Greek I

Greek I

First and Second Person Personal Pronouns and auvto,j(Chapters 11 and 12)

Overview of this Lesson In this lesson we will learn:

the first (“I”) and second (“you”) person personal pronouns;

that a pronoun’s case is determined by its function in the sentence, just like a noun;

that a pronoun’s number is determined by its antecedent (what it stands for).

several more third declension patterns; the three different ways that auvto,j is used; that since auvto,j is a 2-1-2 adjective, we already

know all its forms.

English Grammar A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. A personal

pronoun replaces a noun referring to a person (e.g. I, he, she, we, etc.)

Pronouns have case, number, and person: The case is determined by the pronoun’s function

(subject, object, etc) in the sentence, just as with nouns.

The number is determined by the antecedent, or what the pronoun is replacing. If the antecedent is singular, the pronoun will be singular; if the antecedent is plural, the pronoun will be plural.

The person of the pronoun is also determined by its antecedent. It will either be first (I, we), second (you), or third person (he, she, it, they).

There is no gender for first and second person pronouns; the third person pronoun does have gender.

All of this is the same for Greek!

English Pronoun Forms

Greek Pronoun Forms

These pronouns follow the third declension. The beginnings reveal person (first or second), the endings reveal

case and number. You must know these well enough to recognize them in context. The forms in parentheses (adding epsilon and accent) are alternate

forms with the same basic meaning. These accented forms are called emphatic forms.

More Third Declension Patterns:Stems in Tau and Delta

Use square of stops to understand changes.

More Third Declension Patterns:Consonantal Iota Stems

See Mounce (p. 94) for a complete explanation here.

The main thing to remember is the stem of the word, with the ending alternating between iota and epsilon.

Also note that the nominative and accusative plural forms are the same, as with a neuter noun.

All nouns that end in consonantal iota are feminine.

auvto,j

Third Person Pronoun in English

Third Person Pronoun in Greek: auvto,j

Declined like a 2-1-2 adjective.

Three Distinct Uses of auvto,j Third person personal pronoun

Case is determined by function in the sentence, gender and number by antecedent.

When showing possession, usually follows the noun it modifies, e.g. pneu,mati auvtou/.

Adjectival intensive Translates as a reflexive pronoun, e.g., Auvto.j de. o` VIwa,nnhj “Now John himself” When functioning as an intensive, auvto,j is usually in

the nominative case and modifies the subject. Identical adjective

Translates as “same;” normally in the attributive position when used this way, but not always.

to.n auvto.n lo,gon “the same word”

For Next Week Study the vocab from both chapters

11 and 12. This is the only time this semester that we will cover 2 chapters of vocab on 1 quiz.

Do workbook exercises 11 and 12. Read the short chapter on

“Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives,” pp. 106-113.

We will meet next Wednesday as usual.