherent parameters of the
medium are the mass
density ρ, bulk modulus β, and
chirality k. • Chirality determines the polarity
of wave propogation.
• Requires negative bulk
modulus and mass density;
these must be altered to define
the refractive index of a
material. • Bulk modulus is the resistance to
uniform compression.
• Allows unique effects such as a
inverse Doppler effect
Research
Double-negative acoustic metamaterialJensen Li and C. T. Chan Science 339, (2013);DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.055602http://pre.aps.org
Bulk modulus: A diagram of uniform compression. This is possible through negative refractive index and chirality
of metamaterials. Negative bulk modulus means that the medium expands when experiencing compression, and accelerates to the left when being pushed to the right.
The relationship between refractive index (n), mass density (ρ) and bulk modulus (β).
Artificially Structured Metamaterials May Boost Wireless Power TransferSciencedaily.comMarch 12, 2012
How the charging cycle works through the flow of electricity and wireless power.
Current electric automobile charging device; can someday have the charger at a further distance.
Pictures
Wireless Charging MetamaterialsGoogle.com
Applications of Metamaterials: Holographic Images• Artificial structuring is represented by
diffractive optics, which control a wave through
multilevel diffractive devices.
• Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm • Relationship between complex transmittance and of
the hologram and the far-field image generated
• Iteratively adjusts the constraints in the hologram and the image to focus.
• Metamaterials are crucial for holographic
images because of the metal inclusions that
are strong scatterers of electromagnetic waves
and provide a large electric polarization.• Provides a magnetic response and controlled
anistrophy (directional dependence of waves)
Process Flow for the fabrication of the
multilayer metamaterial
hologram
Research and Photo:
Infrared metamaterial phase hologramsStephane Larouche, Yu-Ju Tsai, et al.Nature Materials 11, 450-454 (2012)DOI: 10.1038/nmat327818 March 2012
Artistic rendering of a section of metamaterial hologram demonstrating the various metamaterial elements used. The hologram consists of three layers of gold elements in a SiO2 matrix over a Ge substrate.
Applications of Metamaterials: Communication• Need to keep the antenna size
within specific size or foot
print
• Metamaterials used to
minimize surface waves
arising from micro strip patch
antennas
• Goal: Increase the gain of the
micro strip antenna while
maintaining its low attractive,
low profile features
Research
Metamaterials Application in SensingTao Chen, Suyan Li, Hui Sunwww.mdpi.comDOI: 10.3390/s12030274229 February 2012
• Magnetic superstrates that use split ring resonators (MSRR) inclusions
• The MSRR unit cell is to have POSITIVE values for the effective permeability and permittivity at the resonance frequency of the antenna
Shows the gain of the micro strip antenna before and after using the
artificial magnetic superstrate. The gain improved by 3.4 dB at the resonance frequency after using the engineered
superstrate. This means the efficiency of the antenna at the operating frequency of 2.2GHz increased by 17% due to the
metamaterial superstrate.
A planar 10X10 array of MSRRS was printed on the hose dielectric layer to provide the engineered magnetic material. The superstrates used here consists of 3 layers of printed
magnetic inclusions, separated by 2 mm of air layers.
Images :O. M. Ramahi, M. S. Boybay, O. Siddiqui, L. Yousefi, A. Kabiri, Hussein Attia, M. Bait-Suwailam and Z. Ren, "Metamaterials: An Enabling Technology for Wireless Communications," Proceeding of International Conference on Communication Technologies ICCT2010, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Jan. 18-20, 2010
• Limited to microwave and terahertz spectral domains
• Switch from plasmonic excitations to quantum excitations
• Can control magnetic fields• Provide lower losses with better
sensitivity
Diagram of a terahertz metamaterial superconductor.
Periodic table data for Niobum
Assessment of Metamaterials• Cost efficient
• Low cost manufacturing
• Less bulky, planar structure
• Can affect many different types of
waves: optical, acoustic, heat,
infrared, magnetic field, electric
• Unlimited combinations with other
materials
• Unlimited possibilities with a
structure that adapts to external
stimuli
Picture:
Google.com
A man wearing a metamaterial shirt that allows him to appear
translucent.
Metamaterials with unique mechanical properties. A team there has designed materials with
“negative compressibility” that in theory will compress when they are pulled and expand when
they are compressed.
Picture: Mechanical Properties
“New ‘Mechanical Metamaterial’ Expands When You Compress It, Shrinks When your Stretch It”http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-05/new-mechanical-metamaterial-expands-when-you-compress-it-shrinks-when-you-stretch-it