reening Public Health at he George Washington University Washington, DC NANCY GIAMMATTEO, AIA, – GW SCOTT SPANGENBERG, PE, LEED BRENDON BURLEY, PhD – AEI SONG ZHANG, PhD, PE, LEED AP Speakers: April 15, 2013 KEY DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION TEAM - •PAYETTE /AYERS SAINT GROSS •AFFILIATED ENGINEERS •PALADINO •TADJER COHEN •WHITING TURNER
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Greening Public Health at The George Washington University Washington, DC Greening Public Health at The George Washington University Washington, DC NANCY.
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Easy conversion from load calculations to energy calculations.
Unlimited max number of zones
Capability of modeling different airside systems plus many HVAC plant configurations and control strategies, including Displacement Ventilation Systems, Active/Passive Chilled Beam Systems, Variable Refrigerant Volume Systems, Demand Control Ventilation, etc. that cannot be modeled with other energy modeling software
Comprehensively and actively updated frequently to accommodate newly developed systems
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS
Future Trends
BIM Integrated Energy Models
Combined Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Energy Models
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS
Energy Modeling Throughout the Design Process
• Concept: Preliminary studies; load calculations
• Schematic Design: Identifies the primary energy uses
• Design Development: Conducts parametric analyses to evaluate alternative specifications & understand trade-offs between initial cost & life-cycle cost
• Construction Documents: Necessary to document compliance with codes such as the Energy Cost Budget method in the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 or the Total Building Performance section of the IECC
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS Possible Solutions
• Combined heat & power • Triple glazing window • Low e windows• Chilled beam• Displacement Ventilation • LED Lighting• Advanced Lighting Controls• Photovoltaics• Heat recovery chillers• Heat wheels• Geothermal• Green power• Green roof• Wind Turbines
• Water side economizer• Air side economizer• Daylighting • Ice storage• Water reuse• Water efficient plumbing
Terracotta Rain Screen – Open joints allow for air flow in the cavity behind the tiles. This creates a pressure balanced system when combined with compartmentalization of the cavity. Gaskets and overlapped joints are used to discourage water from entering the cavity while still allowing ventilation of the cavity. The air space and insulation increase the thermal performance of the exterior wall system.
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS Chilled Beams on Dedicated Outside Air
Chilled beams reduce the need for cooling by air, allowing the use of dedicated ventilation.
Utilizes year-round cooling demands to generate heating water for HVAC use. Water use is also reduced at evaporative cooling towers.
MODELING TO SOLUTIONSHeat Recovery Chiller
MODELING TO SOLUTIONSUnder Floor Displacement Ventilation
Displacement ventilation limits cooling to the occupied area and takes advantage of natural air currents to improve environmental quality.
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS Daylighting, Lighting, and Controls
Integrating Artificial & Natural Lighting: Automated reduction of artificial lighting in response to daylight conditions on both interior and exterior.
Energy Efficient Lighting: Extensive use of CFL and selected use of LED lights reduce energy use from required lighting.
Controls: Lighting Management System in public spaces. Extensive use of occupancy sensors and timer switches throughout the building.
MODELING TO SOLUTIONSStorm Water Management and Reclamation
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS
What Did NOT Apply & Why
• Combined Heating and Power: Project Scale; Initial Cost
• Photovoltaics: Irregular Roof Shape, Not Enough Roof Space
• Thermal Massing: Building Façade, Cost
• Natural Ventilation: Climate in Washington DC Area; Hot & Humid in Summer
(Expand)
MODELING TO SOLUTIONSCombined Heat and Power
Utilize locally consumed fuel to simultaneously generate power. Requires sustained demand for heating to run a generator.
MODELING TO SOLUTIONSPhotovoltaics
Can be applied to rooftops, and emerging technology includes facades. Requires large amounts of real estate.
MODELING TO SOLUTIONSAnnual Energy Use Comparison
Proposed Design vs. ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Baseline
Baseline Proposed Design0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Fan
Pump
Heat Rejection
Cooling
Heating
Lights
ReceptacleAnnu
al E
nerg
y Us
e (M
MBt
u/yr
)
MODELING TO SOLUTIONS
Lessons Learned• There is no one size fits all solution for a sustainable building.
• Systems can work against each other, do not make decisions in isolation.
• Be aware of the limitations of your energy model; complex systems cannot always be modeled out of the box.
• Energy models are predictive of, but not guar
• Try to minimize the glass area of the building. This project had 10% more glass allowed beyond Appendix G; which penalized the project of X energy points.
MEASUREMENT & VERIFICATION
“Begin with the end in mind” (Steven Covey)
• Data Collection (Metering)• Data Transfer (Trending)• Data Management (Optimization)
MEASUREMENT & VERIFICATION
MEASUREMENT & VERIFICATION
MEASUREMENT & VERIFICATION
Importance
• Better building maintenance• Improved real return on investment• Benefits to future projects from