GRIDS Center Grid Research Integration Development & Support http://www.grids-center.org Copyright Thomas Garritano, 2002. This work is the intellectual property of the author. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author. Chicago - NCSA – SDSC - USC/ISI - Wisconsin
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GRIDS Center G rid R esearch I ntegration D evelopment & S upport Copyright Thomas Garritano, 2002. This work is the intellectual.
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GRIDS Center
Grid Research Integration Development & Support
http://www.grids-center.org
Copyright Thomas Garritano, 2002. This work is the intellectual property of the author. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the
copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author.
Chicago - NCSA – SDSC - USC/ISI - Wisconsin
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
GRIDS, part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI)
• The Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at the University of Southern California (Carl Kesselman)
• The University of Chicago (Ian Foster)
• The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Randy Butler)
• The University of California at San Diego (Phil Papadoupolus)
• The University of Wisconsin at Madison (Miron Livny)
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
Grid Computing Rationale
The need for flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resource
See “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations” by Foster,
Kesselman, Tuecke at http://www.globus.org (in the “Publications” section)
The need for communities (“virtual organizations”) to share geographically distributed resources as they pursue common goals while assuming the absence of:
central location central control omniscience existing trust relationships
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
More Grid ApplicationsLarge-scale data analysis
Science increasingly relies on large datasets that benefit from distributed computing and storage
E.g., the Large Hadron Collider at CERN will generate many petabytes of data from high-energy physics experiments, with single-site storage impractical for technical and political reasons
Computer-in-the-loop instrumentation Data from telescopes, synchrotrons, and electron
microscopes are traditionally archived for batch processing
Grids are permitting quasi-real-time analysis that enhances the instruments’ capabilities
E.g., with sophisticated “on-demand” software, astronomers may be able to use automated detection techniques to zoom in on solar flares as they occur
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
Grids and IndustryGrid computing has much in common with major industrial thrusts
Business-to-business, Peer-to-peer, Application Service Providers, Storage Service Providers, Distributed Computing, Internet Computing, etc.
Outsourcing increases decentralization of resources
Sharing issues are not adequately addressed by existing technologies
Complicated requirements: “run program X at site Y subject to community policy P, providing access to data at Z according to policy Q”
Companies like IBM, Platform Computing and Microsoft are getting substantively involved with the open-source Grid community (e.g., web services and Grid services)
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
eBusiness Grids
• Engineers at a multinational company collaborate on the design of a new product
• A multidisciplinary analysis in aerospace couples code and data in four companies
• An insurance company mines data from partner hospitals for fraud detection
• An application service provider offloads excess load to a compute cycle provider
• An enterprise configures internal & external resources to support eBusiness workload
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
Grid Computing: Why Now?
• Moore’s law improvements in computing produce highly functional endsystems
• The Internet and burgeoning wired and wireless provide universal connectivity
• Changing modes of problem solving emphasize teamwork, computation
• Network exponentials produce dramatic changes in geometry and geography
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
Network ExponentialsNetwork vs. computer performance
Computer speed doubles every 18 months Network speed doubles every 9 months Difference = order of magnitude per 5 years
1986 to 2000 Computers: x 500 Networks: x 340,000
2001 to 2010 Computers: x 60 Networks: x 4000
Moore’s Law vs. storage improvements vs. optical improvements. Graph from Scientific American (Jan-2001) by Cleo Vilett, source Vined Khoslan, Kleiner, Caufield and Perkins.
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
GRIDS and the NSF Middleware Initiative
GRIDS is one of two NMI teams; the other is EDIT
NMI seeks standard components and mechanisms Authentication, authorization, policy Resource discovery and directory Remote access of computers, data, instruments
Also seeks: Integration with end-user tools (conferencing, data
analysis, data sharing, distributed computing, etc.) Integration with campus infrastructures Integration with commercial technologies
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
GRIDS Deliverablesfor NMI Release 1.0
On May 7, NMI Release 1.0 will be issued (see www.nsf-middleware.org), including deliverables from the GRIDS and EDIT teams
GRIDS software in NMI-R1 will include new versions of:
Globus Toolkit™ Condor-G Network Weather Service package also includes KX.509
Part of the NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI) www.grids-center.org
GRIDS
The Globus Toolkit™The de facto standard for Grid computing
A modular “bag of technologies” addressing key technical problems facing Grid tools, services and applications
Made available under liberal open source license Simplifies collaboration across virtual organizations