Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions • Groundwater and surface water are intertwined • Different types of interactions of groundwater with: – streams and rivers – lakes – wetlands – oceans • Focus on groundwater-stream interactions – gaining vs losing – measurements – role of hyporheic zone
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Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions Groundwater and surface water are intertwined Different types of interactions of groundwater with: –streams and.
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Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions
• Groundwater and surface water are intertwined• Different types of interactions of groundwater with:
– streams and rivers– lakes– wetlands– oceans
• Focus on groundwater-stream interactions– gaining vs losing– measurements– role of hyporheic zone
Groundwater-Stream Interactions
Gaining reach
Losing reach
Groundwater can discharge to streams (gaining stream) or streams can discharge to groundwater (losing stream).
Gaining and losing reaches can occur along the same stream (see example above)
Fetter, 2000
Determine gaining/losing stream via equipotentials
Gaining Stream:convex equipotential lineszones of groundwater dischargenet increase in flow
Losing Stream:concave equipotential lines zones of groundwater rechargenet loss of flow
Freeze and Cheery (1979)
Hyporheic Zone: region between groundwater and surface water
ground water
active channel
floodplain
hillslope
riparian
hyporheic zone
Defined as the portion of the groundwater interface in streams where mixture of surface and groundwater is found.
Occurs beneath the active channel and within the riparian zone