Ground penetrating radar

LANDMINE DETECTION USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

DEVENDER GOUD KALALI 11071A1023

Contents:

> Introduction> Block diagram> Implementation> Applications> Advantages> Limitations> Future scope> Conclusion

Introduction

> Around every 22 minutes one person some where in the world is killed or injured by a land mine.

> Nearly 50 million unexploded land mines in 60 countries around the world.

> Large portions of land go unused due to fear of mines.

> Modern mines can be constructed with plastics and composites.

LANDMINE

A landmine placed in some remote location

A landmines placed in some remote location

Technology used to Detect the landmines:

> Metal detectors

> Nuclear magnetic resonance

> Biological sensors

> Chemical sensors

METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY

Biological sensor Metal detectors

Block Diagram

Hardware description

> Impulse generator(GPR)

> Antenna system

> Pulse extender

> A/D converter

> Processor

> Visual display

Ground Penetrating Radar:> The impulse GPR system has been developed in the International Research Centre for Telecommunications Transmission and Radar(IRCTR).> This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution to locate even small targets.> Two distinct types of GPR Time domain, Frequency domain.> Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses of nano sec duration and digitize the return at GHZ sample rate.> Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency & amplitude &phase of the return signal is measured.

Antenna System:

> The GPR system performance strongly depends on the

antenna system.

> The antenna system consist of transmitter and receiver

> The transmit antenna should :

> Radiate Ultra-Wideband

> Radiate Electro-magnetic energy

Pulse extender:

> It will amplify the ground reflection signal upto the

maximum level acquired A/D converter.

> It amplify the samples of digital signals which are converted from analog signal.

A/D Converter:

> The transmitter sends out a series of EM pulses then listens with the receiver connected to high speed samples which in-turn feeds to A/D converter.

> This information is converted from nano sec to milli sec.

> It provides 12 bit accuracy and 66dB linear dynamic range.

Processor:> The processor filters the signals.

> This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate mine in the soil.

> Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the visual display.

Visual display:

> It helps to see the range of targets.

> It displays the position of land mine.

Implementation:

> The impulse generator produces 0.8ns monocycle pulse.

> The generator spectrum covers a wide frequency band from 500MHZ on 3dB level.

> After striking the mine, pulses return and are received by the receiver antenna.

ApplicationsGPR has many applications in number of fields:> In case of Earth science it is used to study bedrocks ,soils , ground water and ice.> Engineering applications include non-destructive testing of structures and pavements, locating buried structures and studying of soils.> GPR is used to define landfills contaminant plums and other

remediation sites.> Military uses include detection of mines ,unexploded ordnance and tunnels.

Advantages:

> GPR has accurate measurements.

> GPR locates even a small targets.

> It has been well founded by the defense.

> GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils when

allows it to locate even no metallic mines.

> GPR has been tested in different environmental

conditions.

Limitations:

> GPR consumes more power.

> Thus false alarms are easily generated from the

background itself.

> The sensors such as GPR are larger and heavier.

References

 [1] D. J. Daniels Ed., (2004) Ground Penetrating

Radar 2nd Edition, IEEE Radar, Sonar and Navigation series 15, Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, UK.

[2] C. S. Bristow and H. M. Jol, Ed., (2003) Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments, Geological Society, Special Publication 211, Geological Society.

THANK YOU