Green cloud computing

1

CLOUDCOMPUTINGGREE

N

- SHREYAS KHARE

04/10/20232

OUTLINE

Cloud Computin

g

Cloud Computing Impacts

Green Cloud

Performance&

Efficiency

Cloud Computin

g Architectu

re

Case Study

Conclusion

04/10/20233

“Cloud Computing is a paradigm in which information is

permanently stored in servers on the internet and cached

temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment

centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers,

hand-helds, sensors, monitors, etc.”

- 2008 IEEE paper

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3 Main Types or Personalities

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): A wide range of application services delivered via various business models normally available as public offering

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Application development platforms provides authoring and runtime environment

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Also known as elastic compute clouds, enable virtual hardware for various uses

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IaaS

Cloud Programming Environment and Tools: Web 2.0, Mashups, Concurrent and Distributed

Programming, WorkflowCloud Hosting Platforms: QoS Negotiation Admission Control, Pricing, SLA Management,

Monitoring

Cloud Physical Resources: Storage, virtualized clusters, servers, network.

Scientific Computing, Enterprise ISV, Social Networking, Gaming

Amazon EC2, GoGrid, RightScale, Jovent

Animoto, Sales Force, Google Document

User Applications

User-level and infrastructure level Platform

Google AppEngine, MapReduce, Aneka, Microsoft

Azure

Infrastructure

SaaS

PaaS

Cloud Economy

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Elastic

Market Oriented(Pay As You Go)

VirtualizedService Oriented

Dynamic&

Distributed

Shared(Economy of

Scale)

CloudComputing

• Gartner Report 2007: IT industry contributes 2% of world's total CO2 emissions

• U.S. EPA Report 2007: 1.5% of total U.S. power consumption used by data centers which has more than doubled since 2000 and costs $4.5 billion

Dark sideBenefits

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Computer Rm. AC 34%

Server/Storage 50%

Conversion 7%

Network 7%

Lighting 2%

Source: APC

Compute resources and particularly servers are at the heart of a complex, evolving system!

Where Does the Power Go?

Power Consumption in the Datacenter

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Clouds Impact on the Environment

Data centers are not only expensive to maintain, but also unfriendly to the environment. Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is

now more than both Argentina and the Netherlands emission.

High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are incurred due to the massive amount of electricity needed to power and cool the numerous servers hosted in these data centers.

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Green Cloud: “performance” “energy efficiency”

As energy costs are increasing, there is a need to shift focus from optimising data center resource management for pure performance alone to optimising for energy efficiency while maintaining high service level performance.

We propose Green Cloud computing model that achieves not only efficient processing and utilisation of computing infrastructure, but also minimise energy consumption.

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Green Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Infrastructure

Energy Monitor

Consumer Profiler

Accounting

Consumers(or their Brokers)

GreenService

Allocator

Power Off

Virtual Machines

(VMs)

Physical Machines

Power On Power On Power Off

Green Negotiator

PricingService

Analyzer

VM Manager

Service Scheduler

Consumer Interface

CloudInterface

Cloud ServiceProvider

Cloud ServiceProvider

Cloud ServiceProvider

QoS and energy-basedprovisioning

Broker

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Public Cloud B

PrivateCloud

End User

Carbon Emission Directory

Public Cloud A

a) Request a cloud service

d) Allocate service

e) Request service allocation

c) Request energy efficiency information

Green Offer Directory

b) Request any green offerRouters Internet

Green Broker

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Green Offer and Carbon Emission Directory

Carbon Emission Directory Contains data on Power Usage Effectiveness

(PUE), cooling efficiency, carbon footprint, network cost

Helps user to select cloud services with minimum carbon footprint

Require more carbon transparency from providers

Government role by enforcing policies such as Carbon Tax

Green Offer Directory Incentive for users

Choosing more carbon efficient hours Lists services with their discounted prices and

green hours

Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE)

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UCAD Data Center Campus Wide Backbone Area occupied : - 60 square meters Operates 24 hours a day Servers : - 500 watts each Green Data Center approach : - Racks Cloud Computing involves : -

1. Workload Diversification2. Power management flexibility

Low Power Processors in data centers : - Microsoft

Earth Rangers

Case Study of Senegal

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Rack Design

Horizontal Approach : - “Rack” Design

Peak Daily Energy : - 23 KW Normal Daily Usage : - 6.8 KW Cloud Scheme : - Two Full Racks

completely powered for 24/7 Area Required : - 1240 sq. feet

Solar PV Array

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Data Centers:

As of 2007, 14% of all ICT emission is caused by Data Centers

Roughly 50% of the emission due to data centers is due to power system losses and cooling loads

Rapid Growth in use of IPTV, VOIP, enterprise IT Use of both Corporate and Internet Data Centers.

Indian Scenario

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Conclusions

Clouds are essentially Data Centres hosting application services offered on a subscription basis. However, they consume high energy to maintain their operations. high operational cost + environmental impact

Presented a Carbon Aware Green Cloud Framework to improve the carbon footprint of Cloud computing

Open Issues: Lots of research to be carried out Maximizing Efficiency of Green Data Centers Developing Regions to benefit the most

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References Keynote Paper

• Green Cloud Computing and Environmental Sustainability - Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya.

Green Cloud Computing : Balancing Energy in Processing, Storage, and Transport By Jayant Baliga, Robert W. A. Ayre, Kerry Hinton, and Rodney S. Tucker

An Intelligent Cloud Computing Architecture Supporting e-Governance by Rajkumar Sharma and Priyesh Kanungo

PUE: The Green Grid metric for evaluating the energy efficiency in DC (Data Center). Measurement method using the Power Demand by Enrique laureguialzo

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