Green Hydrogen for the Future Sustainable Growth of Human Beings Kenichiro OTA Green Hydrogen Research Center Yokohama National University, JAPAN CCUS and H2 International Conf.、Feb. 20th, 2020, Belle Salle Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan ◆ Global Warming, Carbon Cycle vs. Water Cycle ◆ Green Hydrogen Energy System ◆ Water Electrolysis ◆ Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
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Green Hydrogen for the Future Sustainable
Growth of Human Beings
Kenichiro OTA
Green Hydrogen Research Center
Yokohama National University, JAPAN
CCUS and H2 International Conf.、Feb. 20th, 2020,
Belle Salle Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
◆Global Warming, Carbon Cycle vs. Water Cycle
◆Green Hydrogen Energy System
◆Water Electrolysis
◆Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Green Hydrogen Research Center, Y.N.U.
4.5oC
2.0oC
1.5oC
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
-1.0
700 1000 1500
Year
21001900
Temp. Increase/℃
(by IPCC 4th Report(2007)
Rapid Global Warming on the Earth
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNU
Solar energy
Low entropy
Heat radiation to the space
Disposal of produced entropy
Resources for
the human society
Human society
Global environment
Entropy production by the activity
of the mankind
Entropy production by the activity
of the global environment
Wastes from the
human society
Materials circulation
Q: 1.2x1014kW
ΔS=4.7 x 1011 kJ/K・s
The earth is a closed system.
Global entropy flow for sustainable growth
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNUCarbon cycle on the earth
Sin
kin
g
flow
Atmposphere750 (360ppm CO2) (Annual increase 3.2)
Land
Vegetation 610
Soils and detritus 1580
Ocean surface 1020
Marine biota
3
Intermediate and
deep ocean
38100
Surface sediment
150
Cha
ng
ing la
nd-u
se1.6
0.5
Respira
tion
decom
positio
n
60
Photo
synth
esis
61.4
5.5
Em
issio
n
from
the s
ea
surfa
ce
90
Absorp
tion
to th
e s
ea
surfa
ce
92
6
Remains
Excrement
4
60.2
Upw
ellin
g
flow
100 91.6
□ : Carbon storage quantity. Gt Carbon
→ : Movement. Gt Carbon/year
Human activity
Fossil fuels
12000
Resp
iratio
n
deco
mp
ositio
n
50
Photo
-
synth
esis
40
Dissolved
organic carbon
700
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNU
□ ; Water storage quantity. Tt water
→ ; Movement. Tt water/year
Land
Vegetation.
Snow, ice 43,400
Surface water 360
Groundwater 15,300
Marine 1,400,000
Rain
fall
110.4
Reduced water
43.8
Marine atmosphere 11Land atmosphere 4.5Vapor transport
43.8
Evapora
tion 66.6 453.4
Rain
fall
409.6
Evapora
tion
Water cycle on the earth
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNU
Solar Energy
Low Entropy
Disposal of Entropy
To Universe
Human Society
Earth
Entropy Production by Human Activity
Natural Entropy ProductionH2O→H2+1/2O2
H2+1/2O2 → H2O
Water Circulation
H2 H2O Heat
Hydrogen Economy and Water Circulation
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNU
carbon water
Total amount 54Tt 1,460,000Tt
Atmosphere abundance 750Gt 15.5Tt
Annual movement from atmosphere
152Gt/yr 496Tt/yr
Average retention period in atmosphere
5 yaer 10 day
27000 Times
21Times
3160 Times
Comparison between water cycle and carbon cycle
180 Times
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNU
Earth Japan
Natural Carbon Cycle 150Gt/y 0.37Gt/y
Carbon (CO2) Emission
by Energy Consumption
5.5Gt/y 0.32Gt/y
EIF of Carbon 0.036 0.86
Environmental Impact Factor of Carbon
Carbon (CO2) Emission by Energy Consumption
/ Natural Carbon Circulation
EIF (Environmental Impact Factor) of Carbon
D.S.Shimel; Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle, global change biology(1995)
Green Hydrogen Research Center, YNUEIF of H2 Energy
= (H2O through H2 Energy System) / (Natural Water Vaporization)
Earth Japan
Annual
Vaporizaiton
5×1014t /y 2.3×1011t/y
H2O through H2
Energy System
5×1010 t/y 1.4×109t/y
EIF of H2 ~0.0001 0.006
EIF (Environmental Impact Factor of Hydrogen
Green Hydrogen Research Center, Y.N.U.
Dependence of EIF on Consumption Density (2004-2013)