Gross Anatomy: Cranial Nerve Introduction (Grays, pages 807; 848-854)
Jan 05, 2016
Gross Anatomy:Cranial Nerve Introduction
(Grays, pages 807; 848-854)
Vocabulary REVIEW
1. Afferent:• sensory• primary afferents• axons entering the CNS• cell bodies in sensory ganglia• CN versus spinal nerves
2. Efferent:• motor• leaving the CNS• innervate skeletal muscle or
viscera• visceral efferent pathways always
involve 2 neurons [one in the CNS and one in a peripheral ganglia]
CNS
Functional Components
• Special – cranial nerves only; olfaction, vision, taste, balance and hearing • General – touch, pressure, proprioception, vibration, pain and temperature• Somatic – body wall • Visceral – smooth and cardiac muscle, glands and arrector pili
General Somatic Afferent (GSA): sensation from body wall General Visceral Afferent (GVA): sensation from visceraSpecial Visceral Afferent (SVA): taste and olfaction Special Somatic Afferent (SSA): DON’T NEED TO KNOW YETGeneral Somatic Efferent (GSE): motor; to skeletal muscleGeneral Visceral Efferent (GVE): motor to “viscera” Branchial Efferents (BE [SVE]): motor (skeletal muscle from pharyngeal arches)
CRANIAL NERVE SUMMARY
1. Olfactory CN I (SVA) Sensory2. Optic CN II (SSA) Sensory3. Oculomotor CN III (GSE, GVE-P) Motor4. Trochlear CN IV (GSE) Motor5. Trigeminal CN V (GSA, BE) Both6. Abducens CN VI (GSE) Motor7. Facial CN VII (BE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P) Both8. Vestibulocochlear CN VIII (SSA, SSE) Sensory9. Glossopharyngeal CN IX (BE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P) Both
10. Vagus CN X (BE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P) Both11. Accessory CN XI (GSE) Motor12. Hypoglossal CN XII (GSE) Motor
Cranial Nerves along the Cranial Fossa
I. OlfactoryII. OpticIII. OculomotorIV. TrochlearV. TrigeminalVI. AbducensVII. FacialVIII. VestibulocochlearIX. GlossopharyngealX. VagusXI. AccessoryXII. Hypoglossal
12 Cranial Nerves:
To the “intra” and extraocular muscles:CN III – OculomotorCN IV – TrochlearCN VI - Abducens
Brain stem (CNS)
Brain stem (CNS)
Brain stem (CNS)
CN V - Trigeminal
CN V - Trigeminal Nerve
NOTE: The mesencephalic nucleus is involved in proprioception from muscles of mastication, the TMJ, extraocular muscles and muscles of the face.
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
CN V - Trigeminal
CN V1 - Ophthalmic
CN V2 - Maxillary
CN V3 - Mandibular
CN VII - Facial
CN VII - Facial Nerve
CN VII - Facial
Cranial Nerve VII
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus Nerve
CN X - Vagus Nerve
CN XI – Spinal AccessoryCN XII - Hypoglossal
CN XI - Spinal Accessory
CN XII - Hypoglossal