Gregg Shorthand Manual Simplified

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Gregg Shorthand

Manual Simplified

John Robert Gregg

L,ouis A, Leslie

Charles E, Zoubek

THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

Business Education Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.

New York Chicago San Francisco Dallas Toronto London

GREGG SHORTHAND MANUAL SIMPLIFIED

Copyright, 1949, by The Gregg Publishing Company.Copyrighted in the

United States of America, Great Britain and Ireland, France, Italy, and

Spain. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be repro-

duced in any form without permission of the publishers. Oct. 1949-RD-200.

Shorthand Plates Written by

Charles Rader

PUBLISHED BY THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANYBusiness Education Division of the McGraiu-Hill Book Company, Inc.

Printed in the United States of America

PREFACEGregg Shorthand is the most widely used shorthand system

in the world. It has been adapted to many languages in addition

to English, for which the system was originally invented. Thesuccessful use of the system in different languages is striking

evidence of the genius of the inventor, John Robert Gregg, in

devising the most brilliant shorthand alphabet in two thousand

years of shorthand history.

Gregg Shorthand Manual Simplified is the basic manual of

the system. It features a combined inductive and decductive pres-

entation of the principles of outline construction in Gregg Short-

hand. The arrangement of the material allows the instructor

freedom to emphasize the principles as he wishes; several differ-

ent approaches for varying the emphasis are suggested in the

Teacher's Handbook.

The Manual is organized into seventy lessons, each planned

for the usual class period of forty to fifty minutes. The theory

learning has been greatly reduced through the omission of several

hundred brief forms and other similar memory forms, sixty-six

word beginnings and word endings, twenty-six general rules or

principles, and thirteen phrasing devices. As a result, the entire

theory learning is presented in forty-eight lessons, each of which

provides a substantially complete recall of everything previously

presented. The remaining twenty-two lessons in the Manualcontain review and dictation material.

In Gregg Shorthand Manual Simplified the alphabet of GreggShorthand is presented rapidly and in an order designed to

provide an easy introduction to shorthand for the learner. TheHrst shorthand character the learner encounters is the familiar

longhand comma, which is the shorthand character for jf. Thenthe analogous characters for / and v are presented; they, in turn,

iii

\V PREFACE

are followed hv the character for a, which is simply the familiar

longhand cipher. The rapid introduction of the alphabet and the

simplifications of the system make possible the early use of easy,

graded business practice material. Connected matter is used

entirely after the first week of instruction.

At suitable intervals, beginning with Lesson 24, penmanship

drills are provided ; and, beginning with Lesson 37 and continuing

throughout the balance of the book, is a feature that is completely

new in a basic shorthand manual. In the lefthand margin of the

shorthand pages are provided "reminders" of simple conventions

of written English that occur in the accompanying shorthand

context. These "reminders," illustrated in context, increase the

student's awareness and knowledge of English essentials that

are of vital importance in transcription.

The simplifications of Gregg Shorthand and the presentation

of the system in this Manual reHect the findings of research

investigations and the suggestions of innumerable shorthand

teachers. They refiect the illustrious teaching, writing, and pub-

lishing career of John Robert Gregg and the many years of close

association with him that Louis A. Leslie and Charles E. Zoubek,

co-authors of this Manual, were privileged to enjoy. The product

of research, experience, and inspired, capable authorship, this

new Manual of Gregg Shorthand is presented to the teaching

profession and to the public with confidence and appreciation.

The Publishers

CHAPTER I

LESSON 1

1. In shorthand, words are written as they are pronounced.

Know is written no^ say is written sa, sew is written so.

2. The shorthand character for a is a large circle. The short-

hand character shown below for s and z is approximately the

size and shape of a longhand comma. The shorthand character

for / is the same shape but about half the height of the space

between the lines in the shorthand notebook; the v is the same

shape but the full height of the space between the lines in the

notebook.

o(^ face ^

A SandZ F V

say ^ face ^ saves

safe / save y vase

3. The shorthand character for ^ is a tiny circle. The shorthand

characters for n and tn are straight lines about the same length

as an underscore under the corresponding letters in longhand.

E N M

see

CHAPTER I

4. The strokes representing t and d are written upward.

T D

team

tame 7^

meet

mate

need

^

neat —i^

steam X^

stain X^

stay y^

seat ^

seed

feet

feed

fade

fate

A

^5. The shorthand character for o is very small. The curve

representing r is the same size as the curve for /; the /, the same

size as the v.

O R

row

low

toe

dough

no __^

snow 2-^

so ^

c/ «

sore ^^—

^

soul ^ -

wrote «—

^

tear -^

tear ^tore

y^"^

steer >^^

stare

store

^

steal K-—"

s*:ale Z-^-^'

stole ^stone y^

stove 7

LESSON 1

note

vote

near

mere

kneel

nail

meal

mail

mole

dear

/

6. The sound of h is represented by a dot written above the

following vowel.

hay O

hoe o'

home

whole

hear

hail

7. Vowels may be omitted when they do not contribute to speed

or legibility.

leauerJei motor hearer

CHAPTER I

LESSON 2

8. In Paragraph 2 one tiny curve was given for s and z. Another

curve is also used for j and z in order to provide an easy joining

in any combination of sounds. It is not necessary at this point to

attempt to decide which of the two curves to use in any word;

this will become clear as the study of shorthand progresses. Thesecond form of s and z is given below.

S and Z

r rpay

pair

my

might

night

mine

-^

CHAPTER I

LESSON 3 7

13. The small circle also represents three vowel sounds. In

addition to the long e that has already been learned, it represents

the sound of /' heard in limit and the sound of e heard in get. Thedot and dash may be used to give a positive distinction as shown.

The small circle is also used to represent the obscure vowel sound

heard in her, church, worse.

him

CHAPTER I

just as in longhand we abbreviate Mister as Mr. These abbre-

viations are called "brief forms."

can ,—

.

I, E S S O N 3

> s.

-^

r -^

- 9 .

> 7. _/:

^>^^v

>

7/ 9 9. ^

A^

^ >

12.

> 10.

11. <^_

^^<£: ^

"SIP --^-^ >

^ y ^^^

^

10 CHAPTER I

LESSON 4

19. The hook that represents o In shorthand also represents

the vowel heard in stock and the vowel heard in cause. The three

sounds may be distinguished as shown below

:

sorry

stock

follow

.^

(>operate

20. Brief Forms

put (

be, by

but

for y

21. Phrases

of the i/^

of their c^

of his ^

of which /

for the /^

for which y^

have /

shall, ship /

which /

could .-"^/^

load

coal

close

frozen 4^

of cy

with <f

is, his y

their, there ^

I will have ^2_---7

I will be Q_y

I shall have

I shall be

I shall not be

I shall not have

LESSON 4 11

22.

Reading and Writing Practice

^9 .^-^

9 .

24. X^ /^^—t^ ^'

/ ;>

^-r

X>^-y

-c? Xv

/o ^9 L r ,:^y^

/O

12 CHAPTER I

25.

^

4>

/^^^^

Tz::?

^V >•

^1^ > ^ ^

LESSON 5 13

LESSON 5

26. The sound of ses is represented by joining the two forms

of s.

case ^-^ senses ^^^j race t_^

cases ^^ face c:^ races <^_/^

sense ,:^^ faces ^^^ says /

27. To in phrases is represented by / before a downstroke.

to be ^ to till ^ to pay ^to have /^ to plan -^ ^-,

ô change ^

to say -^ to buy ^ to show '

^

s28. The letter x is usually represented by an 5, written with a

slight backward slant.

miss

misses

mixes

mix

fix Xfixes ^^

tax /^

taxes ys

coax .---z.


14 CHAPTER I

y /^

^9 . ^ cz^ .^

J^^.

l^ -^7

^^^ (^

30. r r

/a ^ ^ ^

/ r r

^

>

3/ ^

31,

c/^

/^ ^ ^K >

C ::C€ a^

r f. 'cLp

32.

r ^^ c^

O ^

J^- _^ /o. ^ ^>

LESSON 5 15

/c^

34

z^ J

y • ^.^- ^ X

^

^ ^

^

^^

^-^ >^-i/

f. />

-^ ^

^

16 C H A P 1' E R I

LESSON 6

3S. The joinings of the shorthand characters are so easy and

natural that it hardly seems necessary to give rules or even

explanations. It is interesting, however, to see the groups into

which the joinings naturally fall:

A. Circles are written inside curves, outside angles.

appearipp ^re lieve <-cy

B. Circles are written clockwise on a straight line or between

two straight lines in the same direction.

edge / aim ^^— may

mean c— main ,^^- deed

C. Between two curves in opposite directions, the circle is

written on the back of the first curve.

vapor yCP carriage ..-<2^ pavmg

skill >--«2__-- kill ,-—Q__^ rack

D. The hook is written on its side before n, m, r, I unless

a downward character comes before the hook.

own cz home c: knowledge

bone 0— bowl Cl ^^ zone ^

LESSON 6 17

E. The clockwise th is useci in most joinings; but when th is

joined to o, r, I, the other form is used.

thread both these /9

F. It is seldom necessary in ordinary dictation to make any

distinction between s and z or between the two sounds of th. It is

possible, however, to make the distinction by placing a small dash

against the heavier of the two sounds in each pair.

cease

seize

^

^

lath

lathe

G. The exact placement of a shorthand outline on the line of

writing is of no importance. As a matter of convenience, how-

ever, the base of the first consonant of a word is placed on the

line of writing, disregarding s before downstrokes.

space / dome names


o C^

CHAPTER I

"^

. ^

/r.

LESSON 6

>

/. ^^^>"

19

.O'

^-^^ C2^

CHAPTER II

LESSON 7

42. Brief Forms

that ^ them r"

right, write « <P were, year <z_-^

must y- Mr., market

*to, too, two

*you, your ^

*Yours truly /y^

desire. Dear Sir y^*The hook in this outHne represents the sound of oo, which

will be studied later.

43. Word beginning ex-

express C^ extreme

explain (__$2— extra ^^-^


44.^ ^ ^ y- ^ . ^_^ c^ ^(^ ^ ^ u^ ^^ ^ <>^

expense

exclaim

^^^

C^4 ^4

r

20

LESSON 7 21

r ^ ^ ^

^45

46.

^

/

47.

. ^<Zf

>

^ z48.

^^^

> C7 ^:d-^

^ ^ /?

^^ ^ O

r

^ r^

<z.^

/

22 CHAPTER II

LESSON 8

49. The word endings -tion and -tial are represented by sh.

The word ending -dent is represented by sht; -ciency, by shse.

These word endings are spelled in a number of different ways

in longhand.

nation -/^

action ^^;r~)

operation Cy^

occasion c-^

efficient V^

essential

partial

financial ^ss^-'^r:'-?

cancellation^ ^ efficiency i/

national _v^ patient ^

initial

official

-7^

750. The method of expressing amounts and quantities shown

here is especially useful in business dictation. The sign for hundred

is the shorthand character for n placed beneath the figure.

300 ^ $3 Jy^

LESSON 8 23


52.

^ >c Z^ r ^y^ -r ^ ^ 2^ y^ ^J^ ^

^^c ^ ^

-r^ / ^ -

—

^jp

/o O 9-v/ ^ c^

^-^

-^. 7

«-r

^ ^ ^

^ c^ <^ . ^ - ^ 'df -^ ,_JP

..-^ ^ ^ /^-?>' ^ ^ y^'p

r -^

24 CHAPTER II

=^ /, 9 : / "^ ^^7 /d? ^

^

' <s'^-?rr7

/ ^ ^V

LESSON 8 25

, 7

/

57.

^-^

.-^^ 4 ^ ^ >^ ^^ ----

_r ^^>-^ ^ _- ^ c2^ N

£X7

26 CHAPTER II

LESSON 9

59. Brief Forms

been C- please C___^

they f^ when ct—

was ^ like ^_^^

60. Been In phrases

had been ^/ you have been

have been / have not been

I have been / has been

61. Able In phrases

have been able

I have been able

I have not been able

had been able (yf ^ you will be able ^''——^

62. Small circle for word ending -/^, loop for word endings

-il"^ and -all'j.

from ^

than, then

should

it has been

there has been

should have been

has been able

should be able

to be able

fairly c::>^ early <2_^ nearly

briefly Cf only ci_^ dally

;rely ^^l-^_^ openly ^ readilysincei

LESSON 9 27

easily ^ family

hastily ^^ especially


totally

occasionally <^"^

^ y^ 2 ^ ^ ^ r

V <:4r

^--r

64.

^

^

^r <^-^ ^ <l-t^" y ^ ^

^

^^

65. ^^^

^. ^4 ^ ^ ^ ^// r ^ Z

28 CHAPTER II

-^

yo ^ (^^

-^66. ^

CLJ'

C^l^

67.

^ ^ C^^^- /^

> ^ c^ y

^ r^ ^,

3v ^

2

68.

< 9

A9

71^.

LESSON 9 29

7 ^ —^ ^-e

^^<^

"^/> y/

^^

<z_^

^69 _

^ ^^

/

^^

^

^ r /

30 CHAPTER II

LESSON 10

70. The diphthong oi is written ^

toy /-^ soil Jl

oil cjZ.^-^^ annoy (-;7-z^

toil y^—

^

noise —z^

71. Word endings -tire, -ture

failure cxd^.^^-^ figure

securely ^::?~~~-^ procure

72. Word endings -ual, -tual

annua

voice

joining

avoid

nature

picture

/

73. Omission of vowel in re-, be-, de-, d'ts-, mis-

beganreceive

reserve7

rec eipt c^

reception

revision

reverse

repeat

7

7

became

beneath

below

C

r

replace <_-^

begin (^""^^ because

LESSON 10 31

deserve

deceive

debate

decision /^

desertion /

delay

^/ deposit y'^^ destroy

XJ displace ^t_^P misplace

display /C_^^ mistake

dispatch ^^ mistaken

discretion/""^ misery

disguise /^ ^ misleadin


1-^

32 CHAPTER II

76.

• ^^ ^ ^^

ef

^

II.

/^

;

^ /-^

^/^ ^ ^

>/^ ^

> 7" ^

cxL—^

'P

LESSON' 10 33

r cA ^

^ 4 ^ ^<r<r

^

79.

r^ ^ ^ ^ (2^

80. ^ - ^ ^ ,^^ /- y y^ ^ ^

9

^

34 CHAPTER II

LESSON 11

81. Brief Forms

*and, end ^ bill C_^ what ^^

side ^ after A' most

business ^ all <^ Mrs. ,_^

*This upward curve represents the nd combination, which will

be studied later.

82, Any vowel following a long i is represented by a small

circle within the large circle.

signs ^^-^ via {z lion \^_,,^-'

science (^-7 diet / violin ^îL^-s*—

riot L_i^ diary /^ Miami -—^—«=>

83. The sounds of la and ^« as in piano and create are repre-

sented by a large circle with a ciot placed within it.

piano (^^/"^ mania .

—

j^^rc? initiate cr^

ycreate .—-îJ^ creation .—

^

variation cP'^^-^

area QJP appreciate O. negotiate

84. Hook and circle vowels may be joined in the order in which

they occur.

poetry (^'''-^ rayon *-/^ folio i>i. ^

poem (> radio <^_J^^'^'"^ snowy -'=^-t>'

LESSON 11 3S

85.

J

Readlng and Writing Practice

-V

36 CHAPTER II

c^

87.

^ ^ /

r

/

rz

C.

9 ^ .

^ ^^ ^^

<z_^ ^

SV ^..^

.r^T-^ L^

.^ V

89.

r

^/^

/^^^

LESSON 11 37

My ^^ ^

^

^ y ^

^90.

<:^l_^-z>- ^^ ex: /

^^ > r /^

38 CHAPTER II

LESSON 12

91A. The word been is represented by b after have, has, had.

1 have been / it has been ^^ had been l^f^

B. The word able is represented by a after be or been.

had been able ^ will be able ^C. The word beginning re- is represented by r before a down-

stroke or a vowel.

revise

7rearrange <.j2j2y reservation

D. The word beginning de- is represented by d except before

deservê ^/ decline degrade


/f^ / ^ --7

/^ / ^^ ^ ^/>. ^^^ /^ ^

LESSON 12 39

93. y^ Z^^^ ^r^^ ^— ^ ^^V-- ^ ^-v/

_^ /^^ J '^ -^ ^^<; ^ ^ ^ ^/^

94. ^ .-<L^ : ^ ^ c^ ^-^^

3"

^^>^^ / >f ^ -^

^

y^ (^ O ^ ^ --^_^ ^. ^>

40 CHAPTER II

I,F, SSON 12 41

^^^^

Q^

z -? c^ ^^-—-^

CHAPTER III

LESSON 13

99. A tiny hook expresses the three vowel sounds heard in

the words up, foot, food. The three sounds may be distinguished

as shown below :

mistrust

1 00. Words beginning w, sw^ wh

we ^ water ^-2^

way ^wait ^^

war

wall

food

who

do

through

choose

whose

truth

move

cool

^

/

worst „z^^

woods /-?r^

wool ^-7^

42

LESSON 13 43

44 CHAPTER III

102. r

^ J

/o p

r

;>

^9

i ^ /F

103. > ^ ^ r

C-^-:^ ^ <L-^ ^^^ / r

^ C^^ > ^ ^ .

^ / y< ^ ^^ y y ^

y ^

104.

/ y

^^. Z^

^V'

LRSSON 13

r ^ /Q ^

^ ^

J

105,

y

cr:;'^

—

z

<2-r

^

106. ^

45

>>

^ ^ ^2-

^

46 CHAPTER III

^2 ^

LESSON 14 47

LESSON 14

107. Brief Forms

this (^ send ^^

thing, think (^- glad

enclose —--^ letter, let

108. The word ending -ther

about

very

worth .1^

48 CHAPTER III

110.

cc

Q-^

K-^ ^

r<' -. ^

L E S S (J N 14 49

y

113./^ j/: ^

114./^

C^::^^

^ / /iP

-7^

r 6^

^ -^

^

n ^ Û.

y

^ cz r

115,

-7" -"1^ ^^

50 CHAPTER III

^^ ^

^-_ ^ J

^.^''^ ^ x^

t J- ^

LESSON 155J_

LESSON 15

116. The sound of w in the body of a word

twin /tr doorway / quiet ^^^^

quick --'^'^ queen ^--^—

railway (_j2__^ quite "T!^

117. Words beginning ah or aw

ahead .}f await .^ awoke . -z:.—

.

ly .A^ awake^P'~^

aware .^pZâwai

118. y before a hook vowel is expressed by the small circle.

Ye at the beginning of a word is expressed by a small loop; "â,

by a large loop.

yawn ^— youth ^ Yale <::::ii -

yacht (^ yellow ^:i

—

-^ yarn c::^..^.--


119 ^ Q^_^ .- -^^^^^^ ^

^^-€__^

i^ ^:^^ y^ r ---^-z. c^- ^=7-2^ ^ ^ ^

52 CHAPTER III

120.

O'—T^

J

5^

^121. y^ 9 . P a^ Q_J?

^^ ^ y /"/. /

7/-^

y^

122.

y^ ^^^^^ - ^?^

^ y

^^

r

LESSON 15 S3

^

y '9

123./ /-^^^^ . ,^>^ y^-^

y

crf ^'

^ ^

<^^-i^

^> —^

/

54 CHAPTER III

124./

<^. ^ .A^

;^ ^

LESSON 16 55

LESSON 16

125. Brief Forms

necessary -^

doctor,

during

yet ^

believe, bbelief

satisfy, ^^^satisfactory

next_Y='

deliver

return

work

126. The short sound of li is omitted before «, ni, or a straight

downstroke.

some

run

sun

127. The sound of ng is written

(spelled «^) is written ^^_^

ring ^.c_

rang c-i2_

wrong <—<-

rung ^^

brins

young

length

strong

^f^

56 CHAPTER III


/o ^

^ 9 ^ Z^

^ 9 «2-r

r?

130.

^

LESSON 16 57

cr

~7

7 /^y ^

^

131.x ^^ .^ ^-^ <^^ /" ^

/ ^ - >^^ y (3) r ^ ^-^^^

CHAPTER III

-—

o

^r y

133.

C_^ > .P-"

/-y

^^

/^ ^ y^ c ^^ y^^ ^ s ^ r

LESSON 17 59

LESSON 17

134. Brief Forms

remit, «^-*»—

remittance

where CL^

great

over

among undei company, keep ^^*The outlines for under and over are written above the follow-

ing shorthand character. These may also be used as prefix forms,

as in underneath, overcome.

135. The combination rd is represented by writing the r with

an upward turn at the finish. The combination Id is expressed

by raising the end of the / in the same manner.

near —e_^

neared —e^

feared o^

hard (Z^

heard «—>'


60 CHAPTER III

^ J 7 ^^ ^y

^^^v_J^ -^"

^:^.-<

^^ "-^

.^ ^

6/ C2^ ^

^^r

C^. ^

^ >

138. ^

•w ^

/ ^c.-^^

y ^

/O- ^

^

LESSON 17 61

^139. ^ ^ '^^-^-^ ^-^- "^^.^ ^ /

7

--^-^

.-^^

^ ^ ^>

'7 -140

^

7^ ^ ^ / '^ ^^^ 1^ ^ ^- ^ cL— / ^-i— — -^ :? ^ ^

1

>

t ^ p^ ^

62 CHAPTER III

^ y^

^ / C_^ C2^

142.

/^

Q' y.

^ Y

y

X r

c_^ <=^

^ /^

LESSON 18 63^

LESSON 18

143A. The oo hook is written on its side after n, m.

—^3__ smooth Z—r^ famous ^^:?'^-~tnoon

B. The word endings -ure, -ual are represented by r and / except

after downstrokes.

creature ^-—P-"^-^ feature

pleasure C._^^ visual

C. At the beginning of a word and after ^, ^, or a downstroke,

the combination us is written without an angle.

just h^ discuss ^ ^ husky 2.~2>

D. At the beginning and end of words the comma s is used

before and after /, i, k, g; the left s, before and after ^, ^, r, /.

safety ^ globes ^—-

—

-yr sails d> ^^

spares Q^ skate >-^ rags i_^^—

^

E. The comma 5 is used before /, ^, «, w, o; the left 5 is used

after those characters.

stones y^^ solos ^ -^ needs —z^

F. The comma s is used before and after sh, ch, j.

sashes j sages / reaches <^-y/'

64 C H AFTER III

G. The comma 5 is used in words consisting of s and a circle

vowel or s and th and a circle vowel.

see ^ these /f seethe ^Reading and Writixg Practice

144. The Miser

^

^

^^

LESSON 18 65

^J ^^ ^

^ -9

V\ r ^ :

^- ( (^ 9

Aesop's Fables

145. The Nurse and the Wolf

r

•o^ r

/ -t^

-^ -^ >

<^

/ ^ ^

^^; (^

66 CHAPTER III

^ J . (<—Aesop's Fables

146. The Maid and the Chickens

c/<rc

9 ^^ ^ , /

^^ Q^ T ^ ^^rT< ^ . ^:^

X ^ -^ ^ î!^^—^ I(^^"-^ X" X —Aesop's Fables

147. The Lion and the Rabbit

. ,_^^ .^^^ ^^-^ . yp ;, r /^. f

^ :

LESSON 1 67

'<^, r- ^^ .^Z^ -^ o^^ -^•^- 7- . Q^ C^

^ ^ _-

>^^ ^ /

>^ ^> ^

-Aesop's Fables

CHAPTER IV

LESSON 19

148. The diphthong // is written ^

unit if-^ review ^^

tube

few ^ huge / pure yO

view ^ fuel .Â^^.^ beauty

149. The diphthong ax is written A^

ounce (^fr scout ^'"'7/

now —^ doubt

cow ^"^^ power

150. Brief Forms

how, out ^ ever

use d^ every

those (^ soon


^^

one, won

importance,

important

niatter

68

LESSON 19 69

l^

^ > p

—zp ;

152.

V ^-Tf L <

—

z ^

<r<r

^>-—

>

Z6-7 >

7^ C^

153. ^^

rr

7 ^^^ 7

70 CHAPTER IV

^^

LESSON 19 71

r- f -^ .-V

156. X ^

'V

c^.

72 CHAPTER I\'

LESSON 20

157. Brief Forms

several 1any —c.

A\orld ^^

suggest,

suggestion

unable

always

rone

usual, wisTi / week, weak ^

158. The combinations ted, ded, det are represented by

treat

treated

heat y^

heated

seat ^seated

rate

159. The combinations men, mem are represented by.

knee —^^ mended ^ months

me . o mental /^ i^ninute ^

many ^ mentioned y memory

meant X examine ^^ —" member

mend __— ^ woman ^-t^ women

LESSON 20 73

160


^^

^ ^

7

/

161 ; ^^

z J2-

^

^

^V r

Cs^ -^ ^ ^ ^ ^'^

^

^/. /v^ f

T

e^ ^

/^ ^ ^^^

^

74 CHAPTER IV

<2_-^

^ ^ / ^^ ^^^-^

-^---r162.

^ ^-y -^^> o / ^ / /^ <:»'">

<^. ^ ^ .^^^:^>>% .^

163.^ 9 .

^.^

— -^—

,

^^

<2 -;?< V ,^

164./^-/^ ^_^ ^X^ -^ ' /^^

LESSON 20 75

/^

^

. z

><_ - y-. ^^ ^—

^^

165.

-t^^

/

^

^

76 CHAPTER I\'

LESSON 21

166. The shorthand characters for n-t, n-d are joined without

an angle to represent nt, nd, thus: __^

sign (;;^^ fastened ^:^^ parents Qj^-^

signed ^^^^-^ band (o^ recent '-<2-^

trained A-^^"^ thousand ^^^^ entire

strained y^-J^^-^ explained C_ S^^ entry

joined ^^^-"^ grand ^ LJ2-^ into ^

planned C J2y print Cj2^

friendly Cjs^ plenty C .J^

bond

rind

kind

hind ^

rent

event

point

excellent

^167. The shorthand characters for m-t, m-d are joined without

an angle to represent mt, nid, thus:

L p: s s () N 21 77

168. Brief Forms

did, date X individual

morning office ^

want got

opportunity O-

general

big


169. x^c:^^ >2- ^

78 CHAPTER IV

^^ ^^ ^

^-^^ ^

^<r<r

<^ O'

-^^ i' r ^ e^.

/^^

^<^ (f

/(PS-

c/^ ^ >

r -^

^J^ X ^

LESSON 21

172. '^ ^s"^- • 4--r z

79

9 .

^^ ^

^ ^^^>:^ ^?

7. ^/7 ^ >

")

^^. ^^ ^ 7

^173./^ o2- Ô' ^ ^^^

^174.

^

/v

— c:^?:^

Î <^

/V'> ^'^

80 CHAPTER IV

l^

175. /^ r

^ ^ ^^ J ^r

^^

>

^9- ^. ^

LESSON 22

LESSON 22

176. A minor vowel may often be omitted when two vowels

occur together. The oo hook is often used to represent the

diphthong u.

new

amuse

induce

genuine

(f

pneumonia

strenuous

remunerate

"g:>

^jjÂa— produce Ct^^-^

^

theory J^-^

genius

tedious

ideal

177. Days and Months

Sunday 2— January

Monday 32— February

Tuesday y^ March

Wednesday J7-^ April

Thursday ->—

r

May

Friday O^ June

Saturday ^^^ July

178. The stenographer must be able to write the commonplace names rapidly and accurately.

August

September

October

November

December

New York __^

Chicago y^

Detroit

Boston

Nebraska r6 Pennsylvania o

82 CHAPTER IV

Philadelphia .:<;;^_^ Memphis Missouri

Illinois


Los Angeles ^__^^^ California6

.J.2

LESSON 22 83

_ /181./^ ___ ^ ^ z-*-^ ^ ^ .

J /

-^

^ - -.s r

84 CHAPTER IV

LESSON 23 85

LESSON 23

185. Before n the diphthong ow is omitted. When this omission

occurs between n and n, a jog is used to indicate the omitted diph-

thong. The syllable moun is represented by the men blend.

186. The word beginnings per-, pur-, pro-

187. The word ending -wt'«/

excitement/^'' payment

moment

experimented o^ ;

xperimental

rrangement (2_^^ appointment (jz.-^ fundamental

agreement

86 CHAPTER IV

188. The word ending -ble

available cx^—-^ suitable J>/'

reliable ._>€__^ payable

sensible terrible

cable

desirable

possible


<y^

189.

r:

^

190. y^^ n ^ tT.

/^-^

y ,^. r^

y /^ /o

/

^

^ .jy ^ ^

LESSON 23 87

191.x ,a^ r

r(^^--z^ ^Z^ ^^ ^ . d

192.

f ( /-^ > y^

"-^

^^ £

^

/ / ^

^c.^ ^ cL r

193. ^

>

CHAPTER IV

^

3Sd^ ^

194.

^ _

,1^

^ ^ J^

u

> ^ ^

^^

,^ ^^ J

/O

^^/

9 -<i^

/^

Q..^

195./ ^^ C ^ ._^^ '^ ^ -^

^ _ ^

LESSON 23 89

^r

90 CHAPTER IV

LESSON 24

196A, To give the learner a clear mental picture of the proper

shapes of the shorthand strokes that he is studying, an enlarged

model of the alphabetic characters and of the typical joinings is

given, together with a short explanation of the things that the

writer should keep in mind as he writes.

The following practice procedure is suggested

:

a. Read the explanations carefully.

b. Study the model to see the application of each explanation.

c. Copy the first word in the practice drill.

d. Compare what you have written with the enlarged model.

e. Write three or four more copies, trying to improve your

outline with each writing.

f. Repeat this procedure with the remaining outlines in the

practice drill.

B. R L K G

To write these strokes accurately

:

a. Start and finish each one on the same level of writing.

b. Make the beginning of the curve in r and / deep. Make the

end of the curve in k and g deep.

c. Make the / and g at least twice as long as r and k.

Practice Drill:

Q^ ^ ^ Âre-our-hour, will-well, can, go-good.

Air, lay, ache, gay.

LESSON 24 91

C. Kr Rk Gl

To write these combinations accurately

:

a. Make the curves rather flat.

b. Make the combinations kr and rk somewhat shorter than

the combined length of r and k when written by themselves.

c. Make the combination gl somewhat shorter than the com-

bined length of ^ and / when written by themselves.

Practice Drill:

Cream, crate, maker, mark, dark.

Gleam, glen, glare, eagle.


197. Businessmen's Likes

/O

^-r

92 CHAPTER IV

V . 9

(^- <y cy CZ-- y

^>(^ ^198. Tips for the Beginning Secretary

r (^ C2-

^^r

y>

^

Z -zr > r

^

^^ f f^

^. ^

"Y > ^

c:::rcy

199. The Pleasure of Work

LESSON 24 93

94 CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

LESSON 25

201. -SHIP

friendship C^2^ apprenticeship^^^^-^relationships

township /~~/ steamships >^ / ownership

202. -CLE, -CAL

mechanical , jr:^-^physical ^ medical

musical -, technical y^^^^~7-~> critical

203. -SELF, -SELVES

7

yourself 'y

myself j^

himself 'c;—

204. After-

herself 'q_^

itself y^

oneself ^

themselves f

ourselves i_--j'

yourselves ^

afternoon ^Zj__ afterthought Jy^ aftermath 2-^

Reading AxNd Writing Practice

^r

^

^ A ^~95

96 CHAPTER V

9 .

>-—

I

r

^ ^^

L n

^, ^y >

^^

^^

c

C^ ^

207. -7

^ ^

lp:sson 25 97

98 CHAPTER V

209. X ^ ^^^ ^ Q ^ ^

3/^f ^^1^2^ s r^<^

''^

r-?^ ;^ ^ r

210.

/ > -^ ^ -^

V ^/

^/-^

r (^-^

^ ^ ^ ^ k^ ^

^

LESSON 26 99

LESSON 26

211. Brief Forms

property L^ order c^^ speak (

progress C-_^ ^ enable .^^ such

purpose (^ upon C- streety""^

212. The combinations jent-d, pent-d are represented by C/

gentle C/ legend t -^r^y suspend

urgent ^/ opened C^ depend ^cy

intelligent ^/-^^^y/ happened cZ^ respond »—-^

regent c^ . spend O^ cheapened y^

j

diligent / ^_^ expend C^ carpenter

213. The combinations def-v, tif, tiv are represented by

native —^ / define '(^^ divide ^/f

captive y^^ defend ( Z^ division ( V

motive .-—^/ definite ( /^^ develop (cxC-^

positive C/y different CCjzy devoted

sensitive ^^^^j-^/y? difference ( Lp-7 devise

creative ,--^—^/ differ ( C^ divert ^ £xl^

defy (^ default < ^v.—--^^ divorce ( u~^

100 CHAPTER V


214.

2 ^ ^ <<^^

9^

1

215. - /f ^

r . ^

3^/

^

j/^ /

^ /-^^

^^^

^

216.^ z^ J^ r- ^ J^:^ ^

r

l.KSSON 26 101

^J-^:^ y^ ^

^^

X ^^ e^

217. X^Z^ C-^2-. ^ , k ^^

^/

^^^/-

\ <7

y

^ ^ ^ . -^ ^^

102 CHAPTER V

LESSON 27 103

LESSON 27

220. Electr-, electric

electric .—

>

electric fan ^êlectrical ^->._^ electric motor

—

z/

221. Inter-, intr-, enter-

interfere ^:>^ interrupt C^

interference .=<:>2^ introduce y^

interfered ,,^ introduction^^^

internal "=\____^ enter

international 'Z-/^ entered y^

222. Short-, ship-

shortsighted

shortly ^

shorter e_.

shorten

shortened

shortage

electric wire ^^^_^

"electric iron (S^

enters

entering "T

entrance —^

enterprise C^

enterprising (j^

shipload

shipwreck «_«<^

/

shipyard C:^-^

223.


Zj^ ^ <^ (^ .i_^ r^ c^

c^

^

104 CHAPTER V

225.

<^-r

i.p:ss()N 27

y^

105

^.

^^

"'y -^ ^ f — ^ ^. c^ - ^—

^

^ c^-^'^.- /^ '':=^^1^ (^^^

226

c^. ' ^ ^

"^ ^^

r C-. ;

y>

/ry^ C^>

/

106 CHAPTER V

221.y^ (Ls-^

7

^ -^

/ ^^

^y<-^

I.

^

J ^ ^ ^ ^/^'

.^

LESSON 28 107

LESSON 28

228. Because of the frequency of the following phrases, a

shght modification is made of the outlines for some words in

the phrases. Do not extend these modifications to similar phrases.

of course c-^ I had ^^ we hope k -

you will

of course it is <^-v^ to him y^ to us /^

as soon as ^ I hope ( let us <<_—-^^

as soon 2^ we hope ( your order âs possible

to do /^ to our /""-^ worth while .-rr^

229. The nt combination is used to add not to was and to the

one form of is shown below. The apostrophe is used to show the

contracted forms.

was not ti^ there was not _.^«i>/ wasn't t>^

it was not y<^C^ there is not ^y<-^ I wasn't c^^

he was not <^^ it is not y^^^ it isn't

230. In expressions of time, ago is represented by g.

days ago /""'^"^ months ago ^^—piinutesago

weeks ago <f^ >, years ago <2_2>--- ^ ^°"§ ^§^

231. The hook is omitted from vcant when want is phrased

after a pronoun.

I want cxy he wants a^ do you want

108 CHAPTER V

who wants y^z^^ if you want A^you want

we want ^2-^ they want /*^^ I wanted

232.


LESSON 28 109

no CHAPTER V

236. c^ yV ^

^ -7 /^/^

^

5~ SD

^^

7" 7 Sip

r

^^ r

V ^

LESSON 29 111

LESSON 29

237. -FUL, -IFY

helpful Q -^ hopefulness

thoughtful -^ thankful ^

gratefully ^ ^-^^ careful ^""^^

useful ^ dignified

238. -IFICATION

classification

modification

qualifications

239. -GRAM

telegram X-

justification

verification

yA

cablegram 'o^

240. -RITY

radiogram

program

specifications /

C-.

monogram .

diagram /^^

majority

minority

authority c^"-^

241. -LITY, -LTY

utility ^^*"

security ^^^-->

sincerity ^^^^2.^

familiarity

faculty J-^ possibility

112 CHAPTER V

facility {^ penalty C- reliability

personality <^S_ ability/^

flexibility


242.^ ^-^y /^^^ ^ ^—<2^ ^ f ^ cJ^:^

9 .-^_j^ y 9 ^--- 9- a^ r

^

^ y^ ^^^^ c/^

^ ^ ^ c^

243.^ j

6%

> 4

f

J

^ ^^>

s (^

-^

LESSON 29 113

114 CHAPTER V

-ZJ^ N ^

®

^ ^

3"^

^^.^ -^^

> / ^ ^-^ /

246. ^ ^ y^ y^ ///^ /7

247 ^

55-

'.^7 ^

^ 97

^ <« ^

^

LESSON 29 115

^

9

. 1Cy^

J i

116 CHAPTER V

248A. B

LESSON 30

V .; P . F

To write these strokes accurately

:

a. Give them approximately the slant indicated by the dotted

lines.

b. Make the curve deep at the beginning of v, f, comma s;

make the curve deep at the end of b, p, left s.

c. Make the s tiny ; b and v the full height of your notebook line ;

p and / about half the height of your notebook line.

Practice Drill

^ ^ f ^ ^ J^ ^Puts, spare, business, bares, stairs, sphere, leaves, briefs.

B. Pr Pl Br Bl

cTo write these combinations accurately:

a. Write each without a pause between the first and second

letter of each combination.

b. Watch your proportions carefully.

Practice Drill

O 0> c^

Press, pray, prim, plan, plate, place. Brim, brief, bread,

blame, blast.

LESSON 30 117

C. ¥R FL

To write these combinations accurately:

a. Write them with one sweep of the pen, with no stop between

the/and ther or/.

Practice Drill

Free, free/,e, frame, fiee, flame, flap.


249. The Deerhound

118 CHAPTER V

y^^

^ .^ d ^"% J

r

r ^f^^

/ ^ r

O^

^-

(2_>*/

^^ &250. The Miller, His Son, and Their Donkey

^.

LESSON 30 119

o^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^<i-

^ / ^

^

^¥ ^ ^

/^-^r

r^

/^

^«r<'

• ^-e?

^^Q^ ^ /^^

^

J ^ ^

120 CHAPTER V

-Aesop's Fables

CHAPTER VI

LESSON 31

251. The combinations den, ten are represented by an upward

curve, thus :

/"^^

sudden

hidden

widen /P^^^

wooden .^t^*^

deny (

evidence /

danger f /

dinner (

attainable O (

sustained

252. The combinations dem, tern are represented by a longer

upward curve, thus

:

tomorrow

customer

121

122 CHAPTER VI

Respectfully yours

Yours very truly

253. Special Business Forms

tome ( Dear Madam

to make ( Dear Miss

to know ( Yours sincerely ,^ Very truly yours

Gentlemen Cy Sincerely yours ^j,;?-^. Cordially yours .^-

Dear Mr. ( Very sincerely / Yours cordially ^>^

Dear Mrs. ( Yours respectfully^-^^Very cordially yours


254. ( y _—

.

y ^^f>^ r y^

7^

A

>^~V7

LESSON 31

255. CcP 7

^

123

y

y- 1^

9

2S6.

9

9,

-!$'

-r"

"^;. ^^ ^ ^ ^.

/^Z'

^ /^

257.

^

V r

(y? y^

124 CHAPTER VI

/y r cy

c ^ y^

^

258. ^ jL , ^

o ^

/ a^

^ r

^ ^^ r

r

2S9.

9^

^ >

y?

LESSON 31 125

^ <X7 >

^

126 CHAPTER VI

LESSON 32

260. Brief Forms

time ( difficult ( /^ merchandise —Yjôrdinary o^ why (P purchase C^

stand y^ merchant ^---^^

261. Tern, term; dern, derm; thern, therm

turn /^

turns f'~^

turned J^

attorney ^p^

pattern //*"

eastern "^^

262. Ort

port Cr"

export 0-^

report i_^

deport y^Zr^ reporter c^ quarter


southern )3<*^^

thermometerf^^

263. r

LESSON 32 127

264.

't' {^ /- C-j^ <^ ^ ^ / V ^->,

'

/C ^ . ^^ ^ ^ ,^

^

cc

y^

-^

i

(^ (^ ^ yy ^—0x2^

> ^

128 CHAPTER \' I

/^ ^ ^ ^ ^•

265. / —^-^ -^ --x <Cy^ -

^

^ ^ ^ ^X ^

266. .

267.

? >b ^^ (yL..^

>

9 oZST^

9

;?

<2_^ 9 <^ /t^

^;^.

y ^^ ^f

^'

r

LESSON 32 129

130 CHAPTER VI

LESSON 33

269. The t is omitted from words ending in ct {kt) . The past

tense and the er, or derivatives are formed with the disjoined

character because the last letter of the root word is missing.

Most of the endings used to form derivatives may be joined —-ive, -ivity, -fid, -Hon, and others.

act ^âcted t^:/^^

actor i^j'T^

active

attraction (;f^''^

distract

Vactivity

respect

respected

270. There are seven words of one syllable ending in st from

which the t is omitted.

best

rest i-y^

test ^

first

past

last

^f

cost

rested

lasts

271. The final t is omitted in words of more than one syllable

ending in st except as explained in the next paragraph.

earnest honest latest

LESSON 33 131

nicest --0^ protested C^cX^

surest Ô^ interest y>

protest (L<X dentist

protests Ot>^ motorists

272. If the last letter of the root word is missing or if the word

ends in a vowel, a disjoined st is used to represent the endings

-ist and -est.

clowest

earliest

individualist

highest CP

happiest

Ybusiest So shortest

greatest ^—L-^ prettiest


^/^

O^jy

132 CHAPTER VI

LESSON 33 133

134 CHAPTER VI

<^ - <^^.

^

X-p r ^ f^

c

LESSON 34 135

LESSON 34

278. Brief Forms

body

consider, --^

consideration

else *.__

—

-t

part (^

present, Opresence

probable (_

remember

advertise

279. The d is omitted from tne following words, which fall

naturally into family groups.

counter-

mandreprimand

bound L- extend J^^

rebound ^ pretend C-t?

boundary l__t_>7 dividend

pound C^

propound Cy

expound L- demand

280. Derivative Drill

c_^ persisted C^

resistance '--i'

^ assistant 2^

rests

lasts

earnestly

interests

interested

amendment

/

cReading and Writing Practice

-7 /- C C^

136 CHAPTER \' I

• r ^> ^ ^,

/. /z

/"

N y

7

1^-^

r

282.6^ ^ ^ e^Ti:?^

^

^ ._^ -^

^ ^ ^^.

LESSON 34 137

^ 7r^

138 CHAPTER VI

^^ ^ ^ ^ /

^ /^ c:.^ <2_-^ c-'

^

/^

LESSON 35 139

LESSON 35

-r

286. Incl

incline

inclined 1,

inclines

287. POST-

postman C_

postal c t.

288. Super-, supr-

supervise

postage (/ postpone C/^

post office ( <^ postponed w^J

supervision

289. Trans-

transfer c'^

transact ^-r~>

supreme

superficial y

superior

superlative

transaction ^ transfix Utransport 0"^ translate

290.


^

^ P >^ J,a^ . f^^J^ ^ ^ ^ Q^

140 CHAPTER VI

O^ /r

. ' ^-^ ^

^ c

LESSON 35 141

142 CHAPTER VI

^^

-^

294.

7

/

r

/S-^ r

^7

O^

c^ /

^- ^.

LESSON 36 143

LESSON 36

295A. O On Sho

C/ ^ ^/ ^ /


a. Keep the o hook narrow, being sure that the beginning and

end are on the same level of writing as indicated by the dotted line.

b. Keep the o in on and sho parallel with the consonant as

indicated by the dotted line.

c. Avoid a point at the curved part indicated by the arrows.

Practice Drill

Of, tow, know, low, own, home, hot, odd, shown.

B. NoN KoR


a. Make the beginning of the o retrace the preceding character.

b. Avoid a point at the curved part of the o as indicated by

the arrows.

Practice Drill

Coal, course, goal, known, moan.

144 CHAPTER VI

C. Oo Noo NooM


:

a. Keep the oo hook narrow and deep.

b. Keep the beginning and end of the hook on the same level

of writing.

c. In the words neve and numb keep the hook parallel with the

straight line that precedes it.

d. In the word numb retrace the m on the bottom of the oo

hook.

e. Avoid a point at the places indicated by arrows.

Practice Drill

You-your, yours truly, you would, to-too-two, do, noon, moon,

mood.

D. We are

To write this combination accurately:

a. Write the hook from left to right rather than straight up

as you would do when the hook is standing alone. Notice the

arrow.

b. Start writing the r before the r stroke cuts the hook, as indi-

cated by the arrow.

Practice Drill

We are, we will, whale, wheels.

LESSON 36 145

E. Hard, hailed CL^


:

a. Give the end of the r and the / a lift upward.

b. Do not hft the end too soon or the strokes may resemble

the nd, w^ combinations.

Practice Drill

^ L /^ :

Neared, feared, cheered, dared, hold, sold, bold.


296. Mr. Smith's Chickens

^

146 CHAPTER VI

^ 'i-^ 9-

<2_--

^

C^

^ c^ // ^ ^

^ r

^^ "-^

•^ -^ ^

^^

^^^ >

^ /. (^

^^

Q-^ r

A ^

-z^

f^

LESSON 36 147

/ -i-j. ^ -,

^

r

^ <rr

<Z^

<rr^ ^ ^r^v "'^ 3^ r

^^ -^j

^ 1^„-

2^'>j <^<:

"S? >

^

c<r^-'^ <r<r

6•f

r

^^^ r

148 CHAPTER \' I

6^ ^ w - ^ / <L^ (^

^7

—^ .-^ ^^ ^297. Success

(f r^ ^ ^ C^ ^ {f

.^-7

CHAPTER VII

LESSON 37

298. Con- and com- are represented by k before a consonant

other than r or /, by ku and km before a vowel or before r, I.

Sometimes in longhand the n or in is doubled when a vowel

follows.

confer

299. En-, in-, iin- are represented by n before a consonant. They

are written in full when a vowel follows. Sometimes in longhand

the n is cioubled when a vowel follows.

enjoy

150 CHAPTER VII

Inferiority

indeed

inspect

intimate

intended

superintend

Z.

^^

income

instruct

instrument

unfair

unfinished

unluckily.

^z^

^

unwritten

uncommon

unfold

enact

innovation

unknown ^

Z^

300. Km-, im- are represented by m before a consonant. Theyare written in full when a vowel follows. Sometimes in longhand

the m is doubled when a vowel follows.

—

-pr ciiipiirtucaiiyJ

impropeembarrass —y emphatically

emphasis . -. impossible —-^

^. . /

employ .—-^ impending A -^ emotion

imply

emphatic

"^-import immodest


competitors

luares

LESSON 37 151

^guidance

comparable

7302.

/Jr^ ~7

employees

instrumental

strengthening

,introductory t

''^

(;^^zP'~7

^ ^^ c,— ^ ^

^

(^ d. r £-—-f

^ .^^

'^//...

-r- ^

^

^c

303.

/

152 CHAPTER VII

LESSON 37 153

, conjunction

bookkeeper

^ ,:r^^ ^ ^

^. J^

.^^

307. <7

o

policies

discussed

procedures

, introductory ^

V ^

154 CHAPTER VII

LESSON 38

308. For-, fore-, fur- are represented by / before a consonant.

The / is joined with an angle to a following r or / to indicate that

it represents a word beginning. The / is disjoined if the following

character is a vowel.

forget -^ y

forgive />-—

a

form

perform

performance

inform

submit 2—-r/

substance /^^

furnish ^Ly

furniture ^îL^^—

further ^furthermore ^furlough <l,.-^«^

forever //

Albany

altogether

already

substantially /</ suburb

subtract y<-^^ subway

^

^subdivide yc^ submerge

subdivision X^k subdue

subscribe ^-—^^

sublease (_S-^

LESSON 38 155

311. Ul is represented by the oo hook before a forward or

upward consonant stroke.

ultimate

insult

cons ult

multiply

cultivate

-7^

result "-"^

312. -HOOD, -WARD

boyhood C^y^ reward '

neighbor- ^y^ homewardhood C^y^ y

childhood '''^î_,.-;;Morward yy^

hence- c^forward -y^Q .

afterward ^^

manhood

upward (\^

straight- ^"^-^^^^ backward yJ^y^

womanhoodforward

onward awkward

313. Compound word beginnings are joined naturally in the

order in which they occur.

uncontested

uninterrupted

unemployed

V undisputed

indispensable

misinterpret o-Reading and Writing Practice

314.

, introductory

subscription

a^- ^-z

i^—t o

9 r ^ /

X--^y^

156 CHAPTER VII

^

"crs-

, conjunction

sufficient

315.

forgive

aiukward

r? r f

7-

J-—^ r

CT^ ^ V ^

, introductory /^

^ J^ ^^ ^^^

-c=5— \ ^

^, luhen clause

316. f

r

— ^>?

LESSON 38 157

CHAPTER VII

LESSON 39 159

LESSON 39

320. Many long words may be abbreviated in shorthand by

dropping the endings. This device is used also in longhand, as

Jan. for Janiiary. The extent to which this device may be used

depends upon the familiarity of the writer with the words and

with the subject matter of the dictation. When in doubt, write

it out. The ending is not dropped when a special shorthand wordending form has been provided, such as -ijication.

It is helpful to note that many of the words written with this

cievice fall naturally into families of similar endings.

excuse

accuse

refuse

^-^r aptitude C^ ad

^r^

confuse ^^

profuse

abuse

attitude

gratitude

locate <>__^-^>--~' irrigate

reciprocate afferej


160 CHAPTER VII

, if clause

,parenthetical

^ ^ //

/ ^ cy^cl^ ©

o -^ o

f

(^ ^ ^322.

, ii:hen clause

, introductory ^

Â

/o z%rt

jy

^^ — >

LESSON 39 161

CHAPTER VII

LESSON 40 163

LESSON 40

326. Additional examples of word families from which the

endings may be dropped.

distribution /^ /

contribution


327.

describing

communityactivities

, introductory

luorth-iuhile

hyphenated

before noun

, if clause

164 CHAPTER \II

328.

catalogue

forivarded

today

(2- ^ Cy^ ^'3^^^ . ^/^

y^ r"^^^

LKSSON 40 165

, series

^ ^ 7 ^^-e?'^ ©

a^

166 CHAPTER VII

, series

camera

^ j^

// ^G. r

O

^y '^ r tTcZ

LESSON 41 167

LESSON 41

333. Some words may be written without the ending although

they do not belong to groups of similar endings.

reluctant

privilege

significant

)reliminar

;nce, ^nient ^^

Iphabet Q y

convenience,

conve

a'

anniliversary ^-^-/^ arithmetic CLJiy' atmosphere ^ ^

334. When /, d, yi, or m is followed by -ition, -ation, the circle is

omitted.

permission

addition

importation

A êxportation O^^ explanation

quotation ^—-z^ station }^

-r foundation /^ termination ^ 7


168 CHAPTER VII

>^^ V ^ ^ y>

,parenthetical

LESSON 41 169

^^^^^ ^, iiitri)diict()ry

past due

no noun,

no h\phen

C^

c2^ ^^'Â^

^

y :^(d

y tro.

/^ ^

, if clause ^.î^ . yS /^ -^ -""'^ ^ <--^ ^^338. cy ^ ^., introductory o

7^

y^y

,conjunction '^*2-^ .^^G

339.

, aj clause

yy ^

^ o

^ q^ ? ^ ^

170 CHAPTER VII

^ »present-day <^

hyphenated _^>—-*^

before noun

y 7- W

, introductory^ 7

^ ^

>-J -^ r

LESSON 42 171

340A.

LESSON 42

My Lie Fight

-iz:>*

To write these combinations accurately :

a. Join the circle in the same way that you would join an

a circle, but turn the end inside the circle.

b. Before turning the end of the circle inside, be sure that

the stroke touches the stroke to which the i is joined.

c. Avoid making a point at the places indicated by arrows.

Practice Drill

My, night, sight, line, mile.

B. Ow Oi

:^r^-


a. Keep the hooks deep and narrow.

b. Place the circles outside the hooks as indicated by the

dotted lines.

Practice Drills

y^nr^ /^How-out, now, doubt, scout, toy, soil, annoy.

C. Th Ent Emt


a. Slant these strokes as indicated by the dotted lines.

b. Start the th, ent, cind-emt to the right and upward.

172 CHAPTER VII

Practice Drills

There are, and will, empty, health, lined, ashamed.

Compare:

Hint, heard; tamed, detailed.


341. Opportunity

LESSON 42 173

174 CHAPTER VII

-^

^ ^ ^ 2. ^ T^

, introductory

Ci<^ o -

.^

342. Enthusiasm

y Z C - ^ ^^^ ^^ O y<

, z/ clause v

^ ^ ^ y ^^ J( ^ y^

^

7/

;^

LESSON 42 175

-^ ^ d^ ^.

(LJ^

y

r

r f. /^

^

/procession

, if clause ^

-7

-^ ^

o

<^^ ^

.7>

-€—

I

CHAPTER VIII

LESSON 43

343. It is often possible to omit a word in a phrase. In the

phrase / should like to have, it is clear that the word to has been

omitted and must be inserted in transcription.

more or less

in the world

I should like to have

will you please

one of the most

one of the best

344. When the word beginning mis- or a short, common word

comes before understand or understood, the under is omitted

and the stand or stood is written under the mis- or under the

short word, as shown in the examples below.

understand

understood

I understand

I understood

^

o

o

I do not understand

they cannot understanci

thoroughly understood J^-^x

please understanci

176

1. KSSON 43 177

misunderstand -

—

-^ clearly understood

misunderstood ^ ^^ readily understand


345.

^

city's

/^features

benefit

346.

,parenthetical

up-to-date ahyphenated /before noun

y

/^ o2^ <^ / c:;2^

/J"

y

178 CHAPTER VIII

familiarity

2^ V ^ >^^ r'

salaries

automatically y 2

requirements

, ij clause (y

^ ^ > -^TX Z**^^

^^—z^ -^ ^

347. / . (^ ^' ^ <i—

-c^r «?-/

^.

children

child's

. > -îL-^ ^> > . /^

a.—, conjunction

supervisor (y ^

^ >_/*=' 9^ o

, ivhen clause <^___^reasonably ^ lO 6^ Cy ^ no

^

/5^^^ 9 ^^"^s

<^

LESSON 43 179

180 CHAPTER VIII

/^ 2r ^-T

350.

/^2-^ ^

2-

/ c^-^

^ ^^ >

recommendSincerely

^ ^C? s

LESSON 44 18

LESSON 44

351. Most compound words arc formed merely by joining the

two separate shorthand outlines. In some compounds it seems

advisable to modify the outline in order to obtain a better joining,

as in the words anyhozv and however. Many of the compoundwords form useful phrases by the addition of else, as shown below.

anyhow -^Vhowever X.

whoever

hereafter ^jP

everyone else

someone else

anywhere else

somewhere else

everywhere else

somebody else

nobody else

anybody else

everybody else

something else

anything else

nothing else

everything else

182 CHAPTER VIII

352.

, introductory

doctors'

, <when clause


7 r-^-^^r^ / 9

^

(> /I y ^ __ ^,.-^^77 C2_^/ >^ ^

-^^

, introductory /<^neighborhood C_ /""^ Q

353.

minor

,introductory

X

y

/O

r

^y.

^ <^_^ c^

y

o /^

/

C^

J^ ^ .-^ -^ y

ambitious

elsewhere ^2- _r7 ^^

^ .<^

/^ ^ -^

; 7

LESSON 44 183

^

^r ^ ^

, conjunction ^ r;\ y f J^ ^

^ - C^^

^^ y ^ ^

354.

,introductory ^^ /^

,parenthetical / y^ A^^

,ivhen clause

r

O ^0

-7 ^

-^ ^^

o ^ ^£^

.^

355.

, introductory

/Tpleasure

past

courteous ^^

(^

'Z ^

184 CHAPTER VIII

^^J^

"^-^^

>. c^

ZSG.

nveather

357.

^

. y

/^

^ c:?

--^^r^ xJ^^ ^C^

-1^ ^ >OS. ^

^

^—^^

/ ^ ^^

e--

X .^ y . ^2^. > ^^ ^^ ^

(2--

^^^

^

LESSON 44 185

? <2_^, ^ J

,conjunction '^ (y Q_^ q

/^ 'CL^.

r

186 CHAPTER VIII

LESSON 45

358. Brief Forms

state y quantity ^-p< future /^^

never ^ public, ^ acknowledge ^^y publish

/'^

situation J^ regular ^ ^...^ ^

359. Additional abbreviations for use after numerals and

after such words as few, several. The sign for hundred is placed

beneath the figure as a positive distinction from million, which

is written beside the figure.

300 •^ 3 bushels v

3,000,000 ^ 3 feet 3.

lar$300 Jy a doll!

$3,000,000 3 ^ few hundred ^300,000,000 ^^,^__ several hundred dollars

3,000,000,000 3^ a million .

3 pounds 3- a hundred ^_

3 gallons 3^

3 per cent 3.

3 barrels 3y 3 per cent per annum 32—


360. ( <.^--y V (3^— ^ r ^^ ^c^ O

LESSON 45 187

, as clause

, introductory c^-^

, as clause y' ^^ ^^proceed .

, ^ ( ^r

^-^ ^ ^

^^ ^ ^

188 CHAPTER VIII

acceptance (/^ ^/^described

, introductory

unreasonable Jy^ ^^ /fz-^Q r ^

LESSON 45 189

^. ^ . ^ ^ ^ (^__^ 3.

^^^

c/^ 7 ^ {f^ ^

363./^^^ /I y^ ^

^ ^s ^

catalogue

variety

^ Z r

^

, introductory / /7\ (^^^^ U ^—Q-^

, series ^^

^

190 CHAPTER VIII

LESSON 46

364. Brief Forms

newspaper

7number

envelope, —\ organize <c^-^^

nevertheless^^^^ /-

idea y<^ experience C

correct

allow

request

365. Intersection, or the writing of one character through

another, is sometimes useful for special phrases. The writer

should not attempt to memorize lists of such phrases ; they should

be devised only when the constant repetition of certain phrases

in the dictation makes it clearly worth while to form special

outlines.

a.m.

.m.

c.o.d.

' Chamber of Commerce /'


LESSON 46 191

, as clause

, series

subscription

^® ^

o ^ ^

^7

> ^

367

^ ^^^ cy /Oy ^ ^ <Z_^v

^^ ^ ^r^-

^<2-

^ ^' /U

^-^fÔ

^^^

192 CHAPTER VIII

369.

, introductory

, <when clause

___ ^^

y

y

LESSON 46 193

370.

forwardedbookkeeper

9 ^

r

^<^

V ^

9

czr

, apposition

effect

^^

r^-^ y P

O

<^ - A ^

e^^^ .^^

^' ^

194 CHAPTER VIII

LESSON 47

371. Self-, circum-

self-made

selfish

self-evident

self-interest y

self-addressed ^ self-esteem

372. -POSE, -POSITION

compose ^ disposition /^

composition ^^ impose -

—-^

imposition

self-reliant

circumstantial

circumstances 'y^

/impose

composer ,--> uiipusiLiwn .

—

-y

dispose yc repose ^ position ^

suppose

transpose C

proposal

y>. untranslatable

unselfishly

373. Compound word beginnings

uninterested ^ incomplete

disinterested

uncomplaining


374.

recei'ved

LESSON 47 195

, //clause 9^-^ c, --^ ( ^^"^ Q) (^ ^route

^ ô

196 CHAPTER VIII

^ p z y .2^

376. cZ^ f

d^-cT^

-7a-

/^

, 2/ clause

-V

^

z^

break

grease "k^ / ^^

, ij clause

4-^^ J^

^ .^--<r7O

I.FCSSON 47 197

L ^ J ^ ^ ^ ^money-hack

hyphenated

before noun

, introductory

,parenthetical

y Cje G, c/- ^ ©/

198 CHAPTER VIII

3 79A.

LESSON 48

Dev-Tive Gent

To write these strokes accurately:

a. Make them large, almost the full height of your notebook

line.

b. Make them narrow.

c. Start and finish the strokes on the same level of writing, as

indicated by the dotted lines.

Practice Drill

Divide, definite, defeat, native, gentle, spent, happened.

B. Th Ten Tem

To write these strokes accurately:

a. Slant the strokes as indicated by the dotted lines.

b. Make the beginning of the curves deep.

c. Make the tem large, about the full height of the line; the

th, small; the ten about half the size of the tem.

Practice Drill

In the, in time, tender, teeth, detain, medium.

LESSON 48 199


. , t-7 )

380. Composure

^y

J^

^ r? y

e?

z JÎ-

conjunction

y ^^^,

^ /^

^

r- 7 y-

, introductory ^^,parenthetical "-^ ^ ^^—^

o ^yy

, series

, introductory

3^

^0

200 CHAPTER VIII

r ^ J

, introductory

, ivhen clause

^^

r

2-

--^^

^

(T

y<^ ^ J O^

victories

^ .

^/ ^ ^

^

(Z^

^,^r^

â^. ^ . 7

,parenthetical O^ y /^ ^^ Q

7

LESSON 48 201

381. Servant or Master?

^ ^ âutomatically

,parenthetical

^^^

^Z^ ^ ^(^ n^

, conjunction

precision

r ^, series ^^

^

7

O

V^

<

r

O

9 r ^

^ -Y'?

o re

o

<^ ^^r?

CHAPTER IX

LESSON 49

382. Brief Forms

throughout .a-^^ between

7

^question ,

—-^

cover

/ regardagent

383. -INGS, -INGLY

feelings c:><:L—.^

feelingly c><l—~-^

longings

longingly

readings

evenings J.

value

immediate

opinion

things ôutings ^seemingly êxceedingly

surprisingly ^

^

increasingly _^—-_^


384. ( ^ 7 . L^X <U^ ^

C 202

C^

I, K S S O N 49 203

L ^ V

men's

profitably

.^y9 ^ o

4 ^ . ^

y-^

, ij clause

promptly

^?

-^

QÔ

9 ^ ^ ^ r

f s ^

385

/<7

- ^ ~c±^ ^^ ?

^7 r-- /^

<^-^^^KV

^, i/ clause ^5'^ Q f-T -^ *^_i^ ^

386.

204 CHAPTER IX

^.

^ ^^_^

advisable

sufficient

^c

postpone

387.

fi've-year

hyphenated ^^^ ^ ^'^-^ ^before noun '

, introductorv

O' /- <^

<L^

5"^(L-^

^- « r^' ^ ^.^2^ J^

, introductor\

O

^_--*0 ^ -^

388. ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^6f^ ^

LESSON 49 205

, iiitroiluct()r\

reputation

v;^;>

r oJS' <2_-^

^ ^^ / 9

clothes

,introductory <^

, introductory

o

^9 7

^^ ^^ r ,,2^

^ z

^ r / .^

206 CHAPTER IX

LESSON 50

389. Brief Forms

conclude ^^v-—^ particular ^^

confident, ^confidence ^

subject

resume ^-2-.

conclusion

object

390. -SUME, -SUMPTION

assume 2

assumed 2-^ resumption

assumption 2—

7

391. -ULATE

regulate ,_-«r ^ speculator ^regulated t,,^ ^

regulations .^.^—

^

-O-

speculator

speculative C^-^

population

house ]?

success A-->

consumption ^presume Cj^

presumption (_j>

circulation

miscalculate

accumulates

7^r^'—p

392.

, ij clause

leather


LESSON 50 207

208 CHAPTER IX

/, introductory / yCângles J

Lies SON 50 209

/ > ^ y ^_^

c^

2

210 CHAPTER IX

397. Brief Forms

advantage /

7

refer,

reference

enough

correspond, ^correspondence

direct /

398. -LESS

hopeless (__^

thoughtlessly

needless

LESSON 51

wonder

yesterday

recognize

railroad

y

careless

uselessness

unless


LESSON 51 211

,parenthetical

referring <0 ^ -7

212 CHAPTER IX

,parenthetical ^ ^ /~/ ^ y^^ ' /l^ ^

403.

<rr

LESSON 51 213

i^^ ry7 9 C^

7 ^

90r

^ ' ^ r

404.

^ ^ "

, ivlien clause

^>

^

^

405

, ivhen clause

offers

^ ^/j. A

^<h^

^<2_^ ^-^ ^

^ /

406. ^ ^>

r

214 CHAPTER IX

, introductory ~/ ^- ^ y^^^^

treasury ,^^'-,.îL—^ /f o^—^ __7 © ^

, introductory

A-Zt^

^. V Vô ^ ^-^

.^^ -^

LESSON 52 215

LESSON 52

407. Brief Forms

likewise <^___-^

instant, —

^

instance

otherwise ^r^

character ""ZT'^

govern

408. In proper names the terminations -burg, -ville, -field,

-port are expressed by the first letter of the termination, joined

or disjoined.

Harrisburg

Newburs

Danville

Greenfield

Davenport

Shreveport

EADING AND WRITING PRACTICE <^

, conjunction i

becoming /y y<^

^^^ ^^y^

216 CHAPTER IX

^^ /^

<=^^

410. ^

9

announces

men's

411.

^/

__ ^ ^ ,:,^ ^ ^

^ - ^

O^

7 ^-7

<_^ c/'

^

-%

c? r ^

^ ^^ ^ o

^ ^ r

^

LESSON 52

"^^

217

.«^ ^ .

^ L)^ ^r <y^ CL^ ^

>/^

self-respect Ij^ ^ z^ ^

^ ^ ^

^

>

218 CHAPTER IX

415.

, as clause

^ ^^-7

^ .

^

414. r ^X^ ^ ^

O

y416.

, aj clause

bookkeeper

submitted

^

^

/V __

^

r

, introductory ^ )^ Q Z_ ^ y.^

IÊSSON S3 219

LESSON 53

417. -FORD, -INGTON, -INGHAM, -TON, -TOWN

Rockford «_-<i--2^ Birmingham C-—rzi-Ncwton

Arlington Q.-v__--;^^^ Johnston ^-^^ Johnstown

418. A few common geographical abbreviations:

America CP'

American

England

CST"

English <:>-y Canadian ^'^--

— Great Britain^---7^ Puerto Rico ^jy__ Canada ^^— Hawaii ^Reading and Writing Practice

anyone

describe

America's

^

^ /^ ^._^ ^ y r ^z^

220 CHAPTER IX I

, series

, introductory

assistance

foreign

, introductory^

' / ^ V ^^0o ^^^

3- ^^

>—«^

L K S S () N 53 221

422. ^^ Q .

y^

, ij clause

?// cZO > V Jp

^ r"

^ r

423.

occasion

, introductory

^

u^ ^^ i-.^ ^

Z^ J '^ ^ 9

> o

.^^,introductory ^^ ^ '^''/^

high-quality

hyphenated

before noun

/424.

, i/ clause

^

^ ^-//f

ô

222 CHAPTER IX

L i: s s (J N 54 223

LESSON 54

426. -ous. Many words in English end in -ous. In most of the

shorthand outhnes tor these words the combination is written

with an angle between the hook and the s. Because of the fre-

quency ot the combination it should be practiced so that it comes

unhesitatingly to the mind. The combination standing alone rep-

resents yourst'lj. Practice the word yourself until you can write

the combination without a perceptible pause between the hook

and the s. The writing motion is very much like that used in writ-

ing the figure 3 m longhand. The combination -ous is frequently

found after /, n, m. Practice the following words containing these

combinations. In each case, the straight line and the -ous should

be written with one impulse of the hand, at the same time keeping

the straight line straight.

minus courteous iscellmiscellaneous

solicitous .4__--<^ poisonous <^ synonymous

The combination -ous also occurs frequently after / and /.

Write the ?• or / and the hook with one sweep of the pen, adding

the s without a pause.

generous Mctonous zealous £_^

In some words the ending -ous follows u. The shorthand com-

bination resembles the small letter n in longhand and should be

written with the same speed and fluency, without a pause between

the two hooks.

conspicuous

C—iystrenuous ^^^2^ continuous

224 CHAPTER IX

^


427. Opportunities in Business

— ^ ^ c

—

^ ^ T) ^

, conjunction ^ - y

^ ^(^^ 9- ^. .^

o

y

J

^ o ^

.^^

9 .>

, as clause

organizationQ i r ^

parenthetical X2^

r ^^ ^

numerousy>

O

intelligence

, conjunction

to^ ^^ ^

X r

LESSON 54 225

J . y^ .f'^^- ^ ( ^ (^

^ ^ ^ ^428. Initiative

, conjunction — — ^ , ^ /

^ ^ ( /<—-^ y ^v

^^

conjunction -^"P^

-^

226 CHAPTER IX!

. O^

^ ^

c^^ r-

^ ^ ^ ^^.receives

contempt

4^

^

^

^^'^,4.

> ^ ^--\_-/^ ^ ^ X —Elbert Hubbard

429. The Person Who Knows

advice

loss

, ivhen clause ,^7^benefit

9^ o

> / ^ /

^ ?^>

>

CHAPTER X

LESSON 55

430. Vocabulary Drill

%7r^ (^ (Âlteration, submission, rewarded, self-made, circumstantial, refinement,

greetings, presumed, fatherless, misrepresent, filed, pictured, afterthought, au-

thorship, itself, vehicle, electricity, shortest, rectify, notification, maturity, pen-

alty, telegram, postmaster, superficial, delicate, excused, aptitude, frantic,

transplanted, c.o.d.


431.

guest's Q, introductory ~^

,parenthetical /

Z_^

1"^ ^ '9- ^ . A^ ^^^. (-^111

228 CHAPTER X

, conjunction

6^ ^ ^s-. /7^ ^

LESSON 55 229

^—^

annually

similar '^

230 CHAPTER X

,parenthetical

efficiently o

^^7^ >^

> r

LESSON 55 231

,introductory

difference

/

232 CHAPTER X

LESSON 56


Subdivide, cultivate, backward, self-imposed, presumption, speculating,

district, misjudge, sealed, quota, mother, permission, February, after-dinner,

historical, electric wire, short time, inferiority, identification, diagram, inclina-

tion, postdated, supreme, transfixes, exponent, enjoy, consumed, $1,200, p.m.


436. This Thing Called Success

,parenthetical

, introductory

LESSON 56 233

greeted

abundant

234 CHAPTER X

LESSON 56 235

^

, if clause

assistance ^"^ O'^^

^439.

per cent

real estate

'/,

'J^-4^4^

^^

^

, introductory

in n't

,parenthetical

^^^ >

/^

O

^, series

policies

r

O

"O —^ ô,parenthetical ^_ q^-"^

U—-^ — .

:7

X^ .:^.

7- V

236 CHAPTER X

LESSON 57


7 "--^

.^ ^ '

J' ^^ I—

e

^ ^ c[ O^^^7

s^

^ '^

Delicious, misspell, myself, afterthought, ethical, ripened, electricians,

shortsighted, modifications, clarified, cablegrams, inclusion, control, unworthy,

subway, excused, motherhood, rewards, self-regulation, circumvent, confine,

presumption, careless, exposed, prettiest, postponed, my understanding, I have

been, Chamber of Commerce.


441. He Liked Everybody

^^? >^

^ ^ QJ ^

^ ^.f^

LESSON 57 237

7^ ."-^f^ ^ ^^

/^

238 CHAPTER X

courteous

overivheltn

ingly

jar-reaching

hyphenated

before noun

, introductory

co-operation

campaign

LESSON 57 239

.^ c/^

C^

criticism ^ 9 i 6f

y

<="->

J^

significant

privilege

four-engine

hyphenated -==^

before noun

*—r>

7 ^ ^

accommodate -

—

,parenthetical /o2-

, introductory

240 CHAPTER X

^ rappearance

dividends

A ry-^^ V . -^

r

quite

men's

A

^x^.

^^ y.

/^ ^^

LESSON 5 8 241

LESSON i8

446. Wkabl-larv Drill

feelings, consumption, circumstances, self-composed, awkward, fatherhood,

adults, subtracted, embodied, supporter, postman, included, misfortune,

sold, angle, warmed, August, moment, partnership, themselves, electric power,

simplification, excuse, Westport. requirement, programs.

Reading axu Writing Practice

447. The Businessman's Best Friend

-^, apposition

,introductorv

successor

242 CHAPTER X

5^5^^:heartily

businessman's Q-^"""^^

^<W /

LESSON 58 243

448.

^ ^7

Los Angeles

averaging

t^- (^

c /7

^ ^ y

break

, introductory /-^^^, apposition

X -^

, series '^ i/^ -^ ^^

^ ' O ^ ^^—^ /^ ^^ c^ /^ V ^^^

r

244 CHAPTER X

LESSON 59 245

LESSON 59


^^—i)

Sublease, manhood, circumstances, winnings, formulated, quiet, disrespect,

misinterpret, bankruptcy, musical, themselves, censorship, shipwrecked,

electrically, certify, ratification, charity, personality, telegrams, disinclined,

amendment, superhuman, empower, encounter, knowingly, irrigate, altitude,

our understanding, a.m.


453. The Sign on the Wall

246 CHAPTER X

9 J <^ y^^r--^ ^

essential

realize h

^ y 9

r'.==^r '^

^ ^^V ^--7 -

LESSON 59 247

7

, if clause ^ /T/annoyance -^ C <^

^ ^^ ^ ^Q ^

^455. ^r^

^ y.

, conjunction

,introductory

i'c

^ -

^ ^>

r

V 2:-j^

248 CHAPTER X

-^

c^ ^ cy- 2 ^^ ^^

, if clause

,parenthetical /^ Q /^ Q

research -^

,parenthetical

practical 4^— (^ r ^, introductory ^

Q ^ Q

6^ ^

, ivhen clause G ^S 2.^^^

^Cf ^~- 'y 2 u^

LESSON 59 249

loiv-priced

good-looking y'hyphenated

before noun

c^

250 CHAPTER X

LESSON 60


Postponed, resumption, consultation, priesthood, misunderstandings, selfish-

ness, circumstantial, disposal, depression, beneath, engage, twins, exempt,

afterwards, classified, electrification, inability, diagramed, pretend, similarity,

includes, superlative, transformation, anywhere else, acquired, attitude, located,

short term.


459. Luck

rising

, series

^-r

LESSON 60 251

462.hook-rcvitiu

hyphenated

before noun

Y r? .<C-

252 CHAPTER X

long-felt

full-pagehyphenated ,^^^before noun

<?^-y

^>-'—

)

y

463. /^ dj2^

mystery-story ^^ A.

hyphenated /ty^^before noun

y^

^ / ^^

cy ^<-^

9 ^ ^^ ^

>

J

c^ — ^jarenthetical

pleasure

9^9

, // clause ^^

/ ^ V/action-filled ^j

hyphenated/' ('^before noun

^

^,72.

^

LESSON 60 253

6^

, ;/ clause ^

464^Z^

o-^

V

colleges

fourtil

(y^ a^

passed

,parenthetical

r

> Cr r

r

^

U^ ^ ...J^^7

<2^ / O ^ Q)

—.> o, series

separate

o

9)

^^c

. ^ "S^^

254 CHAPTER X

emphasis

monetary

c^

cr

3;;

^

1:

y

L E S S () N 61 255

LESSON 6


9-- -^1^,

J^^yr^ y-Distant, boyhood, homeward, whoever, self-imposed, circumnavigate,

assumption, becomingly, misnamed, quarrel, conformed, respectable, surgical,

after-dinner, warship, specified, codification, peculiarity, programs, supporting,

transferred, confiscated, frantic, enrolled, thoroughly understood. Chamberof Commerce, electric train, I wasn't.

Reading axd Writing Practice

466. How to Become a Master

y>

, apposition

experiments

C (_^—J-

> ^—

256 CHAPTER X

Q -/:T'0.

, introductory r (^^ 2 -cr

^ ^-tô^ ^ c—^ c^ ^,t^l^

d^ y- ^ y ^—^ ^ . ^ ^

, introductory (--^

, series ^ a^ Q <--r

-/"

467. y^ .^^

annual

income-tax

hyphenated

before noun

= ^

^

^^ ^ ^ ^-^

^^

^^ > ^ >^^/

^. ^

> / A ^

LESSON 61 257

any one

convenience

^ - f J-^. dT^ ^ Ô^

I

"7

^

r V-y^

^'well-planned

luell-ivritten

hyphenated

before noun

/

y r."^

^^

three-day

hyphenated

before noun

258 CHAPTER X

/2/-

up-to-tlie-

ininute

hyphenated

before noun

customers

LESSON 61 259

^, series

4 ^^

c--^5k^. -—

^

^ >^ >

-7 ^^

/-"-^

260 CHAPTER X

LESSON 62


Childless, speculative, smilingly, dwellings, proposition, circumnavigate,

henceforward, motherhood, insulting, submission, translation, supports, postal,

below, deserving, misspent, empty, Monday, compliment, clinical, aftermath,

shipyards, electric lights, monogram, earliest, chemist, confused, inquired,

assumed, Westfield, celebrity, purport, tomorrow, amplification.


471. Telephone Talk

survey

LESSON 62 261

^ ^ ^ <^ jL ^ j^ c^Y

262 CHAPTER X

movie

wave

, series

naturally

-T ^/ y

^ ^-^ ^^ ^

___ ^r

.^ ^ ^-7^ r

<2

—

courtesy

caller's A—y .—^ J ^ . —^ u ^^^^v

ridentify

, // clause cyî^ r A ^ ^C?

2

^ 9^

, // clause o

^^

2. ;_ /

^^ ^

^ -"^

LESSON 62

. ^263

2- .

^ 6psecretaries

overzealous

y

o

c::^-^:^

îrritated ^, conjunction ''^''

'

, // clause

, conjunction

person's _^ q

—Clement Comments

264 CHAPTER X

LESSON 63


Delinquent, behalf, misdemeanor, bungalow, primed, companionship, after-

thought, miracle, electric heater, penniless, presumption, unknowingly,

refinement, circumstantial, modified, ramifications, authorities, inclusion,

supremacy, unwritten, furnishings, substitute, cultivation, eastward, emphatic,

quarter, yourselves, it is understood, p.m., 5 pounds, self-regulation, do you

want.


economy

, introductory c -j <—

LESSON 63 265

, parenthetical '^ G".30-/^ Ly. c^

266 CHAPTER X

noticeable Q-^ .

7 ^

campaignlatter

^_> ^ C^

.

/^ Q

'^>-

;7 ^ ^^^

^

,parenthetical

exceeded (/)

/-.

^^ y^-

o ^ <^ f C Q

>

-^->

o ^

, introductory

ejects

l.KSSON 63 267

distributor

, luhen clause o ^ <^ ^ d>^

9^

route

supplement

7

V ^

better-balanced

hyphenated

before noun

^< ^—^ ^

268 CHAPTER X

part-time

hyphenated

before noun

9

, series

?^

, if clause

Cordially

;^

-^ ^

^.

O

^/^

LESSON 64 269

LESSON 64


Circumstances, harmless, stipulated, consumes, unwillingly, dVvellings, self-

explanatory, boyhood, subdued, transposition, postmaster, inclined, deceitful,

misconduct, December, classical, latitude, after-dinner, imprint, citizenship,

themselves, genteel, shortages, electric car, deported, notification, Atlantic,

he wasn't, few days ago, definitely understood.

Readlxg and Writing Practice

480. "Beyond the Call of Duty"

<2

heroes

iL'orth-iuhile

hyphenated

before noun

, luhen clause 7 (jr^

270 CHAPTER X

believes

LESSON 64 271

^

overcome

superhuman

^ .

> (

, introductory

equipped r

6f> ^^ /^

pfurther

convenience

J ^^

482.

^, introductory

r ^^

yif^

X Ce^ ^^^ ^0

/%

. 7^ ^ c^

^ ^ c^-

iy

^-2-^^ J X

^r^' ^^ /

9 ^ X ^ Z^ ^--Ly

^ CP^

^ ^r9 ^ ^

272 CHAPTER X

-7$^

c::n c^ ^

three-ijuay

hyphenated (/before noun

484

'- ^ 1

^ 9

LESSON 64 273

as clause cy fo

y

y (^ <^ ^5'. c>2^ ^

,:'/ clause

deposit

^

^

^^-

r

r

^ cy -^X ~y

^

274 CHAPTER X

LESSON 65


Postponed, blessings, granulated, helplessness, betray, dreamed, afterwards,

steamships, shortest, clarif}', justification, diagram, familiarity, deportation,

determination, including, transferring, unfinished, submitted, fatherhood,

self-respect, circumference, impartial, congregate, Sunday, several million

dollars, a.m.


486. Help Yourself to Happiness

LKSSON 65 275

^ .

parenthetical ^ G) ^ Z' J^

z.r

276 CHAPTER X

, if clause i 7

, ivhen clause ^ (7) '

LESSON 65 277

278 CHAPTER X

(^ ^ ^ ^ ^r^

CL^

LESSON 66 279

LESSON 66


Circumvention, grudgingly, regulator, useless, impounded, inclination,

superstitious, emblem, subdivision, ultimatum, manhood, rewarded, self-

composed, mistook, qualifications, functions, radical, misunderstood, aftermath,

shipshape, electric engine, superiority, technicality, programs, exponent,

highest, Greenville, 500 pounds, a.m.


492. Be Yourself

, introductory

advice

^^'^X//^ -^^/^

280 CHAPTER X

,/•/ clause /^_^ Q ^t:^ ^

fore'ver ^

^

LESSON 66 281

^ r

'y ^T

/^ /^ ^

^ ^potential

annual

^—-<r^

__ r

^

r

494.

7, introductor\ /;?

/^-X N ^

C.^ J /C-x^^

^ /7.

^. ^ô 2

^. ^ ^^

^

c:^?^

interruption ( /^

, series ^

-î_^2^V ^

"k.^^

^— ^ o w^ o

^ y^

282 CHAPTER X

495. ^_âir-travel

hyphenated -_/?before noun ~/

, as clause y

LESSON 66 283

- l^ ^ ^ \ C^^ ^ Sr^"^

<L^ 9

c^

further

P

2i

^ y 2^ ^ Z^ V^

7 ^ ^

284 CHAPTER X

LESSON 67


I r-

Presumption, stimulated, needlessly, shortly, Albany, substantial, woman-hood, self-possessed, circumnavigate, accordingly, deport, misunderstood,

brother, failed, roadway, after-dinner, ethical, ownership, himself, reminded,

certification, dignified, electric current, lowest, inclination, Newport.

r

Reading and Writing Pilactice

499. Plodders

possession i

anyone ^ ^^T^^^ ^ r

/^ (2^

O-^ r

LESSON 67 285

" / ^ Z ^

, introductory

7.^

o

r

f ^ ^

-r(^ r

cy (—r \

^ ^^^^ împatient

careers e^ N -^ 4^ y ^

^^^ .

500. ^,series ^<Z-~

, z'/ clause V'^T ^ T:r o

^ > ^ ^ -1^

^ o <—^^ -^^

^ ^^ t ^^ ^ ^

286 CHAPTER X

^ V ^502.

, as clause

probably

LESSON 67 287

, if clause 9 /co-operate ^—^ Q -p/- r

y^

o

>

,series

, i/ clause ^ ^ <iy -

70, /

«-^

o ^^

503. ^ ô ^ ^, aj clause ,<-

beginning /

-3 r

^ c.^

^"-Oy^

,conjunction

jor'ward t:P ^ ^^--r

c:.^

504.

^>/

^

288 CHAPTER X

r<r

, series

advances

r, introductorv

medium

o — o z^.

^ «-r

r

^ ^ 9 . ?.

i-^h^ QO

^(^^v-"—

r

y^^^

>,

^7

^-^

LESSON 68 289

LESSON 68


Emulated, circumstances, amazingly, assumed, postage, transmittal, uncer-

tain, emphasized, alternative, subsistence, ultimately, compress, childhood,

entered, self-supporting, importation, excuse, thermometer, mistrial, Wednes-day, pun" hment, afterthought, guardianship, undignified, justification,

seniority, damaged, p.m., 5 feet, our understanding, electric stove, there isn't.


506. Have You Ceased to Study?

, if clause

president

^ S^C) 9 C^^^^^

290 CHAPTER X

LESSON 68

, introductory

<^

291

(^

>

^cr 'y> (Tc ^

studies

pursue

cr 4

, luhen clause

XZP

^^^W > ^ ^---"U ^^^

Ô /^

^^v

-?i.

^ ^^ ^

^^—Bruce Barton

507.destroy

nourish

, luhen clause '

292 CHAPTER X

, if clause

accompany

^ X^9<

o

508.

convenience

r Q-^^ o

V ^

(^

^ J

cZj>I

, series

recommend

^ o

i ^^

^y ' z^??-^ £/

^ o. 7

-:^_^

^ - ^-, ^ .

^

509. r

LESSON 68 293

^^-^

êarliest ^^W

r

, if clause

facilities ^ cf\--^

^^

294 CHAPTER X

LESSON 69


Unless, formulating, resumption, seemingly, entertain, disposition, gratitude,

self-command, misunderstood, awkwardly, spinsterhood, ulterior, substitution,

transacted, supervised, postman, included, township, furthermore, consumed,

eminent, methodical, afterthought, myself, shortly, sports, imprint, programs,

actuality, integrity, classification, ratified, a.m., electric engines, it isn't,

week ago.


/ .^^^

511. Put First Things First

LESSON 69 295

(T

^ ^7

unhurried

, introductory ô ^ ^ ^^"^^

r rr ^ \ y r r- ^

;, ),introductory /^^^^/

occasionallv ^-""^

<=- ^>'

-y^^Q)

296 CHAPTER X

c^ -^ ^:r~> -^

y-ty

y>

^.

512.

J.<2-= ^ -^..^ ^ -^

air-travel

hyphenated O^—y^ ^ <>__—-«^ ^^ G_-^ >before noun /^ ^

<^ if. .

already )

employees /further

513.

, luhen clause

, introductory

^ > ^

G^ / ^L^

^ >. ^^ crs>. <;-

^Q P ^^^-^p

<2_--

LESSON 69 297

-—c^r > ^

assistance

efficient

^514.

Here ^--^frofit ( Z^

C^^ <2-r

^^ r

£,^

/^

r

long-range

lovi-cost

hyphenated

before noun

• ^^^ ^_^ ^ ^.

^

deposit) /^

, introductory ^X ^ /

7^

y- ^ ^>

r ? ^^ >

298 CHAPTER X

LESSON 70 299

LESSON 70


JL, ^-^Circumscribe, transposition, exceedingly, stimulation, restless, including,

superiority, imply, alternate, subtract, resultant, boyhood, onward, self-reliance,

mistreated, beware, deemed, obstacle, horsemanship, herself, aftermath,

independent, devotion, shortest, demanded, telegram, insecurity, modifications,

simplify, Pittsburgh, electric wires, a.m., if it isn't.


,parenthetical

, conjunction cyday's

o ^ - • ^ ^ _

300 CHAPTER X

,parenthetical /

telephone Q^ ^

J. ^

<r<r

o ^ /^^ ^^r z <2__V

r 2^^^ ^ . U (^ cp^<rr

^y

Q^

/

2 ^ ^

^

y

.-^^ ^ r

^

5^

^r ^

,parenthetical Q-^ ct—yiy^ ^ ^ (T) <2_-'

simply /

o "^ ^ ^

^

-^

/<^

/ X"

r

r

/?

LESSON 70 301

; . yzy

r ^—^- ^

^^ X" /^ V,^r

occurred (^-^ ûnusual

J7^^

302 CHAPTER X

,parenthetical

requires (^

LESSON 70 303

, series

, introductory o^ ^ ^ x^y^ r / ; 7

^^ ^-^ c^ ^J

^

^

Marginal Reminders Explained

In the following pages will be found more complete statements

of the principles of punctuation and other pretranscription aids

briefly indicated in the marginal reminders of this book. It is not

intended that the pupil should attempt to learn these principles;

they are presenteci here as an aid to the understanding of the

marginal reminders. The ability to apply the principles will come

from the constant repetition of the reminders.

The main purpose of the pretranscription punctuation remind-

ers given in the margins is to give the learner the "knack" of

punctuating the constructions most frequently used in ordinary

business correspondence. For that reason (and because of the

obvious necessity for extreme brevity) the reminders have been

made so short and so simple that the grammarian might well

quarrel with the wording of some of them. In this section each

of the very brief reminciers is discussed more fully and with a

careful explanation of the grammatical relationships involved.

It is more important, however, that the learner form the habit

of correctly punctuating these simple business constructions than

that he be able to give the complete and accurate grammatical

explanation. The headings given below are the same as those

used in the marginal reminders.

,parenthetical

In order to make his meaning clearer, a writer sometimes

inserts a comment or explanation that could be omitted without

changing the meaning of the sentence. These added comments

and explanations are called parenthetical and are separated from

the rest of the sentence by parentheses, dashes, or commas.

You owe us the $25, however, and you have not paid . .

.

. . . you should remember us, too, with a payment.

304

MARGINAL REMINDERS EXPLAINED 305

A special type of parenthetical expression is called appositive

and is explained below.

, apposition

Sometimes a writer mentions some person or thing and then,

in order to make his meaning perfectly clear to the reader, says

the same thing in different words.

. . . call our assistant manager, Miss Johnson, at Main6-6000

Here it is Friday, May 23, and we have not . . .

In many cases these constructions in apposition resemble the

constructions in which the commas are used to set off paren-

thetical expressions. It is really immaterial whether the tran-

scriber thinks he is using the commas to set oil an apposition or

to set off a parenthetical expression. They are the same thing

and the result is identical.

Some of the appositions occur at the end of a sentence, in which

case only one comma is needed.

. . . send us your check for $18.20 by Friday, January 12.

, series

When three or more similar expressions (words, phrases, or

clauses) occur in a series with a conjunction before the last

expression, a comma should be placed before the conjunction.

. . . provide you with the envelopes, letterheads, and

cards that . .

.

. . . goods shipped on March 10, April 7, and May 4.

The Mutual Insurance Company found the plan she

wanted, set it up for her, and made her happy.

306 MARGINAL REMINDERS EXPLAINED

,introductory

,if clause

,when clause

,as clause

One of the most frequent errors made by the beginning tran-

scriber is the failure to make a complete sentence. In most cases

the incomplete sentence is a dependent or subordinate clause

introduced by if, when, or as. The dependent or subordinate

clause deceives the transcriber because it is a complete sentence,

except that it is introduced by a word such as if and therefore

requires another clause to complete the thought. If . . . what?

When . . . what?

The dependent or subordinate clause signals its coming with a

relative pronoun or a subordinate conjunction. The relative pro-

nouns are that, who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever.

The commonest subordinating conjunctions are if, though, al-

though, whether, unless, as, because, when, since, while, where,

after, wherever, until, before, how. however.

In this text each if clause, when clause, and as clause has been

marked as such in the margin because these are by far the three

commonest subordinating conjunctions found in business cor-

respondence.

. . . when many customers owe us small balances, the

total amounts to a surprising sum.

If there is any error, please let us know . . .

As I am leaving for a two months' vacation abroad,

I should like to rent my apartment . . .

The Other and less frequent dependent clauses have been

grouped under the general marginal reminder ", introductory."

The rule covering the group of introductory dependent clauses,

however, is that a comma is used to separate a subordinate clause

from a following main clause. If the main clause comes first,

MARGINAL REMINDERS EXPLAINED 307

no comma is required. A comma was placed in the preceding

sentence after the subordinate clause (;'/ the main clause comes

first) because that clause came before the main clause. No commawould be required if the position of the two clauses were reversed

so that the sentence would read : No comma is required if the

main clause comes first.

Thus, the comma is required when the subordinate clause

introduces the main clause. Similarly, a comma is required after

other introductory or explanatory expressions such as on the

contrary, in brief, for instance.

Supplementing the annual report, I have occasionally

written to the members of our company . .

.

For your convenience in returning this letter, we are

enclosing a prepaid envelope.

The example just given shows the use of the comma after the

introductory or explanatory expression for your convenience in

returning this letter. When a similar expression is used at the

end of the sentence, no comma is required.

A self-addressed envelope is enclosed for your conveni-

ence in returning the form.

The learner will find it safe to use a comma after any intro-

ductory or explanatory expression or after any element of a

sentence used at the beginning of the sentence out of its natural

word order. The writer whose judgment has been formed by

constant practice will often prefer to omit the comma after a

short introductory expression that seems to flow into the rest

of the sentence without a break.

The constant observation of good models is the best and

surest way to become proficient in punctuation.

308 MARGINAL REMINDERS EXPLAINED

, conjunction

A comma is used to separate two independent clauses that are

joined by one of the conjunctions and, but, or, for, neither, nor.

An independent clause (sometimes called a main or principal

clause) is one that has a complete subject and predicate and that

could stand alone as a complete sentence.

We have to meet all our bills, but we cannot do so until

we collect all those due us from our customers.

The first independent or principal or main clause is

We have to meet all our bills.

because that could stand as a separate sentence. The second

independent clause, which could stand as a separate sentence, is

we cannot do so until we collect all those due us from

our customers.

These could be written as two separate sentences with a period

after each. Because the thought of the two sentences is closely

related, it seemed better to the writer of the letter to put them

into one sentence. Because the two independent clauses are con-

nected by the co-ordinating conjunction hut, a comma is used

between them.

Hyphenated before nounNo noun, no hyphen

The presence or absence of the hyphen in expressions like

worth while and up to date causes transcription errors largely

because of the infrequency of the problem. The principle is ex-

tremely simple. If a noun follows the expression, the hyphens

are inserted — no following noun, no hyphen.

The book is up to date. (No noun after the expression.)

The up-to-date book . . . (Noun follows the expression.)

M A K G I N A I. K K M I N I) K K S K \ P I. A I X K I) 309

Spelling and capitalization

Words that present any difficulty in spelling or capitalization

are correctly printed in the margin. Some of them recur manytimes in the course of the text. This constant repetition in the

natural context is more successful in teaching material of this

sort than the most intensive study of any one form at a time.

APPENDIXSTATE ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations used by the Post Office Department

C^

Ala. Q_^0

Ariz. CLf

Ark. CX^

CaHf.

Colo.

Conn.

Del.

Fla.

Ga.

Idaho

111.

Ind.

Iowa

Kans.

Ky.

La.

o

Maine

iMd.

Mass.

Mich.

Minn.

Miss.

Mo.

Mont.

Nebr.

Nev.

N. H.

N.J.

N. Mex

N.Y.

N. C.

N.Dak.

-TZ^

310

APPENDIX 311

PRINCIPAL CITIES OF

THE UNITED STATES

Charlotte

Chattanooga

Chicago ^^/-i

Jacksonville

Jersey City

Kansas City --^^-c?

Knoxville

Long Beach

Los Angeles k_..-^

Elizabeth e Êrie (lJ'

Cambridge ^-^___^ Fall River îC^-^W' Memphis -

Camden ^^^_^y Mint C_-^^ Miami __

Canton --:::^-^ P ort Wayne J^ Milwaukee

Fort Worth A*^ Minneapolis

Nashville

-?:^r

jarv

Cjrand RapidspiGs ) Newark^Cincinnati c^H^ Hartford ^^^^ New Bedford

Houston ^^y^ îtw Haven

Indianapolis _-^Y^ ^^'^^^' Orleans

Cleveland

Columbus

fe

312 APPENDIX

New York

Norfolk

Oakland

Rochester (_^ Springfield ^-*=^

Sacramentc). Syracuse ^^^^^

St. Louis y^—-"'^ Tacoma

Oklahoma City St. Paul >f Tampa

Omaha :__-^-P Salt Lake City Toledo

Paterson (y'^-'T-^ San Antonio ^, ...- Trenton

Peoriaff^jp

San Diego^;—/^ Tulsa

Philadelphia c><i_j^ San Francisco ^-;;7^ Utica ^^^"'^^'^

Washington "^^^

Wichita /^

Somerville z ^_^ Wilmington

South ^tx\di^^^ ^l^Worcester

Spokane ^^^^— Yonkers

APPENDIX 313

Recall ChartThis word list contains an example of every shorthand charac-

ter, every abbreviating and phrasing device, and every principle

of joining. BCD

314 APPENDIX

Brief Forms in Order of Presentation

B

3.

21.

4. ^

7. /^ ._^

^^^ 16. ^ -^

.^^— O^

19. ^ ^

D

r o

^ 9.

r

14. ^

17. ^'

^20.

/

9

APPENDIX 315

A

f

-7"

B D

32.

-7^

/

46.

7

50.

7 J>^

52.. ^

r

^^

^

34.

i_>=-

^7<

^-^

51.

E F

26. ^ (^1--^

> /

45. X

-?

V/7

,.r^

^ C

--42^-^'~^'^

Gregg Shorthand Manual Simplified

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