Grid codes Grid Compliance and how Vestas turbines can meet the new grid Code demands By Michael Rasmussen
Grid codes
Grid Compliance and how Vestas turbines can meet the new grid Code demands
ByMichael Rasmussen
Transmission Grid Code
Demands:• Fault Ride Through
• Maintain operation of the turbine during a fault on the grid• Frequency range
• Operate the turbine from 47-52 Hz• Frequency control
• Control of the active power during frequency variations• Ramp rate control
• Limit the power increase to a certain rate• Reactive power range
• Supply/consume reactive power • Voltage Control
• By adjusting the reactive power based on grid measurement
Fault Ride Through requirement
Frequency control
• Frequency• Frequency Control• Operating between 47 and 52 Hz
Frequency control requirement
50 5251494847 53
Frequency (Hz)
0
80
60
40
20
100
Gen
erat
ion
Out
put
(% A
vaila
ble
/ Cur
taile
d A
ctiv
e Po
wer
)
Frequency controlCharacteristics and options
∆Pfreq
Max contribution at under Frequency Gain dependant of
increasing or decreasing frequency
Gain dependant of increasing or decreasing over frequency
Over frequency Under frequency
f
Max contribution at over frequency
Dead band
Delta control for Frequency control
• Delta control is used at under frequency support
5 %
V80-2,0 MWFrequency measurement
• Step change in the frequency from 50 Hz to 51 Hz• The turbine is decreasing the active power by 50 kW/s
V80-2,0 MWFrequency measurement
Power Ramp Rate Control
• Power Ramp Rate Control• by VestasOnline for the wind farm
Power limited to e.g. 25 MW/min
Reactive Power Control
• Reactive Power Capability• Constant kVAr set point• Power factor control• Voltage control
Reactive Power Control
Constant KVAr set point Constant PF control Voltage control
V80-2,0 MW capability chartV80-2,0 MW reactive capability chart
-1000
-900
-800
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
kW
kVA
r
Cosphi 0,2 limit
Cosphi 0,2 limit
Cosphi 0,98
Cosphi 0,96
500 kVAr star limit
-500 kVAr star limit
1000 kVAr delta limit
1000 kVAr delta limit
Reactive power control Characteristic of voltage control
U
Capacitive operation Inductive operation
Power factor0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Voltage Dead band
Regulation band
Thank you for your attention