Green Computing: The Environmental Impact of Desktop Computing Catherine Steeves Associate Chief Librarian, ITS Gillian Maurice Sustainability Coordinator.

Green Computing: The Green Computing: The Environmental Impact of Environmental Impact of Desktop ComputingDesktop Computing

Catherine SteevesAssociate Chief Librarian, ITS

Gillian MauriceSustainability Coordinator

University of Guelph

Presentation to OLA – February 1, 2007

What is What is Green ComputingGreen Computing??

The positive (or least negative) relationship between the physical computer and its impact to the environments in which it moves through from cradle to grave

Green Computing – Why?Green Computing – Why?

Growing public environmental awareness

Increasing impacts on environmental and human health

Corporate social responsibility

Cradle to Grave ApproachCradle to Grave Approach

Full life-cycle analysis, not just the product on our desks

Looks at:ManufacturingUse during lifetimeDisposal and reallocation

Manufacturing – Fossil FuelsManufacturing – Fossil Fuels

Average desktop computer with monitor requires 10 times its weight in chemicals and fossil fuels to produce

240 kg of fossil fuel for CRT monitor (United Nations University)

266 kg of fossil fuel for LCD monitor (Williams, 2003)

ManufacturingManufacturing –– Monitors Monitors

CRT – lead and zinc leachate mean monitors are hazardous waste (Lee et al., 2004) Lead: bioavailable in soil - can attack proteins

and DNA, as well as interfere with nervous system function (Bechara, 2004; Needleman, 2004)

LCD – 4-12 mg mercury /unit (Williams, 2003)

Liquid crystals – polycyclic or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, 588 different compounds 4% have potential for acute toxicity, but show no

mutagenic effects in bacteria tests (Williams, 2003)

Manufacturing – Other ToxinsManufacturing – Other Toxins

PBDE – similar structures to PCB and DDT Bioavailable, environmentally persistent,

biomagnifies in blood, fatty and liver tissue (Domingo, 2004)

Extraction impacts – refining of petroleum for energy and plastic, mining and smelting of metals

Solvents in microchip fabrication – hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, arsenic, benzene and hexavalent chromium (Williams, 2003)

Use Use –– Environmental Impacts Environmental Impacts

Electricity consumption for desktops and peripherals120W CRT+CPU; more for older

machines

Ontario Ministry of Energy, 2005

Use Use –– Environmental Impacts Environmental Impacts

Fossil fuel power – Greenhouse gas emissions, mercury atmospheric pollution, SOX and NOX lead to acid rain and smog formation

Nuclear power – difficulties with long term management of radioactive wastes

Disposal – Electronic WasteDisposal – Electronic Waste

Short product life expectancy (2-4 years)

Same toxins in manufacturing process can cause environmental contamination

Human health risks Lead, barium, chromium, CNS

disruptors etc. (Baul, 2002)

Human rights problems – “Exporting harm”

E-waste Impacts in ChinaE-waste Impacts in China

Photos Courtesy of Basel Action Network

Manufacturing Manufacturing –– Good News Good News

Greener technology PBDE-free plastic lead-free soldering fewer toxic solvents Plastics labelled with recycling

codesLess material used

Independent certification bodies e.g. TCO, Nordic Swan, EU Eco-label

Use Use – – Good NewsGood News

New technology often more energy efficient Laptop 15W total LCD system: 80W total CRT system: down to 120W from 270W

Independent certification bodies e.g., TCO, Nordic Swan, EU Eco-label

Energy saver features are now standard

Waste Waste –– Good News Good News

RecyclingMetal recoverySemi-precious metal recovery

Stewardship pledge (Basel Action Network)

University of Guelph CampusUniversity of Guelph Campus

110,000,000 kWh of electricity 4,700 homes 9.2 million dollars 32,800 tonnes of carbon dioxide

per year, or over 7,000 cars (in one year)

Breaking Down ElectricityBreaking Down Electricity

50% mechanical 35% lighting 15% plug-load

Where can we find efficiencies?

15% = $1.38 million, 4,900 GHG, 1200 cars

Finding EfficienciesFinding Efficiencies

Sustainability Office commissioned study to look at environmental impacts of computers on campus

Report released: Environmental Impact of Computer Information Technology in an Institutional Setting: A Case Study at the University of Guelph

President asked the CIO to strike a task force

Green Computing Task ForceGreen Computing Task Force Terms of Reference

● Identify green computing best practices

● Examine computing procurement guidelines

● Identify energy conservation strategies and practices

● Identify equipment disposal procedures

● Recommend a campus awareness program

Task Force Members:Task Force Members:

Aiden Abram, Student Representative to ISC

Gillian Maurice, Sustainability Coordinator, Physical Resources

Blair Nonnecke, Associate Professor, Computing and Information Science

Catherine Steeves, Chair, Associate Chief Librarian for Information Technology Services

Dale Stevanus, Manager, Purchasing Services

Jeff Walker, Systems Support Manager, Library

University of GuelphUniversity of GuelphPolicy on Environmental ProtectionPolicy on Environmental Protection

Acknowledges a responsibility for and a commitment to protection of the environment on a continuous improvement basis

Promotes and supports environmental management policies and environmentally responsible practices at every level and every department

Is committed to minimizing environmental impacts arising from the university’s activities

University of Guelph - Environmental Health and Safety’s Policy on Health and Safety 851.01.01

Best Practices Best Practices – – PolicyPolicy

Northland College Sustainability Mission Statement

Sustainable Development Policy for the Association of Canadian Community Colleges

International Institute for Sustainable Development Sustainable Campus Policy Bank

Recommendation – Recommendation – Campus PolicyCampus Policy

Although beyond the scope of this task group, it is recommended that the University revisit its policies and consider the creation of an institutional environmental mandate to build a strong foundation for green policies, initiatives and program

Current Context Current Context – –

Computer ProcurementComputer Procurement

Typical computer procurement selection criteria : functionality and specifications required

by the user commercial aspects that offer best value

(best combination of functionality, price, service and other desired criteria)

compatibility with existing equipment and use

Best Practices Best Practices –– Computer Computer ProcurementProcurement

Trent University’s Environmental Procurement Policy

McMaster University’s Responsible Purchasing Statement/Commitment to Safety and the Environment

Recommendations Recommendations – –

Computer Procurement Computer Procurement

Purchasing Services develop a green purchasing policy for computers Companies which manufacture and

operate in environmentally sensitive ways

Manufacture to electrical efficiency standards

R&D to improve products’ environmental impact

Best Practice - DisposalBest Practice - Disposal

Current UG e-waste disposal program represents a best practice

E-waste is divided into two separate streams, CRT monitors and all other electronic equipment

● General e-waste is sent to Production Works where it is dismantled and redistributed to scrap companies and recyclers

● CRT monitors sent to an environment friendly Toronto-based company

Recommendations Recommendations –– Disposal Disposal

Maintain current program, plus:

Obtain suitable space for storage of e-waste and monitors

Develop and implement methodology for tracking tonnage diverted from landfill

Formalize reuse and reallocation procedures and policies

Current Context Current Context – – Guelph Guelph Environmental AwarenessEnvironmental Awareness

Sustainability at U of G Website

Person to person workgroup presentations

Student to student presentations

Enviro Rep in-residence program

Tips and tools promotional materials

Campus media outlets

Recommendations Recommendations –– Awareness Awareness Campus Awareness Program

Survey to gauge awareness of energy reduction and waste reduction practices and identify barriers to participation

Campaign development offering incentives and long-term behaviour modification strategies

Measure success and publicize success

Best Best PracticesPractices – –

Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation

Implementing power management options on machines

Reducing the overall “on” time of the system as a whole

Reducing the overall “on” time of the monitor in particular

Energy Conservation Energy Conservation StrategiesStrategies Survey current computer power

management policies and practices across campus

Coordinate participation of IT personnel in an energy reduction plan

Develop configuration standards, with IT personnel, to reduce energy consumption of computers

Conclusion: From Cradle to Conclusion: From Cradle to GraveGrave

Top 3 priorities for Guelph:Energy conservation strategyCampus awarenessProcurement guidelines

What can your library do?

For More Information…For More Information…

Environmental Impact of Computer Information Technology in an Institutional Setting: A Case Study at the University of Guelph

Report of the Green Computing Task Group Campus Computing and the Environment

Sustainability at U of G

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility Resources on Computers and the Environment

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing-Electronics US Environmental Protection Agency

Electronics Product Stewardship Canada

Contact us:Contact us:

Gillian MauriceGillian MauriceSustainability Coordinator

[email protected]

Catherine SteevesCatherine SteevesAssociate Chief Librarian, ITS

[email protected]