Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic eses and Dissertations University Graduate School 10-28-1999 Groundwater nutrient loading in Biscayne Bay, Biscayne National Park, Florida Michael James Byrne Florida International University Follow this and additional works at: hp://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons is work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic eses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact dcc@fiu.edu. Recommended Citation Byrne, Michael James, "Groundwater nutrient loading in Biscayne Bay, Biscayne National Park, Florida" (1999). FIU Electronic eses and Dissertations. Paper 2029. hp://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2029
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Florida International UniversityFIU Digital Commons
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School
10-28-1999
Groundwater nutrient loading in Biscayne Bay,Biscayne National Park, FloridaMichael James ByrneFlorida International University
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd
Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons
This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion inFIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Recommended CitationByrne, Michael James, "Groundwater nutrient loading in Biscayne Bay, Biscayne National Park, Florida" (1999). FIU Electronic Thesesand Dissertations. Paper 2029.http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2029
To: Dean Arthur W. HerriottCollege of Arts and Sciences
This thesis, written by Michael James Byrne, and entitled Groundwater NutrientLoading In Biscayne Bay, Biscayne National Park, Florida, having been approved inrespect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment.
We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved.
Krishnaswamy Jayachandran
Christian Langevin
John Meeder, Major Professor
Date of Defense: October 28, 1999
The thesis of Michael James Byrne is approved.
Dean Arthur W. HerriottCollege of Arts and Sciences
Dean Richard L. CampbellDivision of Graduate Studies
Florida International University, 1999
ii
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to my sister and a friend, Eileen Byrne Brady and Tom
Stewart. They touched and enriched so many lives in the short time they were here.
They inspire me everyday.
iii
ACKNOWLDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my major professor, John Meeder. Dr. Meeder provided
an opportunity to test any theory and was always willing to assist me. He also
provided me with two excellent helpers, Jen Alvord and Amy Renshaw. Jen and Amy
helped me collect all my water-quality samples. Jen conducted a companion project
on the benthic community within my study area that added a great deal of importance
to my thesis results.
I would also like to thank my two committee members, Chris Langevin and
"Jay" Krishnaswamy Jayachandran. Chris provided pressure transducers and many
hours analyzing my methodologies for determining discharge.
I would like to thank the many hydrologic technicians, especially Liz Debiak,
from the U.S. Geological Survey who spent time in the bay with me collecting
seepage meter measurements. In addition to the technicians, I would like to thank Bob
Mooney, Jon Passehl, Vincente Quinones, Eric Swain, Carolyn Price and Barbara
Howie for their help in completing my research.
I would also like to thank everyone at Biscayne National Park, especially Max
Flandorfer and Richard Curry. I wish to thank the lab people of S.E.R.C., especially,
Pete, Elaine and Nancy. Finaly, thanks to all the scientists who allowed me to ask
questions and never shut me out, especially, Anne Cox, Phil Stoddard, Mike Ross,
Tom Smith, Suzanne Kopter, Jim Fourqurean and Joe Boyer.
iv
ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS
GROUNDWATER NUTRIENT LOADING IN BISCAYNE BAY,
BISCAYNE NATIONAL PARK, FLORIDA
By
Michael James Byrne
Florida International University, 1999
Miami, Florida
Professor John Meeder, Major Professor
This research documents submarine groundwater discharge along the shore of
Biscayne Bay. Seepage meters and groundwater monitoring wells, between the outlets
of Mowry and Military Canals, were used to quantify groundwater discharge, nutrient
concentration and loading. Discharge is greatest 185 m offshore and then decreases to
zero 400 m offshore. Total discharge is 20.6 m 3 m-1 d-1. The location of discharge is
controlled by distance from shore and sediment characteristics. Generally, nutrient
concentrations were highest in groundwater flowing through seepage meters, followed
in decreasing order; shallow groundwater, deep groundwater and surface water. The
ratios of Mowry Canal nutrient loading and groundwater nutrient loading is 6:1, 7:1,
and 14:1 for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous, respectively.
Groundwater nutrient loading calculations indicate a negative impact on the
Biscayne Bay estuary. Managers should address the source of the elevated nutrient
concentrations and determine effective ways to reduce the negative effects of
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Table 4. Nutrient Loading Table
Nutrient Load load g m- d- Site kg month1 Site k r-NH 4' SMQ x SMC 10.23 644.49 7841
NH 4+ SMQ x SGC 11.53 726.39 8838
NH 4' DLQ x SGC 5.59 352.17 4285
NH 4t DLQ x SMC 5.90 371.7 4522
NH 4* "Proj" DLQ x SGC 8.72 549.36 6684
NH 4+ "Proj" DLQ x SMC 9.21 580.23 7059TN SMQ x SMC 31.99 2015.37 24520TN SMQ x SGC 17.2 1083.6 13184TN DLQ x SGC 8.28 521.64 6347TN DLQ x SMC 16.72 1053.36 12816TN "Proj'" DLQ x SGC 12.91 813.33 9896TN "Proj'" DLQ x SMC 26.07 1642.41 19983TP SMQ x SMC 0.131 8.253 100TP SMQ x SGC 0.559 35.217 428TP DLQ x SGC 0.269 16.947 206TP DLQ x SMC 0.066 4.158 51TP "Proj'" DLQ x SGC 0.42 26.46 322TP "Proj" DLQ x SMC 0.1 6.3 77TOC SMQ x SMC 492 30996 377118TOC SMQ x SGC 158 9954 121107TOC DLQ x SGC 76.8 4838.4 58867TOC DLQ x SMC 238 14994 182427TOC "Proj" DLQ x SGC 119 7497 91214TOC "Proj" DLQ x SMC 371 23373 284372DIN SMQ x SMC 10.75 677.25 8240DIN SMQ x SGC 11.69 736.47 8960DIN DLQ x SGC 5.69 358.47 4361DIN DLQ x SMC 6.19 389.97 4745DIN "Proj" DLO x SGC 8.87 558.81 6799DIN "Pro'" DLQ x SMC 9.66 608.58 7404ON SMQ x SMC 26 1638 19929ON SMQ x SGC 6.79 427.77 5205ON DLQ x SGC 3.28 206.64 2514ON DLQ x SMC 14.07 886.41 10785ON "Proj" DLQ x SGC 5.12 322.56 3924ON "Proj'" DLQ x SMC 21.94 1382.22 16817
Abreviations are; SMQ = Seepage Meter Discharge, SMC= Seepage Meter Nutrient Concentration,DLQ= Darcy's Law Discharge, SGC = Shallow Groundwater Nutrient Concentration, "Proj"=Predicted increase in nutrient loading due to raisin of the L-31 E Canal
48
Table 5. Groundwater Discharge in Lakes and Estuaries
This Study Biscayne Bay Seepage meters 0 to 0.10This Study Biscayne Bay Pressure 0 to 2.4 X 10-2
Transducers
Belanger, T.V. et E Lake Tohopekaliga, FL Seepage meters 1.6 X 10-4 to 7.0 X 10-al. 1985Belanger, T.V. Indian River Lagoon, FL Seepage meters 6.0 X 10-3 to 1.33and Walker, R. B. mean discharge 0.121990
Bokuniewicz, H. Great South Bay, N.Y. Seepage meters 1.0 X 102 to 4.0 X 1021980
Cherkauer and Lake Michigan, WS Seepage meters 3.5 X 10-5
McBride 1988
Connor and Lake Washington, FL Seepage meters -3.5 X 10-3 to 4.3 X 10-Belanger 1981 2
Downing and Lake Metigoshe, ND Seepage meters 5.2 X 10-3 to 1.7 X 102Peterka 1978
Fellows and Lakes Conway and Apoka, Seepage meters 0 to 8.6 X 102Brezonik 1980 FLKrabbenhoft and Lake Trout, WS Seepage meters 8.6 X 10-3 to 4.3 X 10-2Anderson 1986Lee 1977 Lake Mendota, WS Seepage meters 2.6 X 10-2 to 4.3 X 102
Lee 1977 Lake Movil, MN Seepage meters 6.9 X 102
Lee 1977 Lake Sallie, Mn Seepage meters 8.6 X 10-3 to 0.22
Lewis, J. B. Barbados Seepage meters 0.73 to 1.2
Lock and John Lake Taupo, New Zealand Seepage meters 1.3 X 10-3 to 0.521978Pandit and El- Indian River Lagoon, FL Galerkin Finite 3 X 10-3 to 2.0 X 10-2
Khazen element model
Robinson, M. et Chesapeake Bay Dupuit (Darcy's 6.1 X 10- to 3.8 X 10-2al. 1983 Law)
Robinson, M et al. Chesapeake Bay Seepage meters 1.2 X 10- to 7.9 X 10-1983Shaw, R.D. and Lake Sallie and Narrow Lake, Seepage meters -1.7 X 10 to -1.7 XPrepas E.E. 1990 Mn 10-4Shaw, R.D. and Lake Sallie and Narrow Lake, Seepage meters 2.6 X 10-5 to 1.7 X 102Prepas E.E. 1990 Mn
49
Figure 1. Site map and location of wells, seepage meters and transects.
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