Trajectories of learning…. Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester 14 th November OUA QASAR seminar RMIT, Melbourne National Teaching Fellow 2012
Trajectories of learning….
Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester 14th November
OUA QASAR seminar RMIT, Melbourne
National Teaching Fellow 2012
Outline
• The technological context
• Learner experience
• Digital literacies
• Pedagogical approaches
• Disaggregation of education
• Learning design
• Changing practices
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http://scienceoftheinvisible.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/a-ramble-through-history-of-online.html http://halfanhour.blogspot.be/2012/02/e-learning-generations.html
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User generated content
Peer critiquing
Networked
Collective aggregation
Personalised
Open
Technological trends
• Mobiles and e-books
• Personalised learning
• Cloud computing
• Ubiquitous learning
• BYOD (Bring your own device)
• Technology-Enhanced learning spaces
• Learning analytics
Technologies
• Transforming everything we do
• New forms of communication and collaboration
• Multiple rich representations
• Tools to find, create, manage, share
• Networked, distributed, peer reviewed, open
• Complex, dynamic and co-evolving
http://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanflynn/6638184545/
Technologies for learning
• Audio-graphics
• Blogs
• E-Books
• E-Portfolios
• Games
• Instant Messaging
• Mashups
• Mobile learning
• Photo sharing
• Podcasts
• RSS feeds
• Second life
• Social bookmarking
• Video Mesaging
• Wikis
• Video clips and YouTube
• Video chat
Rennie and Morrison, 2012
Learning Management Systems
Content Communication
tools
Collaboration tools
Assessment tools
Upload tools
Tracking tools
Library
Finance
Student records
Registration
Timetabling
Conole, forthcoming, UNESCO briefing paper
The MATEL study
• Productivity and creativity
• Networked collaboration
• Content creation
• Visualisation and simulation
• Learning Management Systems
• Learning environment
• Games
• Devices, interfaces and connectivity
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wfryer/462376660/
http://www.menon.org/matel/
Game changers
• Harnessing the power of new media
• Need to rethink education
• Key questions – How can we reach more
learners, more effectively?
– What is the impact of free resources, tools and expertise?
– What new business models are emerging?
– What new digital literacies are needed?
http://www.educause.edu/game-changers
• Technology immersed • Learning approaches: task-
orientated, experiential, just in time, cumulative, social
• Personalised digital learning environment
• Mix of institutional systems and cloud-based tools and services
• Use of course materials with free resources
Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010
Learner experience
http://www.educause.edu/studentsAndTechnologyInfographic
Digital literacies
• Range of terms and definitions
– Information literacies
– Digital literacies
– Digital competences
– E-skills
Digital literacies = Tool knowledge + Critical thinking + Social engagement (Fraser)
www.guardian.co.uk/higher-education-network/blog/2012/may/15/digital-literacy-in-universities
Digital literacies: definition
• Set of social practices and meaning making of digital tools (Lankshear and Knobel, 2008)
• Continuum from instrumental skills to productive competence and efficiency
http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC67075_TN.pdf
IPTS report
• Confident/critical use of technologies for work, leisure and communication
• Digital divide
• The network is key
• More participatory and open practices
Benefits
• Social
• Health
• Economic
• Civic
• Cultural
• Societal
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mediaquell/4329902002/
Issues
• Personal safety and privacy
• Responsible, ethical, and legal issues
• Understanding digital media
• Inequalities and the digital divide
http://www.flickr.com/photos/29233640@N07/3668208527/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/r8r/4109502436/
Play
Performance
Simulation
Appropriation
Multitasking
Distributed cognition
Collective intelligence
Judgement
Transmedia
navigation
Networking
Negotiation
Jenkins et al., 2006
Digital literacies Creativity
Transmedia navigation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc
Distributed cognition
Salamon, 1993
Tools and people
Across networks
Networked
Filtering
Personalised
Aggregation
• Exploiting the digital network
• New forms of dissemination and communication
• Promoting reflective practice
• Embracing the affordances of new technologies
Digital scholarship
Weller: http://nogoodreason.typepad.co.uk/
Creativity
• Derived from Latin ‘creo’ to create/make
• Creating something new (physical artefact or concept) that is novel and valuable
• Ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, partners, relationships and create meaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vaxzine/2278300537/
Why is it important?
• Essential skill to deal with today’s complex, fast and changing society
• Discourse and collaboration are mediated through a range of social and participatory media
Stages
• Preparation: identifying the problem
• Incubation: internalising
• the problem
• Intimation: getting a feeling for a solution
• Illumination: creativity burst forth
• Verification: idea is consciously verified, elaborated and applied
http://www.flickr.com/photos/williamcromar/5230835657/
Technologies
• Can promote creativity in new and innovative ways
• Enable new forms of discourse, collaboration and cooperation
• Access and repurpose knowledge in different forms of representation
• Aggregation and scale – distributed and collective
Pedagogical approaches
Drill & practice learning
Mobile learning
Situated learning
Immersive learning
Study calendars E-books Learning resources Online modules Annotation tools Mind mapping tools Communication mechanisms
Mobile learning
Situated learning
Archeological digs Medical wards Art exhibitions Cyber-law Virtual language exchange Beyond formal schooling http://www.jibbigo.com/
Augmented Reality Games (ARGs)
• Began with a code 91211
• Twitter hash tag
• Mysterious character Rufus
• Series of clues – real and virtual
• Video screen in Manchester spontaneously playing students’ videos Helen Keegan
ARG Game Montage: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj9AGxYPD0A
The NMC Perspective Series: Ideas that Matter - Helen Keegan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qESNQMDupfY
Resources Learning pathways
Support Accreditation
Disaggregation of education
http://www.flickr.com/photos/emclibrary/2459359483/
Resources
• Over ten years of the Open Educational Resource (OER) movement
• Hundreds of OER repositories worldwide
• Presence on iTunesU
The OPAL metromap
http://www.oer-quality.org/
Evaluation shows lack of uptake by teachers and learners Shift from development to community building and articulation of OER practice
The OPAL metromap
http://www.oer-quality.org/
POERUP outputs
• An inventory of more than 100 OER initiatives http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries_with_OER_initiatives
• 11 country reports and 13 mini-reports http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries
• 7 in-depth case studies
• 3 EU-wide policy papers
Massive Open Online Courses
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/506326/the-technology-of-massive-open-online-courses/
Learning pathways
• Guided pathways through materials
• Can promote different pedagogical approaches
http://sociallearn.open.ac.uk
Support
• Computer assisted
• Peer support
• Tutor support
• Community support
• Mentoring
http://www.flickr.com/photos/24289877@N02/5851058394/
Accreditation
www.p2pu.org/en/
Peer to Peer University
wikieducator.org/OER_university/
OER University
Promise and reality
Social and participatory media offer new ways to communicate and collaborate
Wealth of free resources and tools
Not fully exploited
Replicating bad pedagogy
Lack of time and skills
Learning Design
Shift from belief-based, implicit
approaches to design-based, explicit
approaches
Encourages reflective, scholarly practices
Promotes sharing and discussion
Learning Design A design-based approach to
creation and support of courses
Consolidate Evaluate and embed your design
Conceptualise What do we want to design, who
for and why?
Capture Resource audit
Create Storyboard,
activities, content, artefacts, pathways
Communicate Synchronously and
asynchronously
Collaborate Improve the design
with others
Consider Reflect, pilot,
enhance
http://beyonddistance.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/carpe-diem-the-7cs-of-design-and-delivery/
Carpe Diem: 7Cs of learning Design
Changing practices
• Nature of learning, teaching and research is changing
• It’s about
– Harnessing new media
– Adopting open practices
• New business models are emerging
The future of learning
• Changing nature of education
• New forms of communication and collaboration
• Rich multimedia representation
• Harnessing the global network
Implications
• Blurring boundaries
• New business models
• More open practices
• Changing roles
• Importance of new digital literacy skills
• Disruptive and complex
http://www.slideshare.net/GrainneConole
http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/beyond-distance-research-alliance
http://e4innovation.com