1 GE Grid Solutions John D. McDonald, P.E. Smart Grid Business Development Leader – North America Global Smart Grid Strategy Group IEEE Fellow IEEE PES Substations Committee Chair 2001-2002 IEEE PES President 2006-2007 IEEE Division VII Director (2008-2009) IEEE-SA Board of Governors (2010-2011) IEEE PES Distinguished Lecturer CIGRE USNC VP, Technical Activities IEEE Galveston Bay Section PES Joint Chapter September 16, 2016 Grid Modernization
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Grid Modernization IEEE GBS John McDonald 091616.ppt · Distributed Generation Industry Challenge Distribution controls and protection traditionally take advantage of and are designed
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GE Grid Solutions
John D. McDonald, P.E.Smart Grid Business Development Leader – North AmericaGlobal Smart Grid Strategy Group
IEEE FellowIEEE PES Substations Committee Chair 2001-2002IEEE PES President 2006-2007IEEE Division VII Director (2008-2009)IEEE-SA Board of Governors (2010-2011)IEEE PES Distinguished LecturerCIGRE USNC VP, Technical Activities
IEEE Galveston Bay Section PES Joint ChapterSeptember 16, 2016
Grid Modernization
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Agenda
• Key Industry/Societal Trends
• Smart Grid Concepts
• Holistic Solutions
• Integration of Microgrids and Distributed Generation
• IEEE PES Input to DOE QER on Microgrids and Distributed Generation
• Types of Data
• Big Data, Analytics and Enterprise Data Management
• Smart Grid Standards and Interoperability
• Smart Grid Deployments Lessons Learned
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Key Industry/Societal Trends
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Key Industry/Societal Trends
� Transitioning from Devices/Systems to Holistic Solutions
Smart Meters/AMI Integration with GIS, OMS and DMSSmart Meters/AMI• Meter Readings• Voltage => DMS• Last Gasp Communication => OMS
GIS• Network Model Information => OMS, DMS
DMS• Status Changes => OMS
Customers• Phone Calls => OMS• Social Media => OMS
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Example: utility deployment planEstimated $3.5B in investment in 9 programs through 2020
SMART
GRID
Customer
Empowerment
Renewable
Growth
Electric
Vehicle
Growth
Security
Reliability & Safety
Operational Efficiency
SG RD&D
Integrated & Cross-cutting
Systems
Workforce Development
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Integration of Microgrids and Distributed Generation
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Distributed GenerationIndustry Challenge
Distribution controls and protection traditionally take advantage of and are designed only for uni-directional power flow
PowerGeneration
Generation Switchyard
Transmission Substation
Distribution Substation
End UserPowerGeneration
Generation Switchyard
Transmission Substation
Distribution Substation
End User
A wide array of DG is creating unique challenges in the grid: two-way power flow, voltage regulation concerns.
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Distributed GenerationIndustry Challenge
V(pu)
1.00
24 hours
1.05
Open circuit over-voltage due to unintentional islanding
Protection ratings not matched to fault currents
Varying Fault Currents due to DG
Stress on Voltage Regulation equipment
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Distributed Generation IntegrationTechnology Solution Optimal dispatch of complex energy resources
Smart control system to optimize and manage generators, energy storage and loads featuring:• Optimal Dispatch• Supervisory Controls• Islanding/Tie-Line Controls
U90 Microgrid Controller
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GE’s Advanced Microgrid Control SystemPIDC’s Philadelphia Navy Yard
• Rapid Growth• Vintage 1930s – 2 primary substations• PJM ���� PECO ���� 13.2 KV Supply• Current - 25 MW Peak Load• Ambition of 10+ MW DER with 50+ MW
Peak
NAVY
33%
AKER
18%
TASTYKAKE
11%
APPTECH
7%
URBAN
OUTFITTERS
7%
US
MARITIME
6%
PHILA SHIP
REPAIR
4%
CRESCENT 3
2%
OTHER
12%
Customer Ranking 2010-2011 (Usage)
PIDC (Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation) - Overview
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GE’s Advanced Microgrid Control SystemPhiladelphia Navy Yard
Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV on the Distribution System
New Applications of Power Electronics (my Power Electronics magazine article – August 22, 2013 issue)
• Substation Transformer On-line Tap Changer• Low Voltage Network Dynamic Grid Edge Controllers• Increased capability from Inverters
The Death Spiral (Intelligent Utility magazine article – November /December 2013 issue)• Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV in the State of
Wind Study References• California Energy Commission’s Intermittency Analysis Project Study “Appendix B - Impact of Intermittent Generation on
Operation of California Power Grid” http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-500-2007-081/CEC-500-2007-081-APB.PDF
• New York State Energy Research and Development Authority’s “The Effects of Integrating Wind Power on Transmission System Planning, Reliability, and Operations”: http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/~/media/Files/EDPPP/Energy%20and%20Environmental%20Markets/RPS/RPS%20Documents/wind-integration-report.pdf
• Ontario Power Authority, Independent Electricity System Operator, Canadian Wind Energy Association’s “Ontario Wind Integration Study”: www.ieso.ca/imoweb/pubs/marketreports/OPA-Report-200610-1.pdf
• Electrical Reliability Council of Texas, “Analysis of Wind Generation Impact on ERCOT Ancillary Services Requirements”:http://www.ercot.com/news/presentations/2008/Wind_Generation_Impact_on_Ancillary_Services_-_GE_Study.zip
• NREL, “Western Wind and Solar Integration Study”: Final report http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/47434.pdfExecutive summary http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/47781.pdf
• New England ISO “New England Wind Integration Study “ Final report http://www.iso-ne.com/committees/comm_wkgrps/prtcpnts_comm/pac/reports/2010/newis_report.pdfExecutive summary http://www.iso-ne.com/committees/comm_wkgrps/prtcpnts_comm/pac/reports/2010/newis_es.pdf
• Hawaiian Electric Company, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, “Oahu Wind Integration Study”http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu/sites/web41.its.hawaii.edu.www.hnei.hawaii.edu/files/story/2011/03/Oahu_Wind_Integration_Study.pdf
• California ISO, “Frequency Response Study” Oct, 2011 http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Report-FrequencyResponseStudy.pdf
• Nova Scotia Power, “Renewable Energy Integration Study” June 2013http://www.nspower.ca/site-nsp/media/nspower/CA%20DR-14%20SUPPLEMENTAL%20REIS%20Final%20Report%20REDACTED.pdf
• WWSIS - 3: Western Frequency Response and Transient Stability Study
Final report http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/62906.pdf
IEEE PES Input to DOE QER on Microgrids and Distributed
Generation
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U.S. DOE Requested IEEE Provide Insights on a Specific Set of Priority Issues• Effects of renewable intermittency on the grid and the potential
role of storage
• Utility and other energy company business case issues related to
microgrids and distributed generation, especially rooftop PVs
• Technical implications for the grid of electric vehicle integration
• Asset management challenges and options, including the
implications and importance of aging infrastructure
• Metrics for addressing smart grid issues, especially to help policy
makers determine the importance and necessity of protocols
• Skilled workforce issues
• Report cards on the condition and performance of the electric grid
– to be addressed at a later stage
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IEEE QER Report to DOE
• Work started in May 2014
• Draft delivered for review beginning of July
• IEEE membership and PES Technical Committees
• NERC, utilities, RTOs, academia and vendors
• Industry organizations (e.g., APPA, EEI, UWIG)
• Final report delivered on September 5, 2014
• Focus on the scope of the questions –many other grid-related issues are not addressed
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Utility & Other Energy Company Business Case Issues Related to Microgrids and DG, Especially Rooftop PVs
Microgrid (MG) and distributed resources should be viewed as integral elements of the overall electrical grid
• Traditional grids and microgrids should be purposefully integrated into hybrid grids to fulfill all the consumer needs, with transmission as an enabler to support integration of renewable resources
Microgrid business case depends on benefits achieved for the consumer and the provider
• Key aspects include costs, efficiency, reliability, safety, and resiliency -- all supported by and coordinated with the balance of the grid in a manner that enables the utility or energy company to defer more expensive investment or to manage its grid in a less costly manner
Policy should support value creation, with results-based rewards, and not unduly favor either incumbent utilities or non-utility MG sponsors
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Microgrid Benefits
• Capacity, Reliability and Power Quality– A low-cost augmentation/alternative to a utility system
– Better power quality and outage management for critical, premium and remote customers (e.g., for weather related events)
• Energy Efficiency and Asset Management – lower OPEX: – Reduced equipment utilization and losses as generation closer to the load
– Peak load shaving – in conjunction with market pricing
• Sustainability – Enables optimal dispatch of renewables and high customer involvement – Emissions reduction and green marketing
– Community management
• Cost Savings – Portfolio of resources managed locally, but optimized on the system level
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Optimized Hybrid Microgrids
• Utility grid and microgrids must work synergistically to fulfill all the needs, e.g. serving all the load all the time
• Policy should support value creation and not unduly favor either incumbent utilities or non-utility MG sponsors
– Assessing costs should include efficiency, reliability, safety, optimizing life-cycle costs, and resilience for the grid
– Costs and benefits apportioned in a multi- stakeholder microgrid business case
– Regulatory policy to reward costs incurred in planning, operational changes, and the optimalintegration of assets
• New tools and Standards, e.g., IEEE 1547 Series
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Types of Data
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Managing Data => “Operational” Data
Data that represents the real-time status,
performance, and loading of power system
equipment
This is the fundamental information used by
system operators to monitor and control the
power system
Examples:
• Circuit breaker open/closed status
• Line current (amperes)
• Bus voltages
• Transformer loading (real and reactive power)
• Substation alarms (high temperature, low
pressure, intrusion)
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Managing Data => “Non-Operational” DataData items for which the primary user is
someone other than the system
operators (engineering, maintenance,
etc.)
Note that operators are usually
interested in some data that is
classified as non-operational
Examples of “Non-Operational” data:
• Digital fault recorder records
(waveforms) (protection engineer)
• Circuit breaker contact wear indicator
(maintenance)
• Dissolved gas/moisture content in oil
(maintenance)
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Characteristic Operational Data Non-Operational
Data
Data Format Usually limited to individual time sequenced data items
Usually a data file that consists of a collection of related data elements
Real Time vs Historical
Usually consists of real-time or near real-timequantities
Mostly historical data: trends over time
Data Integration
Easily transportable by
conventional SCADA
RTUs using standard
(non-proprietary)
protocols
Typically use vendor
specific (proprietary)
formats that are not easily
transported by SCADA
communication protocols
Characteristics of Operational and Non-Operational Data
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Big Data, Analytics and Enterprise Data Management
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Drive the next productivity revolution by connectingintelligent machines with people at work
IntelligentMachines1. Big Data
& Analytics2.People at Work3.
Leverage technology & communication to cost-
effectively connect machines
Combine the power of big data, big analytics, and industry physics
Connecting people any place, any way, and any
time for intelligent operations
The “II” Connects…
Global Energy Capex $1.9T/year
The first 1% annual savings equals $300B over 15 years
A world that works better, faster, safer, cleaner and cheaper
++
=
EnergyValue:
Internet of Things (IoT)
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Analytics
Meter Insight(in development)
Outage Insight(in development)
Reliability Insight(in development)
Renewables Insight(in design)
Consumer Insight(in design)
• Automated KPI data validation
• Dynamic KPI dashboards
• Outage Event Recorder
• Planned outage optimization
• Predictive Outage Analytics
• Accurate ETR
• Automated KPI data validation
• Dynamic KPI dashboards
• Outage Event Recorder
• Planned outage optimization
• Predictive Outage Analytics
• Accurate ETR
• Predictive vegetation management
• Asset health analysis
• System health analysis
• Lifecycle analysis and portfolio optimization
• Predictive vegetation management
• Asset health analysis
• System health analysis
• Lifecycle analysis and portfolio optimization
• PV load (dis)aggregation/ hotspot analysis
• Wind load (dis)aggregation and hotspot analysis
• EV penetration/ impact analysis
• DER load orchestration
• PV load (dis)aggregation/ hotspot analysis
• Wind load (dis)aggregation and hotspot analysis
• EV penetration/ impact analysis
• DER load orchestration
• Social media integration
• Customer Segmentation
• Customer Engagement
• Sentiment Analysis
• Social media integration
• Customer Segmentation
• Customer Engagement
• Sentiment Analysis
• Revenue Protection
• Power Quality and Reliability
• Load Forecasting and Research
• Revenue Protection
• Power Quality and Reliability
• Load Forecasting and Research
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IT/OT Convergence and Data Access
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Realizing Greater Value From Data
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IT/OT Convergence => Realizing Greater Benefits
Conduct workshop to bring all utility stakeholders up to the same
level of understanding of enterprise data management
Review the data maps of all IEDs, systems and repositories to
identify data that has value to at least one stakeholder group
Create standard IED data templates
Develop enterprise data requirements matrix (map data points of
value to stakeholder group(s) that will use the data)
Review substation automation architectures to be able to extract
data points of value, concentrate the points, and send across
firewall to Tarigma GEM on corporate network
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Smart Grid Standards and Interoperability
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Example: Standards FrameworkNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
• Managing equipment, shipments & delivery – pieces and parts along with assembly required for implementation (e.g., radio, controller, AMI network, substation equipment with software)
• Coordinating software functionality with multi-supplier hardware and AMI
• Lesson Learned: Minimize niche suppliers – prefer alliance suppliers with strong engineering and solution teams
• Managing Substation and Distribution Engineering, Protection and Control, Communications and Construction
• Lesson Learned: Engage 1 Project Manager for each Smart Grid solution with multi-discipline authority
• Prefer packaged solutions from fewer suppliers – minimize the finger-pointing
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedProject Management:
• Establish Program Management Office• Multiple Project Managers reporting to the Program Manager
• Adhere to PM guidelines such as Communication, Status Reporting, Risk Management, etc.
• Build an “A” team with project and technical members – there will be challenges to collectively solve
• Establish Corporate Steering Committee• Key status meetings with Utility Executives and Alliance Suppliers
• Escalation and Risk Mitigation in timely manner is critical
• Build Strategic Alliances with Key Suppliers• Define, Engineer and Build the Smart Grid solutions collectively
• Alliance Supplier provides “On-site” management and technical support
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedChange Management:
• Smart Grid solutions involve multiple stakeholders (actors)• Residential / Commercial customers are now a “Major Stakeholder”
• For example: PCT’s, In-home devices, utility incentivized customer programs, 2-way communication with the Utility
• Define and develop “Use-Cases” for each component of Smart Grid• Use-Cases provide – a scenario description, defines the benefits,
actors, functional requirements, and business rules and assumptions
• Lesson Learned: Use-cases form the basis for the benefits achieved, functional requirements, development, and training
• Smart Grid actors require “Significant Training” on the operation and maintenance of the deployed system (i.e., Operations Center, Communications, Customer Call Center, Engineering, Field Crews, etc.)