Grid Connected Energy Storagecce.umn.edu/.../2016/UFIGridEnergyStorageOverview.pdf6 Community Storage Voltage Regulation Circuit Upgrade 7 Behind the Meter Bill Management, ... Peaker

NO PART SHALL BE COPIED OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSIONCOPYRIGHT © MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART SHALL BE COPIED OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. COPYRIGHT © MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART SHALL BE COPIED OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION.

Grid‐Connected Energy Storage

Steve EmlingMitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc

(1)


Agenda

1. Market drivers and regulatory environment2. Component analysis and system

architecture3. Examples of operational energy storage

systems – actual and potential uses

(2)


MARKET DRIVERS AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

(3)

NO PART SHALL BE COPIED OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSIONCOPYRIGHT © MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART SHALL BE COPIED OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. COPYRIGHT © MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART SHALL BE COPIED OR TRANSFERRED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. (4)

Utility Disco’s Utility LSE’s (retail)DR/EE ServicesAggregatorsEnd‐Users

IPP’sUtilitiesDevelopersEPC’sOwner’s EngineersFinancers

Source:: NERC “Understanding the Grid”, http://www.nerc.com/AboutNERC/Documents/Understanding%20the%20Grid%20DEC12.pdf

Energy Storage Stakeholders

Generation

Transco’sUtility Trans. OwnersEPC’sOE’s

Transmission Distribution


Key Regulatory Entities

(5)

PSC/PUC’sUtility/LSE’sRetail ESCO’sAggregators

FERCNERCRTO/ISO’s

Source:: NERC “Understanding the Grid”, http://www.nerc.com/AboutNERC/Documents/Understanding%20the%20Grid%20DEC12.pdf

Generation

FERCNERCRTO/ISO’sPUC’sUtility PTO’s

Transmission Distribution


CA AB2514 Applications Overview

(6)

Market ServicesIPP revenue

Utility Self‐Supply

T&D Avoided Cost

Bill Reduction and Incentives

Use Case Primary Benefit Conventional Technology

1 Peaker Plant Capacity, Energy, Ancillary Services

Combustion Turbine

2 Ancillary Services Only

Ancillary Services Combustion Turbine

3 Base Load Plant Capacity, Energy Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

4 Distributed Peaker Upgrade Deferral,Market Services

Circuit Upgrade,Combustion Turbine

5 Substation‐Sited Voltage Regulation Circuit Upgrade

6 Community Storage Voltage Regulation Circuit Upgrade

7 Behind the Meter Bill Management,Market Services


8 Behind the MeterUtility Controlled

Bill management,Market Services, Grid Reliability


9 Permanent Load Shifting

Bill Management, Grid Reliability

Combustion Turbine


MISO ES Policy

• Added short term storage into tariff in 2009– Allowed storage to participate in frequency regulation

•MISO has yet to implement FERC 755– “Pay for Performance”

• Energy storage still cannot participate in other ancillary services such as spinning reserves, supplemental reserves, or ramping

(7)


MISO ES Policy

• IPL filed a fast track complaint asking FERC to find MISO’s energy storage policies deficient and in need of revision

• IPL’s 20MW storage system provides frequency regulation, frequency response, and contributes to MISO’s NERC compliance– IPL asserts that there is no provision to compensate

them for frequency response – IPL also asserted that MISO’s tariffs for ancillary

services, energy, ramping, and capacity were designed… exclude applicable technologies like batteries

(8)


MISO ES Policy

• "The Commission should direct that the Tariff be reformed so that Resources technically capable of providing various products under the Tariff be permitted to provide such products, regardless of resource label or technology."

(9)


FERC: ISO & RTO Regions

(10)


FERC: Frequency Response

(11)

• FERC announced in Feb. 2016 that they are considering whether all generators should be required to have the ability to provide frequency response and how they should be compensated (currently requirement is on balancing authorities)

• Reaction to increasing synchronous baseload units being replaced with wind and solar


Industry Groups

• EPRI ESIC (Electric Power Research Institute Energy Storage Integration Council)

• Energy Storage Association (ESA)• IEEE 1547 (Distributed Energy Resources)•MESA Open Standards

(12)


COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

(13)


Battery Chemistry Comparison

(14)

Chemistry Eff.DC‐DC

Cycle Life, Full DoD

Shelf Life

O&M Safety Measures

MW’s Deployed

$/kWh, 4‐hr basis

Li‐ion,Power

98% 10,000 15 yr Low High >200MW 1K‐2K

Li‐ion, Energy

96% 5,000 10 yr Low Very High >100MW 400‐1000

NaS 87% 4,500 15 yr Low Med >500MW 500

Adv. PbA 85% 2,500 7 yr Med Med >100MW 300‐600

Adv. Flow

85% 100,000 30 yr Med Low >20MW 750‐1500


Storage Technology Comparison

(15)


Battery Container

(16)

Module24V

Cell3V

Rack800‐1500V

Container800‐1500V, 1MWh

Aisle

Rack

A/C, Communications, Controls

8ft

20ft


System Architecture

(17)

PCS 2

Battery 1

LV／MV

PLC

Utility Circuit

Router

DC AC

Alarms, Warnings Current, Voltage

SOC, Temperature

Failure, Alarms, Warnings Charge/discharge power

Charge/discharge quantity signal

Measurement/Control Server Router

WAN

T/D

Frequency, Active and reactive power,

Voltage, Current

Control System (SCADA)

BLEnDer ® -RE

CB relay state

CB close/open control signal

Breaker close/open control signal

Battery 2

PCS 1

DC AC

Operation Center


DC Coupled with Wind/PV

(18)

Batteries Wind/PV

=

1MW 1MW 2MW

2MVA

2MVA

Batteries Wind/PV

=

1MW 1MW 2MW

2MVA

4MVA

=

2MVA

• Reduces power conditioning scope• Avoids rating interconnection for full discharge of Wind/PV and

energy storage when intended operation is to shift Wind/PV output

AC Coupled DC Coupled

1000Vdc

480Vac

1000Vdc

480Vac


Large Scale ES – STATCOM Interface

(19)

50MW 50MW 50MW 50MW

• Example – 200MW connected in 50MW blocks• Redundancy built into STATCOM components – over 99% availability factor• Lower cost per var than a power conditioning system• Much lower aggregation and balance of plant costs

3kVdc

13.8kVac

= 3kVdc

13.8kVac

= 3kVdc

13.8kVac

= 3kVdc

13.8kVac

=


EXAMPLES OF OPERATIONAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS –ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL USES

(20)


IPL Advancion Energy Storage Array (AES)

(21)

Project Information

• Owner & Operator: IPL

• Location: Indianapolis, Indiana

• Size: 20MW, 20MWh

• In‐operation Date: May 2016

• First large storage project in MISO

• Co‐sited with two 30MW combustion turbines (designated blackstart units)

Purpose: • Frequency regulation• (Frequency reserve)• (Ramping)• (Capacity)• (Energy)• (Blackstart)

Control System AES ADVANCION

Storage Samsung Li‐ionMaybe 2MW strings, not public

Power Conditioning System Parker HannifanMaybe 2MW units, not public

Balance of plant Casteel Corp.Building type system

Key Technologies and Configuration


Frequency During ESS Blackstart

(22)

Peaker Unit BESS

0 5 10 15 20 25 3057

57.5

58

58.5

59

59.5

60

60.5

Time (s)

Gen

erat

or F

requ

ency

(Hz)

300 hp750 hp1500 hp3000 hp

0 5 10 15 20 25 3057

57.5

58

58.5

59

59.5

60

60.5

Time (s)

Gen

erat

or F

requ

ency

(Hz)

300 hp750 hp1500 hp3000 hp

• It was observed that the BESS provided better regulation of thefrequency at the 69 kV bus than a traditional peaker unit and it’sassociated excitation system

• The BESS resulted in reduced frequency dips at the regulating bus regardless ofthe size of the started generator


Mitsubishi 50MW, 300MWh

(23)

• Owner & Operator: Kyushu Electric

• Location: Southwestern Japan


• Footprint: 328ft x 460ft

• In‐operation Date: March 2016

• Follow up to two 1MW projects

Purpose: • Improve supply‐demand balance• Control grid voltage• Smooth delivery of renewables

Project Information

Key Technologies and ConfigurationControl System Mitsubishi BLEnDerRE

Storage NGK Sodium‐sulfur252 containers63 800kW strings (4 cont. ea.)

Power Conditioning System TMEIC63 1MVA units

Balance of plant Mitsubishi, Container system3.2MW aggr. ‐> 6kV25MW aggr. ‐> 66kV


Duke Energy 100kW, 300kWh

(24)

• Owner: Aquion

• Location: Mt. Holly, North Carolina

• Size: 100kW, 300kWh

• In‐operation Date: February 2016

• Located at existing Rankin Substation• One of the distribution lines at

the substation has a 1.2MW PV

Purpose: • Renewable ramping (ultracaps)• Renewable shifting (batteries)• Load Following (batteries)

Project Information

Key Technologies and ConfigurationControl System Win Inertia SHAD

Storage Aquion flow batteryLikely 50kW, 300kWhMaxwell UltracapsLikely 50kW, ~1kWh

Power Conditioning System Win Inertia, DC coupled?

Balance of plant AquionSingle container


Mitsubishi 6.2MW, 31MWh

(25)

• Owner & Operator: Chugoku Electric

• Location: Oki Island, Japan

• Size: 6.2MW, 31MWh

• In‐operation Date: September 2015

Purpose: • Renewable ramping (Li‐ion)• Frequency regulation (Li‐ion)• Renewable shifting (NaS)• Load Following (NaS)

Project Information

Key Technologies and ConfigurationControl System Mitsubishi BLEnDerRE

Storage NGK Sodium‐sulfur4.2MW, 30MWh (5 800kW strings)GS Yuasa Li‐ion2MW, 1MWh

Power Conditioning System TMEIC

Balance of plant MitsubishiContainer type system


Golden Valley Electric Association BESS

(26)

• Owner & Operator: GVEA

• Location: Fairbanks, Alaska

• Size: 27MW, 6.75MWh

• In‐operation Date: September 2003

• Located on the load side of a weak transmission line

• Provides 15 min of backup power while local generation is started

Purpose: • Spinning Reserve Capacity

o 584 outages avoidedo Est. 3.8M cumulative

customers protected• Voltage Support

o 5 to 7 MVAR continuously• “Reliability and Quality”

Project Information

Key Technologies and ConfigurationControl System ABB

Storage Saft Ni‐Cad13,760 cells, 165lb each

Power Conditioning System ABB

Balance of plant City ElectricBuilding type systemOperates at over 5kVdc


ETT/AEP Presidio “Big Old Battery”

(27)

• Owner & Operator: ETT/AEP

• Location: Presidio, Texas

• Size: 4MW, 32MWh (8hr)

• In‐operation Date: April 2010

• Located on the load side of a weak transmission line

• Provides 8hr backup in the case of lost transmission line

Purpose: • Capacity• Non‐spinning reserves• Voltage support

Project Information

Key Technologies and ConfigurationControl System S&C

Storage NGK Sodium‐Sulfur

Power Conditioning System S&C

Balance of plant N/ABuilding type system


ETT/AEP Presidio “Big Old Battery”

(28)

• Included in rate base

• “The only genuine issue requiring decision by the Commission is one of classification: Is the NaS battery appropriately treated as a transmission asset and eligible for TCOS rate treatment?”

• Commission Staff asserts that the proposed battery should receive a split‐rate treatment because only the reactive‐power portion of the battery is a transmission facility and eligible for recovery in TCOS under P.U.C. SUBST. R. 25.192(c)(1)(D) while the back‐up service portion of the battery providing transmission at distribution voltage is a distribution facility that must be recovered in a separate wholesale transmission rate schedule under which American Electric Power Texas North Company would be a customer.


AEP Los Andes BESS

(29)

• Owner & Operator: AES (3rd party)

• Location: Los Andes, Chile


• In‐operation Date: Dec 2009

Purpose: • Frequency response• Synthetic Inertia• Frequency regulation

Project Information

Key Technologies and ConfigurationControl System AES

Storage A123 Li‐ion

Power Conditioning System Parker Hannifin

Balance of plant N/AContainer type system


Transformer Upgrade Deferral

• Load growth experienced at a 40MVA substation

• Transformer overloaded during peak ‐> premature failure

• Can replace with 45MVA TX, or install 5MVA ESS

(30)

Load45 MVA

45 MVA

40 MVA rated

45 MVA


Transformer Upgrade Deferral

• Load growth experienced at a 40MVA substation

• Transformer overloaded during peak ‐> premature failure

• Can replace with 45MVA TX, or install 5MVA ESS

• Annual Avoided Cost– 45MVA x $538/kVA x 9% FCR = $2.1M/yr

• If deferred for 5 years and re‐located– $21M

• Breakeven point for 5VA, 4hr ESS– $4200/kW, $1050/kWh

(31)

Load45 MVA

40 MVA

40 MVA rated

40 MVA

5 MVA


Distribution Asset Optimization

(32)

Tran

sfor

mer

Overhead circuits

Distribution Substation

Underground circuit

69kV 12kV

BESS

Inter‐connect

Critical LoadApplications

Peak Load Relief• Expansion Deferral• Life Extension

Full Time V‐Reg Support• LTC switching reduction• V‐Sag mitigation• Loss reduction• Load phases balancing

Critical Load Backup

Overall improved asset utilization


Lifting Transmission N‐1 Constraint

(33)

1000 MW

1000 MW

1000 MW

0 MW

Constraint• Must assume one line out of

service• Despite having 4000MW of

capacity, can only utilize 3000MW


Lifting Transmission N‐1 Constraint

(34)

+‐1000 M

W

1000 MW

1000 MW

1000 MW

Constraint• Must assume one line out of

service• Despite having 4000MW of

capacity, can only utilize 3000MW

Solution• Add up to 1000MW of energy

storage to meet N‐1 planning criteria

• Able to utilize an extra 1000MW of transmission capacity

1000 MW


ES Need to Supply Xcel Energy’s Peak 2030 Demand for 6 hours

(35)

• Based on projected 2030 peak demand of ~10,000MW as specified in Xcel Energy’s 2016 – 2030 Upper Midwest Resource Plan