1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION GREEN BUILDING (GREEN INTERIOR) WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING? Green building design is a practical and climate conscious approach to building design. These buildings were generally made of locally available materials like wood, mud and stone and dealt with the vagaries of weather without using a large amount of external energy to keep the inhabitants comfortable. A green building uses minimum amount of energy, consumes less water, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and creates space for healthy and comfortable living and amount of external energy to keep the inhabitants comfortable. During the 20 th century, the energy needs of a person taken as a global average will increase by a factor of four. As life expectancies increase, populations increase, material and wealth increases, all of these four things put a high demand on the ecosystem of the earth.points to be seen:
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Transcript
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
GREEN BUILDING (GREEN INTERIOR)
WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING?
Green building design is a practical and climate conscious approach to building
design. These buildings were generally made of locally available materials like
wood, mud and stone and dealt with the vagaries of weather without using a large
amount of external energy to keep the inhabitants comfortable. A green building
uses minimum amount of energy, consumes less water, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and creates space for healthy and comfortable
living and amount of external energy to keep the inhabitants comfortable.
During the 20th century, the energy needs of a person taken as a global average
will increase by a factor of four. As life expectancies increase, populations
increase, material and wealth increases, all of these four things put a high
demand on the ecosystem of the earth.points to be seen:
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1. MATERIALS: 50% of all resources (sand, gravel, clay, and iron ore, wood)
globally go into construction.
2. ENERGY: 45% is used to heat, light, and ventilate buildings and 5% to
construct them.
3. WATER: 40% is globally used for sanitation and other use in
buildings.16% is consumed in consumption.
4. LAND: 60% prime agricultural land lost to farming is used for building
purpose.
5. TIMBER: 70% of timber products end up in building construction.
Green building is defined by the Office of the Federal Environmental
Executive as “the practice of:
1) Increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy,
water, and materials.
2) Reducing building impacts of human health and the environment,
through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and
removal throughout the complete life cycle.”
Being A GREEN BUILDING the envelope has to be built with some
requirement to fulfil its basis.
EXTERIOR
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Selecting siding materials that do not require painting, such as vinyl or brick
instead of wood is required for a green building.
Consider a roof made of metal instead of traditional shingles.
Purchasing plant materials that do not require a lot of water or attention and
are appropriate for your climate.
Considering removing part or all of your lawn and replace it with low
maintenance plants or other ground cover, such as artificial grass or stone.
Avoiding real wood decks that might require continual
resealing. Swimming pools are also a source of continual maintenance
BUILDING MATERIAL
Recycled glass an analysis of the eco properties of this material used in
interior design and your home.
Concrete There is a divide in the industry whether concrete is green or not. Durability
versus extremely energy intensive manufacturing.
Clay plaster an alternative to gypsum plaster with lower levels of embodied
energy & excellent eco properties.
Limes plaster the natural more eco-friendly alternative to gypsum plaster
for your interior walls.
ENERGY CONSERVATION MATERIAL FOR BUILDING
Energy Conservation: Materials that require less energy during
construction e.g. precast slabs.
Materials that help reduce the cooling loads- e.g. –aerated concrete blocks.
Products that conserve energy–e. g. CFL lamps.
Fixtures & equipment’s that help conserve water e.g. Dual flush cisterns
CONVENTIONAL ECO FRIENDLY MATERIAL
1. Bamboo, Bamboo Based Particleboard & Ply Board, Bamboo Matting
Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up of
building Surfaces.
Landscaping creates different airflow patterns and can be used to direct or
divert the wind advantageously by causing a pressure difference.
Additionally, the shade created by trees and the effect of grass and Shrubs
reduce air temperatures adjoining the building and provide evaporative
cooling. Properly designed roof gardens help to reduce heat loads in a
building.
A study shows that the ambient air under a tree adjacent to the wall is about
2 °C to 2.5 °C lower than that for unshaved areas, which Reduces heat gain
by conduction
1. Winter winds, generally from the north and west, can be controlled by
creating wind breaks using evergreen trees, shrubs, vines, fences, or earth
berms.
2. These wind breaks can be placed or the north and west sides of the home or
along the perimeters of the lot.
3. Evergreen trees or medium to tall evergreen shrubs should be planted on the
north side of the house to block the north winter winds.
4. These plants do not lose their foliage during the winter.
5. Earth berms and fences can channel winds away from the house and provide
insulating features
6. Shrubs and trees next to the house can also provide protection by creating an
insulating space next to the walls and by reducing infiltration through the
windows and walls.
7. Proper choices and placement of trees are important in controlling sunlight
coming into the house. Shade trees should be selected by considering their
expected height at maturity.
8. If trees are not properly placed, they won’t be very effective. Trees that are
planted too close or too far from the home will not provide protection from
sunlight.
9. Heat from summer sunlight can be reduced by planting deciduous trees and
shrubs along the east, west, and south sides of the house. If deciduous trees
are tall enough, they will not only shade the walls but also the roof.
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10. The east and west sides of the home should have shorter deciduous trees or
medium to all shrubs to create shade from the hot morning and afternoon
sunlight. Because their leaves drop in the late fall and winter, deciduous
trees allow sunlight onto south walls and windows.
11. However, if deciduous trees are planted too close to the house and in front of
windows, some of the heat gain through the windows in the winter can be
blocked by the bare branches.
12. Medium to tall deciduous shrubs along the east, west, and south walls are
not only effective in shading walls and reducing temperatures in summer but
are also effective in screening hot summer winds and channelling cooling
winter breezes toward or away from walls, windows, and outdoor spaces.
13. The concept of xeriscaping (dry landscaping) is useful in conserving water
and providing sun and wind control. Many homes have large expanses of
entrance planting or front lawns that are often not used as activity areas.
14. Seldom-used areas can be converted to drought-resistant ground cover
requiring less frequent watering or to native species requiring no water.
IVY PLANTS AND PEACE LILY ARE HIGHY EFFECTIVE AT REMOVING
TOXINS FROM INDOOR AIR
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INDOOR LANDSCAPE
A houseplant is a plant that is grown indoors in places such as residences and offices.
Houseplants are commonly grown for decorative purposes and health reasons Such as indoor air purification.
The indoor landscaping for plants (plants, water features etc.); indoors is to
be in known so as to enhance the aesthetics as well as reap maximum
benefit from these natural resources resulting into a functional eco-friendly
interior space.
In view of global warming & excessive use of unfriendly synthetic materials
indoors that are leading to health hazards in the occupants, it is essential to
bring the outdoors inside to balance this situation & also reduce the load on
natural resources as well as preserving them. E.g. Indoor plants are an
excellent source of oxygen & also cool the surroundings thereby reducing
the load on mechanical air-conditioning systems.
Water features also do their bit in controlling the temperature as well as
having a positive psychological effect on the minds of the occupants.
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Indoor landscaping is not limited to container plants but has now moved to
full-fledged landscaped gardens with plants, pools, streams keeping in view
the provision for natural light, water supply & drainage, nutrition for plants,
maintenance & cleaning
Some types of interiorscaping are:
Green wall system
It contributes to indoor air quality and providing oxygen and humidity.
INDOOR PLANTING
PLANT LIFE
These plants can be used in interior in hot and sunny and cold and humid climate
as in the space creating an environmental effect for the space
• MONEY PLANT
• PALMS
• BAMBOO
• CALADIUM
• ELEPHANT EARS
• HIBISCUS (NO FLOWERING)
• PLUMERIA (NO FLOWERING)
• AUREACARIA
• PEEPAL
• SPIDER PLANT
There are three basics category of water garden plants:
• Oxygenators
• Floaters
• Marginals
SOME INDOOR FLOWERING BULBS:
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HYACINTH AMARYLLIS
ROOF GARDENING
Roof garden is a garden on roof of a building.
Plants have ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building
which then reduces energy consumption.
Landscaping courtyard
Courtyard is a small space in between a space of residence that is exposed to
environment.
COURTYARD EFFECTS
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Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises.
Cool air from the ground level flows through the louvered openings of
rooms surrounding a courtyard, thus producing air flow.
At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection and radiation. If
this heat exchange reduces roof surfaces temperature to WBT of air,
condensation of atmospheric moisture occurs on the roof and the gain due to
condensation limits further cooling.
If the roof surfaces are sloped towards the internal courtyard, the cooled Air
sinks into the court and enters the living space through low-level openings,
Gets warmed up, and leaves through higher-level openings. However, care
should be taken that the courtyard does not receive intense
Solar radiation, which would lead to conduction and radiation heat gains into
the building. Intensive solar radiation in the courtyard also produces
immense
Window boxes
These are located at window hanging refreshing the space. Wood, brick, metal,
fibre glass etc. can be used for the container.
Container garden
Contained in a box, can be movable and various plants can be planted.
Plants could hold the secret to a simple, easy, cheap and fail-safe way to improve
your home’s health.
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FOUNTAINS
Fountains add a special effect on the space. Together with the fountains using
natural resource water lights are added in order to create a natural effect.
These lights can be LED.
These are some indoor wall table top fountains.
Fountains can be from outdoor in a courtyard or in interior from placing in table or
a corner space according to the requirement.
INDOOR PONDS
TYPES OF POND
Basically, there are two types of pond — a formal pond with a hard
landscaped edge (brick, stone or tile), and an informal pond designed to
blend in with nature.
Both types can be built using either a preformed rigid liner, or a flexible
plastic liner. Where the formal pond unit sits above ground level, it is
generally easier use a long-lasting preformed rigid liner of fiberglass or
plastic.
A pond is going to be there for a long time, so take into account all the
constructional, aesthetic and horticultural considerations.
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BIOPOOLS
Water is a very good modifier of microclimate. It takes up a large amount of heat
in evaporation and causes significant cooling especially in a hot and dry Climate.
On the other hand, in humid climates, water should be avoided as it Adds to
humidity.
Bio pools are natural swimming pools. Rather than relying on chemicals to
keep them clean, they use ecological systems (plants) and bio-technology.
The classic bio pool works by having two zones: a central swimming area
and a shallower surrounding area with plants specially chosen to purify the
water.
Some bio pools have separate swimming and purifying areas, while the
latest concept makes it possible to have no plants but use natural bio filters
installed inside or outside the pool.
A biological filter keeps the pools clean. This is a water garden where
micro-organisms, microbes and water plants continually clean the water.
Plant roots absorb nutrients from the water that micro-organisms release
during the decomposition of germs and other natural substances.
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ANTHROPOMETRICS Anthropometrics is the comparative study of human body measurements and
properties. Anthropometrics literally means man (anthro) measurements
(metric).
It enables us to properly size items, including system interfaces, to "fit" the
user.
It is the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body, as well
as parameters such as reach and visual range capabilities.
Accurate data on height, weight, limb, and body segment sizes are needed to
design items ranging from clothing, furniture, automobiles, buses, and
subway cars to space shuttles and space stations.
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LIVING ROOM
Living room should be designed with proper spacing in mind. Chairs
should not be too close to each other; always allow for "personal space"
for each user. Remember to allot an area of at least 1 square meter for
each person.
KITCHEN
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Worktop heights
Both when standing and sitting to work, it is important that the worktop should be
as follows:
For manipulative tasks involving moderate degrees of both force and precision:
between 50 and 100 mm below elbow height of the person concerned
For delicate tasks: between 50 and 1000 mm above elbow height
For heavy tasks, particularly those involving downward pressure on the work
piece: between 100 and 300 mm below elbow height.
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FITTED UNITS IN KITCHEN
Built in units are available are available from 20-120 cm usually with a
height of 85 cm.materials used in kitchen are wood, plywood, plastic.
Exposed wood surfaces are varnished or laminated.
Shelves are of wood or plastic coated chipboards. Metal shelves are best for
pots and pans.
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DINING ROOM
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TABLE SHOWING QUANTITY OF PERSONS WITH SPACE
BATHROOM & TOILET
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BEDROOMS
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WARDROBES
ERGONOMICS
Derived from the Greek ergon (work) and nomos (laws) to denote the science of
work, ergonomics is a systems-oriented discipline, which now applies to all aspects
of human activity.
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One of the benefits of ergonomics chair and table is obtained by the human
comfort of use.
LIVING ROOM
S
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The width in front of the chair or sofa for getting up and sitting down is 1050 across the arms (to allow for elbow movements).it is the depth needed for sitting down and getting up.
A depth of between 550 and 650 is required for sitting normally. A depth of between 800 and 850 is needed for putting legs up on a footstool.
BED ROOM:
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BATHROOM ROOM & TOILET:
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DINING ROOM:
KITCHEN
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LANDSCAPING
With the exception of facilities specifically designed for the display or growth of
plants (such as greenhouses or conservatories), plant materials must be able to
tolerate the environmental conditions created for human comfort. However, with
minor modifications to the physical conditions within a building, it is possible to
find many plants from the tropical and subtropical regions of the world that will
survive indoors in the temperature and humidity ranges also comfortable for
human activity.
The "hardscape" aspects of interior landscape design and construction, (such as
paving materials, landscape furniture, pools and fountains) are not significantly
different than those same elements in the exterior environment .
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PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF PLANTS:
Light.
Growing plants convert radiant energy (from daylight or electric light sources) into
food . Plants use radiant energy of wavelengths in the 400- to 850-nanometer (nm)
range .Light for plant growth is typically described in terms of intensity, duration,
and quality .
Light can be provided either from daylight or electric light .
Daylight is preferable because it provides a greater spectrum of the radiant
energy needed by most plants, and is generally provided more diffusely than
electric light .
Intensity.
Intensity of light is a quantitative figure typically measured in lux (footcandles), or
lumens per square meter (square foot) . A lumen is the specific quantity of light
emitted by a light source without regard to the direction of its distribution . A lux
(footcandle) is a quantitative measure referring to how much light is being received
on a surface.
Quality.
Natural light, which contains the entire spectrum of visible light plus ultraviolet
and infrared wavelengths, is ideal for plant growth.
Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality
Plant requirements for air typically refer to temperature, relative humidity, and air
quality.
FOUNTAINS
A designer usually incorporates water into a space as a visual element.
The aesthetic qualities of water, however, reach far beyond the visual aspect
due to the documented psychological effects of water as a metaphor and as a
physical factor providing sound, and climatic modification.
The sound of water and the coolness associated with being near or touching
water is equally a part of our emotional response to water in the
environment.
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Visual:
Water can function as a focal point within a space or as a means of creating
and maintaining a sense of continuity.
A water display can strongly temper the character of a space. A sense of
calm and serenity is created by a quiet stream or pool, while excitement and
drama can be achieved by swiftly moving, densely massed, or strongly
vertical displays.
The level of formality will be influenced by the forms of the pools and
displays, and the mood further defined or reinforced by appropriate lighting.
Auditory.
The intensity and frequency of the sound generated by a water display can be used
to convey a sense of calm or excitement, and can also mask unpleasant or
distracting ambient noise.
Sensory Effects.
Airborne spray and evaporation from water displays cause a cooling effect.
Droplets and sprays from active, aerated displays are particularly effective.
Still Water: The container defines the form assumed by the water. The finish of
the underwater surfaces and the condition of the water at the surface influence the
ultimate effect. A dark
Moving Water:
There are two subcategories within this classification. Falling water refers
to water moving solely under the influence of gravity, while spouting water
refers to water discharged or displaced under pressure, countering or
complementing gravitational movement.
This latter category includes waves and spouts (jets) of water. The wave
effect, while a viable alternative visually and mechanically, has not been
widely applied because of the excessive energy requirements and the
considerable bulk of the activating mechanisms.
Free-Failing Water:
Free-falling water moves vertically without contacting any surfaces and is most
often expressed as a full sheet .Decreasing the flow rate produces a rain like broken
she
PHYSCOLOGY
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COLOUR PHYSOCOLOGY
Colours affect the proportion of places, darker or bright colours make things
closer but white or pale colours draw them away
Red
Red is the most powerful colour of the colour wheel.
Red is the colour of fire and passion, and it represents our desires and
cravings in all areas.
Red can be seen as a stressful colour and has been shown to increase heart
rate and blood pressure, so use it with caution.
Red is the hottest colour of the spectrum and can make anywhere seem
warm and cosy, so is ideal for people who suffer from the cold.
Red is not a good choice where calmness and clear thinking are required, it’s
energetic frequency is not conductive to areas where rest is needed, so it’s
not a good choice for bedrooms or relaxation areas.
Red has been shown to increase appetite in most people – one of the reasons
that many restaurants choose red patterns in their dining rooms. Using red in
your kitchen to increase appetite is as simple as blending beige walls with
red shutters or cabinet doors.
GREEN
Green is the colour of nature and represents balance and harmony.
Green is a very healing, soothing colour which can be used to create a
relaxing area in any part of the home .If you suffer from auto-immune
problems, asthma or bronchitis, green can aid relief.
Green helps to treat hyperactivity in children, and restores calm
Environment.
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Some shades of green can cause nausea, so it’s not the best choice for dining
areas.
Green can offer a relaxed, homey atmosphere, with green furniture against
white, or other neutral coloured walls.
Green accents or accent walls can offer a unique, organic sense of contrast.
GREEN IN KITCHEN
Because so much of the foods that we enjoy are green, a green kitchen
reminds us of where our food comes from.
It also has an aesthetic value, with green grapes, green apples, and other
green foods that can help to bring out any green accents you’ve decided to
add to your kitchen.
Green additions often bring out a subtle vibrancy in the earthy palettes of
stone countertops, and tile.
GREEN IN BATHROOM
Green is often associated with water, although with a warmer connotation.
This makes bolstering feelings of comfort even easier in an area of the
home where comfort and relaxation is paramount.
Muted shades of green like sea moss, or clean paler shades like honeydew
melon can bring a connection with the earth into focus, too.
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PURPLE
Purple is the colour of true greatness, and is associated with inspired
leadership.
Purple is a positive inspirational colour and is a good choice for creative
people particularly those that require solitude for inspiration, such as
musical composers, poets, painters and sculptures.
The psychological effects of the colour purple will depend very much on
how 'warm' or 'cool' the hue is:
1) Bluish purples can be serene and calming and have a 'mysterious' depth.
2) Reddish purples demand more attention and can dominate a room (and
are always in danger of looking garish or cheap).
YELLOW & ORANGE
Yellow is generally seen as a light, optimistic colour, and has a unique
ability to raise the spirits and inject vitality into any area, as it is the colour
of sunshine and happiness.
Yellow creates a warm, welcoming first impression so is a good choice in
entrance halls.
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Yellow is a favourite for kitchens, as it set the mood for the rest of the day
and helps creativity and conversation.
Orange is often associated with improved lung function as well as increased
energy. As well as working well in any workout room, a mild orange can be
very helpful to those recovering from illness or with lung problems.
BLUE
Blue is an ideal colour for bedrooms or restrooms of any kind, also in any
area where you want to calm people under stress.
Blue’s ability to encourage clear thought makes it well suited to kids study
areas in the home
It should be avoided by any that suffers from depression or sadness and
avoided by anyone that is troubled by the cold.
It is not a good colour for playrooms or an area that you want to create a
motivating atmosphere
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BROWN
Brown is known as a safe colour that tends to be a natural colour, the best in brown
is that it can support any kind of design it involves, it could be in classic, modern,
modern classic ….it can be in the shape of woods or any piece of furniture.
WHITE
White is commonly associated with purity and innocence.
White lacks colours of any kind. Since it lacks colour of any kind, it is the
most popular choice as a background colour, as all other colours will be seen
in sharp contrast
BLACK
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Well, while black represents widowing, death and evil powers to some
people it also represents power, social prestige, formal occasions and
elegance to others.
Black is mostly used in interiors as the “eyeliner “of the place …..u can use
it in picture frames , elegant accessories , small corner furniture’s , cushions
or even as the main sofa in the room but you should take care when using
black colours in small rooms as it will make the room look smaller.
GREEN SPACE EFFECT
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Bringing in plant life not only makes a space greener (both figurative and
literally) but it has been proven to reduce stress and boost productivity.
•Plants take a lot of toxins out of the air. Sometimes there’s a controversy over
plants indoors. If they’re not well taken care of, the soils can get mold, and the
mold can get airborne.
•But that’s not the kind of plants I’m talking about. Bringing plants inside does
take pollutants out of the air, but you have to do your due diligence and take care
of the plants.
Recorded Health Improvements after the Introduction of Interior Plants
AILMENT % REDUCTION
Fatigue 20%
Headache 30%
Sore/dry throats 30%
Coughs 40%
Dry facial skin 25%
It was found that the score sum, as a mean of 12 symptoms, was 23% lower during
the period when the participants had plants in their offices (mean score sum was
7.1 during the period without plants, vs. 5.6 during the period with plants . If the
symptoms were clustered, a significant reduction was obtained in neuro-
psychological symptoms and in mucous membrane symptoms, while skin
symptoms seemed to be unaffected by the plant intervention
FINISHES
GREEN INTERIOR
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WALL FINISH
PAINTS & COLOURS
Colour is the dark sheep of green interiors, but it is a little known fact that the
colour palette chosen for a room can affect its overall temperature.
As with colours in every other situation, cooler shades reflect the sun and are
perfect in spaces that receive a high amount of natural light. In contradiction to
this, warmer colours should be used in rooms that are colder and have less natural
light. In following this design technique, further reliance is taken off electrically
run heating and cooling, thus greening up the space.
Light colours finishes on ground and vertical surfaces reflect light thus
contributing to higher levels of day light while reducing the contrast between
bright window areas and the surrounding surface.
What are VOC’s?
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are, most simply, chemical fumes. They’re
emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids, and include a variety of chemicals,
some of which may have short and long term adverse health effects.
Low VOC paints are just less toxic. Most chemical paints release toxic solvents
and petrochemicals into the air as they dry, and these nasties have been linked to
many health conditions including cancer, sick building syndrome, breathing
difficulties, dizziness, headaches, fatigue and blurred vision
Paint often contains VOCs—volatile organic compounds
Certainly a high VOC count is not what we want; we want to go for zero,
low-VOC. Every time we paint we’re emitting these, which is especially
unhealthy if we’re living in the home while we’re painting
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This make the space more environmentally friendly due to the low
environmental harm production processes, but they can actually enable
health benefits through the lack of harmful chemicals expelled.
Ecolour’s water-based paint is self-priming, washable, scrub able, splatter free and
it cleans up in water.
Ecolour is the only paint manufacturer in the world to use a recycled ingredient
and to be certified carbon neutral
Natural organic paint
The paints are biodegradable and are harmless to humans, animals and
plants.
The vegetable and mineral ingredients used here are from renewable
sources.
They use plant-derived solvents and binders, rather than synthetic ones, so
have much lower VOC levels than conventional paints.
Water based paints
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These are low in VOC and are healthier.
Dulux Enviro Wash System
Paint giant Dulux, a member of the Green Building Council of Australia, has
its own ranges of low VOC and acrylic paints.
This water-based treatment system turns paint washout into clean water and
solid waste, making for easier and safer disposal.
The system provides an environmentally responsible way of washing
brushes and rollers, separating paint solids from water in one hour.
ECO FRIENDLY WALLPAPER
Natural grass cloths
A good eco wallpaper alternative. Typically grown overseas and handmade,
grass cloth wallpaper is made from woven natural grasses. The appearance is
warm with a textured weave ranging from fine to chunky.
This type of textured wallpaper is suitable for covering walls that have
imperfections as the textured surface covers most minor defects.
Natural glass cloths are sustainable and renewable resources which are
harvested either biyearly or yearly and typically backed with recycled paper.
The following paragraphs look at each type of glass cloth.
1. Arrowroot wallpaper -A plant that is grown in Caribbean and Asian
regions, produced with a fine weave.
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2. Bamboo wallpaper - Available as hand-woven wallpaper backed by paper
or a hand-woven wall panel backed by fabric.
3. Bamboo and sea grass wallpaper - A combination of natural materials for
a textured wallpaper effect.
4. Jute wallpaper - Available in a fine weave with the appearance of soft silk
and a limited number of natural tones.
5. Sea grass wallpaper - A rugged textured natural weave.
6. Sisal wallpaper - This natural material is available in a very fine weave
with a variety of colour ways and designs. The effect is a silk like wallpaper.
7. Hemp wallpaper - Hemp is a good alternative to conventional wallpaper as
the plant is abundant and is easy to grow without chemical pesticides and
fertilisers.
8. Sustainable wallpaper - Wood based wallpaper sourced from timber forests
that have been sustainably managed e.g. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
certified.
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9. Vinyl / PVC free wallpaper - Wallpaper which does not contain synthetic
vinyl / PVC. These types of wallpaper do not create toxic off gassing into
your home.
10. Chlorine free wallpaper - Wallpaper which has not been treated with
chlorine chemicals.
11. Glass fibre wallpaper - Fibres have a diameter more than 5 micrometres are
non-irritant to the respiratory system. Fibres are only released during
manufacture and trimming, which can cause some people a temporary minor
skin irritation.
12. Bark skin wallpaper - A hand made textured wallpaper made from organic
bark material. Gives the appearance of leather, parchment or stone.
sanitation and cleaning is 13.2 gallons of water per person.
Now factor in that 1 in 8 people in the world (884 million) lack access to safe
water supplies and that every 20 seconds a child dies from a water related
disease.
Conserving water is the second tenet of green interior design. This can be
done simply by taking shorter showers, turning the faucet off while you brush
your teeth, by washing the dishes by hand, by only doing full loads of
laundry. Other key strategies are to check that your faucets are not leaking – if
they are replace the washers, to use a low-flow faucet aerator and a shower
head with air holes to reduce the gallons per minute flow.
Save water when you shower
Water-saving showerheads can save litres of water for every minute they are
used.
A WELS 3-star rated showerhead, for example, will use six litres of water per
minute, compared to a zero rated showerhead, which can use more than 15
litres per minute.
Another tip for saving water in the shower is to install a timer.
Water pebble measures how much water is going down the plughole and
remembers how much you use.
It has a set of traffic lights to count down to let you know when to finish
showering, and each time it fractionally reduced your shower time.
SANITARYWARE
Water Saving Products
Installation Type Product
Images Unit of Measure
Capacity / Flow rate
(Litres)
WC dual flush
Full
Part
4.00
2.70
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Shower (with
bath)
Litres / minute 5.00
Wash basin taps
Litres /minute 2.45
Bath (with
shower)
Capacity to
overflow 98.00
Kitchen taps
Litres / minute 3.50
Urinals – Waterless urinals which use a small fan. The low wattage long life fan
creates negative pressure, which maintains a gentle flow of air down the urinal
bowls, removing all odours.
Sanitary ware - A range of water efficient baths, wc’s, and basins compatible with
water saving taps that complement our water efficient sanitary ware.
Taps and Showers - Contemporary and traditional style water saving taps and
showers. Outlet devices, such as sprays and aerators, fitted to taps can contribute to
water savings by up to 80
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SERVICES
HVAC
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions include temperature
and humidity control. This is generally one of the most important aspects to a
homeowner.
Time-based controls can be used to turn on and off the heating system (and/or water
heating) at pre-selected periods (of the day, of the week, etc.). Optimizer Parameters:
whatever the conditions, the controls make sure the building reaches the desired
temperature when occupancy starts heating. Optimizer parameter-based (temperature)
control examples.
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Temperature control: protection against freezing or frost protection generally involves
running heating system pumps and boilers when external temperature reaches a set level
(0°C).
Compensated systems: will control flow temperature in the heating circuit relative to
external temperature. This will give a rise in the circuit flow temperature when outside
temperature drops.
Thermostatic radiator valves: these sense space temperature in a room and throttle the
flow accordingly through the radiator or convector to which they are fitted.
Proportional control: involves switching equipment on and off automatically to regulate
output.
Other methods can include thermostats, occupancy sensing PIR's (passive infra-red
sensors), and manual user control.
PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUE
Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of cooling a home which
maximizes the efficiency of the building envelope without any use of
mechanical devices.
It relies on natural heat-sinks to remove heat from the building. They derive
cooling directly from evaporation, convection, and radiation without using
any intermediate electrical devices.
All passive cooling strategies rely on daily changes in temperature and
relative humidity.
The applicability of each system depends on the climatic conditions.
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VENTILATION
Outdoor breezes create air movement through the house interior by the ‘push-
pull’ effect of positive air pressure on the windward side and negative
pressure (suction) on the leeward side.
Good natural ventilation requires locating openings in opposite pressure
zones. Also, designers often choose to enhance natural ventilation using tall
spaces called stacks in buildings
Outdoor breezes create air movement through the house interior by the 'push-
pull' effect of positive air pressure on the windward side and negative
pressure (suction) on the leeward side.
In order to have a good natural ventilation, openings must be placed at
opposite pressure zones.
In order to have a good natural ventilation, openings must be placed at
opposite pressure zones.
With openings near the top of stacks, warm air can escape whereas cooler air
enters the building from openings near the ground.
The windows play a dominant role in inducing indoor ventilation due to wind
forces.
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ENERGY SAVING VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Whilst ventilation is essential in a building, it also removes warm air representing a
loss of heat. Energy saving ventilation systems on the other hand ensures good air
circulation, removing moisture at source in a controlled environment.
Systems can also recover heat energy that would normally be lost.
WHOLE HOUSE MECHANCIAL VENTILATION WITH HEAT
RECOVERY - MVHR.
MVHR supplies fresh air to all habitable rooms whilst removing moist stale air via a
highly efficient heat exchanger ( up to 91% efficiency) reusing the heat that would
have escaped to pre heat the fresh air entering the building.
BENEFITS
Up to 91% efficiency and low power consumption.
Compact - can be fitted into airing cupboards as well as loft spaces.
Easy installation and commissioning.
SAP Appendix Q compliant.
Frost protection facility.
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EST Best Practice compliant.
Energy saving boost function.
With the design of high ceilings throughout the breeze zone combined with
clerestory windows at the 14′ ceiling height on three walls, the rising hot air is
allowed to escape which in turn does two things.
Firstly the rising air creates a low pressure zone on the cool mass floor,
pulling air along the floor from other areas of the house as well as any open
doors.
Secondly the rising and escaping air creates an interior low pressure that
should pull in large volumes or exterior air from the patio doors.
Depending on the primary wind direction and which doors are opened relative
to time of day and shade, we can create a breeze of cooler incoming air.
COURTYARD EFFECT
Beside the courtyrad inside the building the other functions it
provides can be seen as:
• Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises.
• Cool air from the ground level flows through the louvered openings of rooms
surrounding a courtyard, thus producing air flow.
• At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection and radiation.
• Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises.
• Cool air from the ground level flows through the louvered openings of rooms
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surrounding a courtyard, thus producing air flow.
• At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection and radiation.
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AIR CONDITIONING
Air conditioning is a process which gives a space appropriate temperature.
Proper air conditioning is essential not only for the efficiency and fresh mood
but also for hygienic conditions.
Air conditioning is a process of treating air so as to control its temperature,
humidity, purity, velocity and distribution to meet the requirements of the
showroom for retail use.
The basic objective of air conditioning involves proper control of
temperature, humidity, purity, and velocity of the air as: temperature24.5*C,
relative humidity 50% to 60%, 10 air change equivalent and noise level 50 db.
Some major companies which deals in air conditioners are: Haier, Hitachi,
Videocon, Voltas, blue star, leg, carrier, Samsung, ken star, whirlpool etc.
There are two basic ways to air-condition any showroom either it can be air-
conditioned centrally or non-centrally.
NON –CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONERS
These are the systems which are self-contained, weather proof unit,
incorporating fan, filter, compressor, condenser and evaporator coils for
cooling.
It is fitted into a standardized window frame by an opening in the exterior
wall. It should be installed at body level for optimum comfort and ease of
service.
Split A.C is another type of this air conditioning system. The split air
conditioning system as the name suggests is split into two parts- the indoor
unit and the outdoor unit.
It has advantage of zonal cooling and energy efficiency. It is easy and fast to
install, avoids the energy losses associated with ductwork, its noiseless in
comparison with window arc simple remote control monitors and maintains
the settings.
Unlike window A.C only 3” hole is required for its installation. It does not
require the external wall to hang; it can be suspended from the ceiling or
mounted on any wall or floor mounted. The unit is sleeker than windowA.C.
And its running cost is less in comparison to window A.C.
CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONING
Central air conditioners circulate cool air through a system of supply and
return ducts. Supply ducts are openings in the walls, floors, or ceilings
covered by grills, which carry cool air from the air conditioner to the main
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area that is the showroom.
A central air conditioner may either be a split system unit or a packed unit. In
central plant system, the complete unit is installed at the place and the
conditioned air is distributed through ducts.
1. The most energy-efficient domestic air conditioners on the market today are
evaporative air conditioners. They are ideally suited to the Victorian climate
as the run efficiently in dry climates.
2. The Energy Rating scheme rates the energy efficiency of electrical products
and appliances to help you with your purchasing choices.
3. The star ratings of all labelled products and appliances are also available on
the energy rating website.
Solar air conditioners
1. Solar air conditioner models in development now mostly use evacuated solar
thermal tubes, like the ones used in many solar hot water systems.
2. These systems would just hum along on solar energy. And the hotter it is, the
better they work.
3. One of the most promising systems uses evaporation. The system uses a
desiccant to remove humidity from the air, which is then re-humidified using
wet pads so the air delivered to the building is both cool and not too humid.
4. The desiccant is then solar-heated to remove the moisture it has collected, so
it's ready to work again. These systems are very far down the track in terms of
technical development and will probably be among the first to be
commercialised for domestic use.
5. They're efficient, robust and easy to maintain. A slight downside with
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desiccant-evaporative systems, however, is that they use a fair amount of
water: CSIRO has estimated 30-50 litres on a hot day for a residential system
(that's about as much as a four-minute shower with a low-flow showerhead).
HVAC system must be properly designed, sized and installed. A proper
HVAC system will provide an improved indoor environment and minimize
the cost of operation.
When considering a HVAC system for a residence, remember that energy
efficient and passive solar homes have less demand for heating and cooling.
Substantial savings may be obtained by installing smaller units that are
properly sized to meet the load. Because energy bills in more efficient homes
are lower, higher efficiency systems will not provide as much annual savings
on energy bills and may not be as cost effective as in less efficient homes.
Not only does oversized equipment cost more, but also it can waste energy.
Oversized equipment may also decrease comfort.
For example, an oversized air conditioner cools a house but may not provide
adequate dehumidification. This cool, but clammy air creates an
uncomfortable environment.
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LIGHTING
LIGHTING HERE MEANS DAY LIGHTING THAT IS EFFICIENT FOR
SUSTAINABLE HOMES
Day lighting refers to the lighting of spaces using light from the sun. Light reaching
a particular point inside a building may consist of:
(1) Direct sunlight
(2) Diffused light or light from skylights
(3) Externally reflected light (by the ground or other buildings).
(4) Internally reflected light
From walls, ceiling and other internal surfaces. Louvers may be used to regulate the
amount of light entering the building and permit ventilation.
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SOLAR WATER HEATING & SOLAR ELECTRIC
.
Solar Hot Water Panels
Solar water heating (solar thermal) captures heat from the sun and uses it to
heat up water for use in the home.
Panels on the roof absorb heat from the sun, the water in the panels heats up
and this hot water is pumped through a coil in your cylinder which transfers
the heat to the water in the cylinder
Optimum position of solar panels is facing due south although they are
effective facing anywhere between south east and south west.
Typically best performance is at an angle between 20 and 50 degrees from
horizontal (most pitched roofs fall within this bracket).
Solar panels are compatible with most existing hot water systems.
The Energy Savings Trust says solar panels will ‘provide about a third of your hot water needs’.
SOLAR ELECTRIC PV – PHOTOVOLTAIC
It is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into
direct current electricity using semi-conductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
These can be efficiently integrated in buildings, conversion efficiencies are (6-18)
%, has long life time and high reliability
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Sunlight is all you need to get electricity from the panels.
PASSIVE SOLAR PANELS
Passive solar design is the back-to-basics approach to building an ecohome. It
is about building a home that adapts to the seasons, taking advantage of
natural heating and cooling like the sun, shade and breeze.
For a clean, cost-effective way to generate renewable electricity,
solar panels are the way to go
Solar Electric Panels
Solar Electric panels (Photovoltaic-PV) systems use cells integrated in
panels which can be ground or roof mounted.
They are made up of layers of semi-conducting material which convert solar
radiation into electricity. Grid connected systems can sell electricity they
don’t use to the grid, and import it from the grid when there is not enough
sunlight.
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A solar PV system should face between south east and south west, and be
free of shade.
They should be angled at 30 to 40 degrees for optimum performance.
Solar PV systems need virtually no maintenance and are estimated to last
40 years.
Typically a 1kWp system will generate an average of 850kWh of power
in the UK.
Most domestic systems are between 1.5 and 4 kWp.
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FIRE SAFETY
Fire is probably the most feared of all home accidents and potentially the
most devastating, threatening lives, products and the entire structure of
the building.
Some structures will, of course, burn more readily than others, you need
to take greater care in wood-frame, wood –clad building than a building
built of bricks and mortar.
There are fire retardant specifications for internal walls, doors, paints and
finishes which require that; for example, a door would take half an hour
to burn through
The building should be planed, designed and constructed to ensure fire
safety in accordance with national building code of India.
Separate circuit for water pumps, lifts, staircases and corridor lighting
and tower for pressurizing system shall be provided directly from the
main switch gear panel.
FIRE FIGHTING
1. Fire sprinklers have been stopping fire growth and minimizing greenhouse
and toxic gas production for over 130 years. However, they are presently not
given any credit in the USGBC's Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) certification program.
2. Fire in buildings contributes to the production of CO2 and potable water
consumption. While the impact of building fires are considered in the code
process, they are not addressed in the green process.
3. Buildings that do not have automatic fire protection can be expected to
generate a greater volume of burned materials, which will eventually be
thrown into landfills.
4. Automatic fire protection can have a positive impact on the environment.
The positive impact can be measured in the avoidance of future negative
effects. Just as fire protection can mitigate the effects to local economies
after an unwanted fire, fire protection can also positively affect the
environment and assist in energy conservation
FIRE SPRINKLERS AND LEED
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Portions of the LEED certification process address the impacts of "material
& resources" - such as re-use, recycled content and use of regional materials.
However, mechanical, electrical and plumbing components are specifically
excluded. Therefore, fire protection system components are exempt from
LEED point calculations for materials being used in the project.
Many materials used in the sprinkler industry (e.g., pipe, hangers, fire
sprinklers, valves, etc.) are made using recycled materials. CPVC is
recyclable.
There is some precedent for using the "innovation in design" section of the
LEED checklist to obtain one credit by using fire sprinklers.
FIRE PUMPS
There is a potential environmental impact of testing of diesel fire pumps and
the energy use of electric fire pumps during tests.
Many large building projects will use fire sprinklers and the associated
equipment needed for a properly operating system. Many projects where a
point might be available for automatic fire protection could be smaller
projects that would not require a fire pump.
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While diesel fire pumps have an associated environmental impact, they
could reduce the number of fire apparatus responding and operating at
unwanted, uncontrolled fires in structures. Electrical fire pumps do not emit
exhaust.
WARNING ALARMS
Early detection and warning of an outbreak are essential to prevent or reduce
loss of life and damages properties.
Many buildings require automatic electric fire alarm systems and detectors
which are linked together and fixed in suitable position which are activated
by the effects of heat, smoke or combustion gas, to operate as electrical
circuit giving an alarm by the ringing of bells inside the building,
transmitting the signal to the local fire brigade and starting the sprinkler
systems or fire extinguishers.
The smoke detection and sprinkler systems are the equipment’s which any
showroom a hold considers installing. There are battery operated smoke
alarms, now available at very moderate prices, which beep when smoke
enters the mechanism; these should also warn you automatically when
batteries are running low. They can be easily fixed to walls or ceilings at
strategic points.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
There are several types’ soft fire extinguishers available at the market and
each is designed to tackle a specific job. Some of the most common types
are:
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Water extinguishers: These extinguishers deliver water under pressure and
they are effective on ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, paper or
cloth. These are not suitable for fires involving flammable liquids or live
electrical apparatus.
Foam extinguishers and dry powder extinguisher: These deal effectively
with flammable liquids (spirits) but are very messy.
Carbon dioxide extinguishers, BCF or halo extinguishers spread gasses to
smother a small fire. They are useful for electrical fires because there gases
do not damage electrical equipment, but they have to be used carefully
because they are either toxic or asphyxiates.
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CHAPTER 3
CASE STUDY
N85 HOUSE
ATAM KUMAR RESIDENCE
B99 HOUSE
136
CASE STUDY ON GREEN BUILDING
SPACE: 160M sq. COVERED AREA IN A PLOT OF 450 M Sq.
CLIENT: SUDHA AND ATAM KUMAR, DELHI, MEHRULI SUSTAINABLE HOME
CLIMATE: COMPOSITE
ARCHITECT: SANJAY PRAKASH.
137
INTRODUCTION & SITE SELECTION
Boundary wall on the south western corner of the plot allows ventilation during the summers
The site has a road to its south and west.
The longer side of the plot faced south. The road on the south is
the wider one, reducing possibilities of shadows from the south in
the future.
Mr. Atam Kumar’s residence in Delhi is an example of an
economically viable method to build a house that consumes less
energy.
Mr. Atam Kumar, a solar energy device manufacturer and
consultant, was also the energy consultant of the house. This is a
three bedroom house with an outhouse. The office and servant‘s
unit are located in the outhouse.
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Location, Orientation & Climate
Comfort levels are maintained throughout the year without using much electricity
Creepers on the southern
boundary wall of the plot
allow A tree planted on the western side around the
time of construction of the house
now provides shade.
Creepers on the boundary
wall and seasonal
trees outside it can be used to
control light, ventilation and privacy in the lawn.
The outhouse on the north-eastern corner of the plot contains an office
space and the servant’s quarters. Windows on the
eastern wall provide diffused
light without much glare.
The house is
designed as a duplex to reduce the
environmental foot-print. All living areas open to the southern side, a large portion of which is glazed to allow natural light
and heat.
The house was oriented south in
the sense that every habitable
room has a liberal south
exposure
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The stairwell can be seen with
sunlight entering the house
The southern side gets abundant
sunlight during the winters the
windows are designed such that
maximum solar heat can be
captured in the winters
Outhouse located
on the north-
eastern corner
allows natural light
into the building
from the east.
Trees on the western
and south-western
sides of the building
provide shade thus
reducing energy
consumed in cooling
the house
140
The western wall is
shaded and devoid of
openings to minimise
heat gain
Windows on the northern
side are designed to
provide optimum light to
service and storage areas
Openings on the northern
side are lesser in size to
cut down on heat gain in
the summers and reduce
loss of heat in the winters.
High openings
provide ambient
light throughout
the day to the
dressing areas on
the eastern side.
It controls light light,
providing relief and
shade
141
Windows are provided with
indented lintel, sill and
jamb to make space for the
curtains
Windows on the south side are
designed such that when the two
layers of curtains are drawn, an air
gap is formed between the curtains
and the glass which insulates the
building.
All windows have an
indented lintel, sill and
jambs creating space
for hanging the
curtains while at the
same time ensuring
that when the curtains
are drawn they fall in a
way that creates a
reasonably dead air
gap between the
curtain and the glass,
improving the
insulation characteristics.
The roofs are finished in
white terrazzo finish, which
reflects sunlight.
A three inch thick layer of
asbestos powder insulates
the roof from solar heat
gain.
The ventilation
shafts are covered
with a fibre-glass
142
Windows at varying
heights on the eastern
side provide light inside
without
Much glare
Ambient light is
available in most of the
spaces all through the
year
A pair of desert coolers in the
stair-well blow cool air into the
house during the summers.
Cool air from the desert coolers
in the stairwell falls down by
its own weight. It enters into
the living and bedrooms
through ventilation openings
above the doors. These can be
closed with shutters.
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Shutters above the
doors allow cool
air to flow into the
bedrooms and
living room even if
the doors are
closed
Cool air from the desert
coolers in the stairwell
falls down by its own
weight.
It enters into the living
and bedrooms through
ventilation openings
above the doors. These
can be closed with
shutters.
Vents on the corners of
all the living areas are
connected to south
facing, thin-walled and
dark coloured solar
chimneys that induce
ventilation during the
summers. These vents
can be closed in the
winters with shutters.
CFL’s have been used
throughout the house.
Good thermal insulation
of the building reduces
the use of the air-
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Air conditioners have
been fitted after the
house was 14 years old
and are
Used for not more than
two weeks a year
All living spaces
are on the
southern side and
get adequate
natural light
throughout the
year.
The living room
has subdued
natural light when
the curtains are
drawn. This
reduces heat gain.
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A 200 litre-per-day
solar water heater
meets the daily hot
water requirements of
the house.
Solar water heater
placed on terrace
Solar cookers in the kitchen
reduce usage of conventional
fuel for cooking
This insulated hot water tank
collects the solar heated water,
which is then available to all
the toilets and kitchen
The back view of the house with all the window panes and kitchen
with ventilation and hot water tank.
146
Flowers in the soak pit area on the south eastern corner of the house
Rain-water from the
site and nearby areas is
harvested into the
ground through water
harvesting trenches
located immediately
outside the boundary
walls on the northern
and southern sides.
Two pits in the garden can
ensure the compositing of
kitchen wastes.
The kitchen in turn is
provided with ample space
below the counters to ensure
separation of paper, organics
and other waste and recycling
of the first two types
Grey water from the
kitchen and toilets,
which has soap content
in it, is used to irrigate
the flowers grown in the
soak pit. As no soapy
water enters the septic
tank, it has not required
any maintenance for the
15 years that the
building has been used
so far The house is fitted with flush
valve
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Flowers in the soak pit area on the south eastern corner of the house
Rain-water from the
site and nearby areas is
harvested into the
ground through water
harvesting trenches
located immediately
outside the boundary
walls on the northern
and southern sides.
Two pits in the garden can
ensure the compositing of
kitchen wastes.
The kitchen in turn is
provided with ample space
below the counters to ensure
separation of paper, organics
and other waste and recycling
of the first two types
Grey water from the
kitchen and toilets,
which has soap content
in it, is used to irrigate
the flowers grown in the
soak pit. As no soapy
water enters the septic
tank, it has not required
any maintenance for the
15 years that the
building has been used
so far The house is fitted with flush
valve
148
CASE STUDY ON GREEN BUILDING
Screen on the western wall of the plot will be removed as soon as the newly planted creepers
are high enough
The running loads of the house work out is 400W,including fans,lights,refrigerator and a water circulation pump for the cooling towers
There is no electricity for space heating and cooling nor for water heating
If heavy appliance as electric iron,washing machine etc are used the house can run to 2000W.
Creepers have been planted outside the boundary wall on
the western side of the plot. The ‘living’ boundary wall
shades the plot while providing for ventilation and privacy
at the same time.
149
CLIMATE: HUMID SPACE: 15,594 SQ FT
N85 HOUSE ( GREEN INTERIOR) Morphogenesis N-85B Panchsheel Park New Delhi - 110017 India
ARCHITECT FIRM: MORPHOGENESIS
Stone, wood and concrete are
the material those are applied
on this house.
The house’s transparencies are
created by the application of
glass material, and also the
blending of water, reflection,
and modulated lighting
More of fenestration in the
building and green space
beside.
UPVC windows placed at the
house
150
The house is design with
environmental design base in
order to achieve a network of
green and open spaces
The house is largely built with
conventional Indian building
methods: a concrete frame with
brick infill on the south and
west.
To exploit views and light
on the north and east, the
house has used slender steel
columns with floor-to-
ceiling glass fenestration.
The house has patterns and
repetition, transparency,
opacity, connection, lovely
light and great texture
Wooden frames used in the
outside space with window of
timber and simple gypsum
ceiling
151
Low-e glass, high
thermal mass on the west
side, a double barrel
vaulted roof that lets
light in and also insulates
the house, and thermal
buffers such as trees in
front of windows for
shade add up to
drastically lower than
usual air-conditioning
loads
Exterior surfaces are finished with handcrafted limestone and wood. Low-e glass, high thermal mass on the west side, a double barrel vaulted roof that lets light in and also insulates the house, and thermal buffers such as trees in front of windows for shade add up to drastically lower than usual air-conditioning loads.
The forecourt with pools, large picture windows, circular
skylights lining the ceiling, an interior garden below, and a lap
pool fed by harvested rain water are just a glimpse of the elegance of the massive house
The house’s transparencies are created by the application of glass material, and also the blending of water, reflection, and modulated lighting
152
A lap pool fed by harvested
rain water is just a glimpse of
the elegance of the massive
house
The forecourt is
landscaped with
gracious steps and
pools.
Crisp clear planes are
articulated with
materials: stone,
wood, concrete
which are simply
striated or set in
interlocking patterns.
One navigates the
complex program of the
house through a series
of spatial episodes that
are expressed via
volumes.
The circular forms are
design plus for air
circulation too
153
Less use of paints in walls
and indoor pool provided.
Furniture from timber and
oak.
Hard wood flooring been
used.
Wooden frames used from
partition to panelling of
the room.
Stone, wood, concrete,
glass, water (a lap pool fed
by harvested rain water
runs the length of the
terrace on the second
floor), lighting, and nature
are all part of the
interlocking patterns that
make up the whole. The
outdoor patio and green
space helps create that
sense of place .
The courtyard concept has
been radically re-interpreted
and along with landscape,
earth, daylight simulators and
carbon-dioxide sensors.
Glass panels, water, reflection,
and modulated lighting: all join
forces to offer transparency to
the fabulous house
154
Residing in between all the
green space it carries a
purifying environment with
Eucalyptus trees
The result was as expected: a
spacious, all-equipped
residence, with plenty of green
spaces and areas for relaxation
and entertainment
Day lighting from the open
space in between the courtyard
155
The house is imagined as a
porous object whereby air
movement and visual
connectivity permeate into the
built form. The planning,
orientation, structure and
materiality of the house
respond to the essential passive
energy efficient techniques.
It incorporates high
thermal mass in the west,
earth damping for the
basement studios,
landscape buffers on the
south, and high
performance surfaces on
the east and a large cavity
on the barrel roof as well
as the lap pool which
helps with heat absorption
on the top terraces.
CFL lights
used and
wooden
ceiling
constructed.
Bringing the
outdoors
indoors with
a lot of
greenery,
natural light,
and a Zen
garden feel.
SPLIT A.C
used at times
The building plan showing the passive cooling and passive
lighting that has made the space eco-friendly with sustainable for
the living ones.
156
Lightings used from
handmade papers that are
eco-friendly with cfl lights
for a glimpse
Green spaces are more all
with the space and beside the
bedroom
157
The interior of living room on the second floor has printed upholstery on
sofa of oak, and table addressing with timber.
Floors in wooden and simple painted walls with eco-friendly paint.
Wooden panelling in most areas to cover the space with warm effect.
The living room has large
windows for light and
furniture’s in wood.
Accessories can be seen
in mild form from
wooden sculptures.
Balcony in front provides
view and greenery all
around.
158
Ceiling fan in use at the upper
most floors.
Marble at floor and glass
railing. Glass fenestration
To capture light.
Ceiling is also dotted with
circular skylights, which track
the sun’s movement at different
times of the day and focus the
beam on an internal garden so
that it gets sun naturally.
159
Spiral staircase with steel and wooden stirs and railing being eco-
friendly and helpful for the old ones and children in home
Wooden panelling with stairs in steel railing and marble stairs.
160
Manit and Sonali Rastogi's three-level house is nestled among palm and
bamboo trees. Making use of the surrounding greenery was important to
Mr. Rastogi’s, who specializes in environment-friendly design.
The building, which has a facade of limestone and Ipe wood. The floor
to ceiling glass. It creates the indoor/outdoor connectivity
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The terrace holds
with a rooftop
swimming pool
Which attracts a wide
range of wildlife —
parrots, peacocks,
monkeys and bats.
Wooden finishes
floor can be seen.
Large glass at
windows
The horizontal
slats add warmth
to what is a pretty
modern structure.
The green space
covering from
tress to garden
and on flooring
too. The balcony
of wooden frames
and glass captures
the green space
also into it.
The entrance with all
coloumns with
wooden finish and
greenery beside.
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PLOT AREA: 350 Sq.mt GROUND COVERAGE: 60% TOTAL BUILT UP: 6500 SQ.FT SPACE: 40’x92’
CASE STUDY ON GREEN BUILDING
B99 HOUSE. DLF City Phase IV SUSHANT LOK 1 GURGAON, HARYANA INDIA CLIMATE: HUMID
ARCHITECT: Design and Development Atelier (DADA)
163
A south-facing courtyard forms
the centre of the house which is
overlooked by living and
bedroom areas on the ground
and first floors.
Spread over 350 Sq.mt. plot
of land n99 house creates an
amazing live space with all
its green form together.
Ground and first floors are predominantly masonry while the
second storey is lighter mainly clad in timber
164
Courtyards have been an
inherent design feature of
Indian architecture serving as
a climate modifier, a social
gathering space and are
referred to as ‘Brahmas
Thana’ (sacred center) of a
house
Adjacent to courtyard is
a steel staircase
connecting the upper
floors. On the ground
and first floor rooms at
front and rear are
connected by a bridge
that run across the
courtyard
The courtyard that forms
center of the house faces
south and is overlooked by
living and bed room areas
on the ground and first
floors
Eco friendly paints in use.
Wooden flooring used.
View of courtyard from
bedroom.
165
A ’series of inter-
connected voids’
facilitate natural
ventilation generated
during summers through
the stack effect
Aluminium, metals used
for construction and
binding materials in the
building.
These louvers
make an elegant
veiled box
hovering over the
virtually
transparent ground
floor corner that
opens to the front
with views to the
water body.
Also adding to the
drama is the ‘V’
shaped steel
column that
supports this
corner reinforcing
the impression of
weightlessness
166
Stainless steel is also a sustainable
material in the environmental
sense of the word; it’s normally
made with 60% recycled content,
which provides savings in the
form of lower energy costs and
reduced carbon dioxide within the
manufacturing process.
Wooden
flooring lay.
And eco-
friendly paints
in use.
The west wall
of the study,
overlooking
the street,
faces the fierce
afternoon
western sun,
which
prompted the
architects to
use motorized
louvers that
could be
adjusted to
block off the
undesired
glare into the
room
South facing solar collectors
has been installed to heat water
for use in bathrooms and
kitchens which has reduced
electric costs significantly as
the system does not involve
any electric geysers
This corner houses a
study cum library on the
first floor. The slit
window to this room-
referred to as the ‘eye’ of
the house- faces south.
167
The bedrooms and
toilets are in the rear
along the north south
axis while the drawing,
living and kitchen areas
are grouped together in
the front arranged along
a linear east-west axis
forming the spine of the
house.
Timber panelling on
wall keeps air quality
better and cools the
space.
Furniture’s laid are
from wood and
combination to the
space is done with
every material
sustainable in
nature.
Sustainable rugs
laid and floor in
hard wood
Large window
openings allow
abundant natural
light inside the
spaces reducing the
use of artificial light
sources during the
day.
168
Timber and aluminium
are some of the
recyclable materials used
that add towards
sustainability
The unique
architectura
l move was
to highlight
the
southwest
corner of
the house
that forms
the carport
and the
main
entrance.
There are a
series of
smaller courts/
voids
punctuated on
all levels
bringing in
light and
ventilation to
the spaces and
serving as
lungs of the
house and
simultaneously
providing
views out from
every room
These
louvers
make an
elegant
veiled box
hovering
over the
virtually
transparent
ground
floor
corner that
opens to
the front
with views
to the water
body.
The
architectural
design, with
series of inter-
connected
voids,
facilitates
natural
ventilation
generated
during
summers by
using stack
effect, thus
resulting in
cooler spaces.
169
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
Environmental
design plays an
integral role in
achieving a network
of green and open
spaces. The
planning,
orientation, structure
and materiality of
the house respond to
the essential passive
energy efficient
techniques suitable
to the Delhi climate.
There is an entire
eco-system living
and growing in the
heart of the house.
The house is
imagined as a porous
object whereby air
movement and
visual connectivity
permeate into the
built form
It incorporates high thermal mass in the
west, earth damping for the basement
studios, landscape buffers on the south,
and high performance surfaces on the
east and a large cavity on the barrel roof
as well as the lap pool which helps with
heat absorption on the top terraces.
The courtyard concept has been
radically re-interpreted and along with
landscape, earth, daylight simulators
and carbon-dioxide sensors.
170
After I have gone through my dissertation and studying every information
regarding green building and green interior I sum up my dissertation by getting
the knowledge of how a building can be kept safe and environmentally free using
materials from nature .
To sum up, green buildings not only contribute towards a sustainable construction
and environment but it also brings lots of benefits and advantages to building
owners and users. Lower development costs, lower operating costs, increased
comforts, healthier indoor environment quality, and enhanced durability and less
maintenance costs are hallmarks of a typical green building.
Fine tuning your energy-conscious interior design will take some effort, but it
will allow you to reduce energy consumption without losing design quality.
Here is a list of additional energy conservation measures that are possible
through appropriate interior design:
1. Covering walls with fabric gathered on a rod top and bottom (be sure to
flame-proof the fabric).
2. Using closets as buffers on north or west walls.
3. Adding a heat lamp to a bathroom, to take the chill off on cold mornings.
4. Using thermal wallpaper to insulate, foil wallpaper to reflect heat back into
the interior.
5. Using filled bookcases on outside, non-mass walls to act as insulation.
6. Using large decorative area rugs, tapestries or fabric wall hangings on
outside, non-mass walls to add insulation.
7. Using carpet and a good pad to reduce heat transfer through floors, in
addition to keeping bare feet warm.
8. Using a reversible ceiling fan to pull the air up in the winter to circulate the
warm ceiling-level air without any draft on the occupant (particularly those
fans placed directly over a seating area). Then reverse it for summer so the
air flows across an occupant, cooling by evaporation.
Here is a list of products and where to find them to help conserve energy:
i. Movable insulation: designed to cover and insulate windows on the
interior; can be found at fabric stores, energy stores, drapery shops and
some lumber yards.
ii. Mini-blinds: used to reflect sunlight and focus daylight; can be found in
most department or drapery stores.
iii. Insulated decorative ceiling tiles: added to the ceilings as insulation; can be
found in lumber yards and energy stores.
iv. Thermal wallpaper: used to add insulation to outside walls; can be found in
energy stores, lumber yards and some wallpaper stores.
171
v. Vinyl wallpaper: used as a vapor barrier on outside walls; found in
wallpaper stores.
vi. Patterned and dyed concrete floors: used as a thermal mass, cheaper than
tile floor and aesthetically pleasing; inquire of local contractors.
vii. Area rugs: used on north walls to insulate, in buffer areas to insulate or add
psychological warmth; can be found in department and carpet stores.
viii. Quarry tile, ceramic tile, brick veneer or paving brick: used as a decorative
treatment and additional mass over the thermal mass floor or wall; can be
found at building supply firms and some lumber yards. Fluorescent lighting
fixtures: used to replace some incandescent fixtures, especially in
bathrooms, kitchens and utility rooms; can be found in electrical and
lighting supply stores. Pictured above in an outdoor lighting fixture with