1 IAU C08 ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond 2006 Aug 21 Ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond Norbert Zacharias U.S. Naval Observatory Astrometry Department Cataloging and Requirements Division nz@ usno.navy.mil IAU C08 ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond 2006 Aug 21 layout of talk CMC14 (9 ... 17 mag, 35 mas) PM2000 (Bordeaux zone incl. PM CdC) UCAC (8 ... 16 mag, 20 mas) URAT (future 0.85 m telescope) going deep (Pan-STARRS, LSST, VISTA, DAS) IAU C08 ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond 2006 Aug 21 CMC 14 Carlsberg Meridian Telescope (CMT) Catalog # 14 2005 Dec 31 http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~dwe IAU C08 ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond 2006 Aug 21 IAU C08 ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond 2006 Aug 21 CMT 17.8 cm / 266 cm automated transit telescope 1984: Carlsberg TC (Denmark) --> La Palma 1997: remote operation 1998: change to CCD 1999: upgrade to 2k CCD, lim.mag r'=17 project supervision: J.L. Muinos, ROA San Fernando, Spain; joint project with Cambridge, UK IAU C08 ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond 2006 Aug 21 CMC 14 superseds CMC 12, 13 (1–11 = micrometer) -30 to + 50 deg declination complete 95.9 million stars goes deeper than UCAC, PM2000 position only – so far
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� 17.8 cm / 266 cm automated transit telescope� 1984: Carlsberg TC (Denmark) --> La Palma� 1997: remote operation� 1998: change to CCD� 1999: upgrade to 2k CCD, lim.mag r'=17� project supervision: J.L. Muinos, ROA San Fernando,
Spain; joint project with Cambridge, UK
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
CMC 14
� superseds CMC 12, 13 (1–11 = micrometer)� -30 to + 50 deg declination complete� 95.9 million stars� goes deeper than UCAC, PM2000� position only – so far
� automated drift scan, Bordeaux TC, 4 yr observing� +11 to +18 deg declination� 2.67 million stars� complete to V = 15.4, lim.mag. = 16.3� 96% of stars: n > 6 times observed, median = 7� 37 to 50 mas errors (11...15 mag)� system. err. = f (color) corrected (declination) � add 2MASS photometry
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
PM 2000 early epoch
� 512 CdC plates (1893 – 1937) scanned on APM � lim. mag V = 14 ... 16, 370,000 stars� add in YS3 and USNO-A2 for faint stars� global system.error correction: offset = f(mag)� global astrometric reduction for position + PM� CdC based PM errors: 1.5 mas/yr !� Ducourant et al. (2006) A&A 448, 1235� Rapaport et al. (2006) CdC data separately published
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
catalogs in comparison name of proper mag numb pos.err year Dec catalog motion range stars (mas) range ------------------------------------------------ ICRF QSO radio 500 0.3 200x -90+90 Hip. yes <= 12 100 K 1.0 1997 -90+90 Tycho-2 yes <= 12 2.5 M 10..100 2000 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------ PM2000 yes 8..16 2.7 M 37.. 50 2006 +11+18 CMC14 no 9..17 96 M 35..100 2005 -30+50 UCAC2 yes 8..16 40 M 20.. 70 2003 -90+50 UCAC3 yes 8..16 60 M 15.. 70 2007 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------ 2MASS no IR 500 M 90 2003 -90+90 USNO-B yes 12..21 1000 M 200 2003 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------ PanSTARRS yes 17..23 2000 M 30 2007 -40+90 URAT yes 14..21 1000 M 5..20 2009 -90+90 ------------------------------------------------
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
U S N OC C DA s t r o g r a p hC a t a l o g
PI: Norbert Zacharias
Astrometry Department
U.S. Naval Observatory
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IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
UCAC observing
� 1997 – 2004 (all-sky completed)� 579 – 642 nm bandpass� R = 8 to 16 mag� positions accurate to 20 mas (10 – 14 mag)� incl. proper motions (various early catalogs)
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
modify dome at CTIO
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
observing at CTIO
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
astrograph at NOFS
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
backend of astrograph
4k camera
x-y slide
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
UCAC products
� UCAC1 (2000) : part of Southern Hemisphere� UCAC2 (2003) : -90 to +50 deg decl.� UCAC3 (2007) :
� early epoch data for proper motions� CCD camera, step-stare mode� accurate to ~0.35 micrometer absolute� 1929.. 1932 AGK2: 1,940 plates: all done� 1976..1995 ZA: 2,300 plates: all done� 1983..1990 BB: 700 plates: 150 done� 1985..2000 Lick: 200 plates: 0 done
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
StarScan plate measure machineWashington, DC
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
StarScan calibration
2 umx,y tableerrorscalibratedto RMS 0.35 um
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
KPNO 2.1 m
extragalactic reference frame link
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IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21 IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
UCAC3 public release options
� possible levels of product:
1) mean position and PM catalog (60 + million stars, all sky) include only if >= 2 detections + PM available
2) extract and identify minor planets -> separate cat.
3) individual epoch RA, Dec of all detections
4) individual x,y data of all detections (CTE problem)
5) pixel data images (very noisy, dark current ...)� include other catalogs for proper motions ?
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
U S N OR o b o t i cA s t r o m e t r i cT e l e s c o p e
PI: Norbert Zacharias
Astrometry Department
U.S. Naval Observatory
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
URAT overview� USNO Robotic Astrometric Telescope
� 0.85 m aperture, focal length = 3.6 m� 4.5 degree diameter field of view� large format detector (world largest CCD)
� 2 px / FWHM at 1.0 arcsec seeing� 9 micrometer pixel size� 4 CCDs, each 95 mm on a side
� 50 s / 250 s integration� 13 to 21 mag� goal 5 mas for 'well exposed stars'
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
URAT optical design
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IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21 IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
URATFPA4 10.5k CCD4 guide CCD4 focus CCD
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
DALSA STA June 2006
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
status of URAT project
� telescope:� optical design studies completed� contract for primary mirror in place� NAVY full funding requested this year
� detector:� SBIR phase II signed Dec. 2005� 10.5k by 10.5k CCD chip produced successfully� first light prototype camera end of 2006
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
going deep
� Pan-STARRS: had first light in 2006� VISTA: will come on-line soon� LSST: first light in 2012� DAS: Deep Astrometric Standards (selected areas)
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
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IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
PS1
� first telescope (1.8 m) dedicated 2006 June 30� Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii� OTA CCDs, 0.3 arcsec/pixel� 3 degree FOV, 30 to 60 sec exposures� 6000 sq. deg / night� astrometric quality: ??� regular survey: 16 to 23 mag
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
Deep Astrometric Standards (DAS)
� PI: Imants Platais� use KPNO, CTIO 4-meter� 4 selected fields, 3.5 deg diameter � 5 - 10 mas on ICRF, lim. mag = 25� V and I band photometry� first observing run successful, second Oct 2006� repeat several years -> proper motions 2 mas/yr� galactic kinematics; reference stars for LSST, ...
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
summary
� CMC14: -30 to +50 : r' = 17, 96 million stars� PM2000: +11 to +18: extremely good proper motions� UCAC3: all-sky to 16th mag, release in 2007� URAT: all-sky to 21th mag, partly funded
� PanSTARRS in commissioning phase� DAS: had 1st observing run at 4-meter
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
backup slides
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
goals of the URAT project� regular survey: 13 to 21 mag stars
� overlap with UCAC stars (8 to 16 mag)� direct link to faint, extragal. ref. frame sources� optimized for astrometry, absolute positions � lower systematic errors than PanSTARRs, LSST ...
� 5 - 20 mas positional accuracy = f (mag)� bright stars: 3 to 13 mag: astrograph or MAPS� all sky: 2 locations (north and south)� robotic: low operation costs� multiple overlap in 1 - 2 years per hemisphere
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
URAT cut side view
EOST, 2005
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IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
URATFASA2(EOST 2005)
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
STA, 200610,560 x 10,560full waferlayout
2006 June 19 DALSApress release
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
N a v a l O b s e r v a t o r yM e r g e dA s t r o m e t r i cD a t a s e t
Naval Observ. Flagstaff Station
Astrometry Department
U.S. Naval Observatory
IAU C08
ground-based surveys: UCAC and beyond2006 Aug 21
NOMAD overview (release 1)
� all-sky, all stars: Sirius to 21st mag� positions + proper motions + photometry� pick “best” data each star (not compiled cat.)