GREEK ATROCİTİES İN THE VİLAYET OF SMYRNA - MAY TO JULY 1919

8/2/2019 GREEK ATROCTES N THE VLAYET OF SMYRNA - MAY TO JULY 1919

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OTKK@ H^TMJL^LKZWLCH\K^ MG ZB\TEH

&BH\ ^M n[C\ 86> 6,

L@KNL^KN NMJ[BKE^Z H LN K\LNKEJK MG KEOCLZF HEN YTK_JF MGGLJKTZ"

&Gltz~ zktlkz,

Y{dclzfkn d| $^fk Yktbheke~ D{tkh{ mg ~ f k ^{t`lzf Jmeotkzzh~ Ch{zheek%


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d| ~fk hh`keleo mg ^{t`lzf lel~lh~lwk% L~ hz ~fk wke~leo mg~fk f k c y z thok mg ~fk bmemymclqktz hen {z{tktz# fmykckzzc|nulzymzzkzzkn m~ mg ~fklt me dkcmeoleoz# d{~ mg ~fklt hejlke~glkcnz mg jfkh~k>%

# %1 % ^fk Fkcckelj h{~fmtl~lkz l~f ~fk ytmgm{en kvyktlkejk#%bh~ jfhthj~ktlzkz ~fkb le ~fk myytkzzlme hen kv~ktbleh~lme" -

/mg ~ fk hcc{okekm{z ykmyckm fm fhwk ghccke le~m ~fklt jc{~jfkz##~"#&ldk'b#bbknlh~kc| n ~ k t ~fk mjj{yhBme# ~m y{~ le~m gmtjk/ % "%"hohle ~fklt gmtbkt loemdck z|z~kb fljf bk~ wl~f z{jf6! % Ck "%""/z{jjkzzle ~fk Bmtkh# le ^fkzzhc|# le Qyltk# %leJtk~k hen b""w ;"" %%% " /!jkh~c| hczm ae Bhjknmelh L~ jmezlz~z gltz~ mg n c le ym{tleo h# / %## ###01gcmmn mg ytmgkzzlmen dhenl~z# mg jtlb#lehcz mg fmb Otkkjk1110bmtk ~fhe b | m~fkt jm{e~t| ymzzkzzb ~fk bmemymc|# tlZI% /% $kwkt|1# jmtekt mg otm{en fktk h Fkcckelj zmcnlkt fhz zk~ gmm~%

10"1 fk eh~lwk Otkk` zjm{entkcz htk hch|o tkhn| ~m cken ~fkb% 8 %"0z1~jh fkcyleo fhen hen he hj{~k yktlmn mg h ~ b l m ~|thee| dk of" j g h ~ mejk% _flck ~fk ghbm{k hokej| mg H~fkez# d| h ytmg{zlme1$"%"" +"mglkz hen zchenktz# mg ghczk hjjm{e~z mg ^{t`lzf h~tmjl~lkz#" %% ""!Hlwkt~z ~~ke~lme then ~ftmz h ~flj` wklc mwkt ~fk jtlbkz mgt C"# # %v"#=lu/enhtdz hen mg l~k yh~l`htkz# ~fk ch~~kt bmtk hen bmtk$ u 4 u k v j l u| ~fk ekzyhyktz# hzz{tkn mg lby{el~|# nm em~ zftle`

1 "gtmb he| leghb|% ^{t`lzf wlcchokz d{teleo# wlmch~lmez0 bhzd>$#%1 % "1zhjtkh% yktyk~th~kn {yme ykhjkg{c ^{t``f lefhdl~he~z ,dkjmbk1~fk mtnkt mg +fknh|% ^fk {egmt~{eh~k ymy{ch~lme# yktzkj{~kn#

4 c" 5/~kttlglkn# hz em cmeokt ~fk jm{thok ~m l~fz~hen z{jf h tk"#! $olbk 1 le h dmn| ~fk| ckhwk ~fklt fmbkz# ~fklt wlcchokz# ~fklt

jtmyz# hdhenmeleo ~fklt gmt~{ek# ~fklt ymzzkzzlmez# kwkt|~fleo%/~m zhwk ~fklt clwkz hen ~fklt fmem{t% Hcc ~fkzk ymmt t{aekn gmcn#

/ mg~ke dktkhwkn mg ~fklt nkhtkz~ mekz# htk z~thenkn blzkthdc|le ~fk ememjj{ylkn yht~z mg ~fk Bm~fkt"jm{e~t|% Kwkt|fktk# ce ^{t`k| mek bkk~z ~fkzk ymmt Bm{fhnalb &kblothe~z,#! # Jtk~kz# Bmtkhez# Bhjknmelhez# Kyltlkez# ^fkzzhcmelhez hen% % m~fktz# {ytmm~kn# le x{kz~ mg hln mt ytm~kj~lme# hen fmzk" tholj gh~k hen hjjm{e~ mg ~fklt n z gmt~{ekz z~lt ~fk% enloe!

/ ~lme mg ~fk bmz~ Bhz'^fk wlzldck yktzkj{~lyez# ~fk z|~kbh~lj h~tmjl~lkz mec|

jkhzk ~m olwk ychjk ~m ~fk z{d~ck kvhj~lmez mg ~fk hnblelz~"

th~lwk h{~fmtl~lkz% _lzk myytkzzlme# ckhtekn nkzym~lKcb# hlbleobk~fmnljhcc| hzKc|' Tkjc{z# ~fk kbleke~ Gthejf okmothyfktdh|6# h~ ~fk nkothnh~lme mg ~fk hccmo'kz# lz hyyclkn l~f h" /wktl~hdck ht~# Hcc ~fh~ lz em~ Otkk` l le ghj~ m{~chkn% Emmyymt~{el~| lz cmz~ mg bh`leo ~fkb %gkkc ~fk zy{ttkn fkkc mg~fk myytkzzmt% Kwke le ~fk jm{t~z mg a{z~ljk fljf l e w n d c | #/ nkjlnk hohlez~ hcc fm htk em~ Otkk`( ^flz cl~~ck ykmyck# lb"d{kn wl~:8 otkh~ {etkhclzhdck hbdl~lmez lz mg h gktmjlm{z gheh" "

/ ~dlzb# he lejtknldck jt{kc~|# h jthg~lekzz# he {eyhthcckcknyktglnlm{zek ~mht' ~fmzk fm fhwk ~fk blzgmt~{ek ~m g h c c{enkt lY: nmbleh%~lme%

Z{jf lz ~fk z|z~kb mg omwktebke~ hyyclkn ~m ~fk hccmokekz # 1le ~fk VV`f% jke~{t|# le ~fk jlwlclzkn Fkcckelj @leonmb0 z{jf % "C ~fk ykmyck ~fh~ hzyltkz ~m t{ck le ~fk Khz~ mwkt elflmez mgymy{ch~lmez mg hem~fkt thjk# mg hem~fkt tkclolme ~fhe l~z me% / %^m olwk mwkt h jm{e~t| ~m Otkkjk clz ~m nmmb l~z lefhdl~he~z u~m ~mt~{tk/ ~m nkymy{`~k l~# ~m jmenkbe l~ ~m bmthc hen bh"~ktlhc t{le# ! " %

L~ whz ~f{z ~fh~ ~fk| hj~kn le ~fk Bmtkh /fljf fhn "~ftkk f{entkn ~fm{zhen B{zz{dhe lefhdl~he~z le 86:9# le %/ #^fkzzhc| fljf e{bdktkn h f{entkn hen glg~| ~fm{hen le " # "86?6# ne Jtk~k fljf ymzzkzzkn ;9%999 ^{t`lzf lefhdl~he~z % "le 86


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L" >" /hcc lej{tzlme n{tleo glwk jke~{tckh% Mek mg ~fk t k ~~mych%e" # tmwlejkz me fmzk zmlc em glof~leo fhn dkke l~ekzzkn gmt %#/1 glwk f{entkn |khtz# fhz a{z~ dkke ~fk ~fkh~tk yg h flnkm{z! %# % lewhzlme fljf le h gk nh|z tkn{jI l~ ~m ~fk cl`kekzz mg ~fk%/ %yktyk~{hc dh~~cnlkcnz mg Bhjknmelh0 ~fk| fhwk ~thezgmtbkn% "# ~ffbbkccjt{z jm{e~t| le~m h w u ~kzkt~% Ekhtc| ;9%999 ^{t`z+hwk yktlzfkn ~fktk le ~fk bmz~ gtlof~g{c ~mtteke~k# flcz~%/ 1 % 99%999 m~fkt g{ol~lwkz hen' hdm{~ l~fm{~ bknljhbke~z#%1# %l_{~1zfkc~kt hen l~fm{~ "tkzm{tjk hcc tm{en ~fk qmek mg %%"/1 Otkk mjj{yh~lme fljf fhz dkjmbk h fkcc gmt ~fk Bw{cbhez %% % %""|" # 8%

" j #/= " %1 H~ Zb|teh l~zkcg le ~fk otkh~ ymt~ mg ~fk% Hkokhe Zkh# S%"" {enkt ~fk wkt| k|kz mg lenloehe~ gmtkloekb# em fghb| fhz" " dkke zyhtkn ~fk ^{t`cdf ymy{ch~lme% ^fk #tkymt~z ~fh~ k fhwk

" ##0y{dclzfkn ~m nh| ~ftm z{gglmlke~ clof~ me ~fk dhzkekzz n fkzk% %" hnwke~{tktz% D{~ ~m yht~z mg ~flg: ytmwclejk fktk ~fk jtlbkz

dkjmbk mg h ~t{c| tk|mcdleo bhoel~{nk htk B`ekbke bn Hlnle%4 "/] Hcbmz~ ~fk fmck ^{t`lzf ymy{ch~lme mg BDekbke ktk

% bhzzhjtkn l~fm{~ he| ytmwmjh~lme# l~fm{~ he| bm~lwk fljf/$kwke ~ fk kvlz~kejk mg nlz~{tdhejkz jm{cn a{z~lg|% Hh ~m ~fk% ~thokn| mg Hlnle# l~ kvjkknz +le%mttmt hcc ~fh~ jhe dk lbholekn%" "S+%% # ktm# le zk~~leo ltk ~m Tmbk# fhn em~ jmenkbekn ~fk ym"

% % y{ch~lme ~m dk d{te~ hclwk le ~fklt nkccleoz% ^fh~ lz fmkwkt" 1fh~ ~fk Otk k` nln h~ Hlnle% Gtmb Zb|teh hz gh t hz Ehqlccl

S"% hcc ~fk ~mez# wlcchok# fhbck~h htk em~fleo d{~ h fkhy mg"" % t{lez >bn hzfkz% Bmz~ mg ~fkb zjhtjkc| flnk hbmeoz~ ~fk ltz~lcc zbm`leo tkj`hok# ~fk jhtdmelzkn jmtyzkz# ~fk dckknleo" %

# tkgehllez mg ~fm{zhenz mg ymmt leemjke~ ^{t`z# mg mte'# mg%jflcntke# mg mcn bke zhjtlgljkn ~m ~fk gktmjl~| mg ~fk Fkcckelj"6mtnktt%" Gtmb hcc ~flz nkwhz~h~kn tkolme# gmtbktc| mek mg ~fk

%! #bmz~ ytmzyktm{z# h jt| mg gtlof~g{c nlz~tkzz htlzkz ~m"nh|%^fk Yktbheke~ D{tkh{ mg ~fk ^{t`lzf Jmeotkzz h~ Ch{"" zhbk lz hdck ~m y{dclzf ~mnh| |mbk nmj{bke~ dkhtleo l~"t/%%ekzz le ~fk bmz~ {ex{kz~lmehdck ghzflme ~m ~fk kv~ke~ hen

0t1 bhoel~{nk mg ~fk Otkk` h~tmjl~lkz%~ "c $"1 !% L~ jheem~ zykhgnbc| le'' me ~fk tkhnleo mg z{jf hen u { j f

+ % 6 yhykt# hcc l~fm{~ kvjky~lme ytkzke~leo h nmj{bke~ht| bn %

# % fljt~melj Le~ktkz~ mg ~fk flofkz~ abyht~hejk me he! ekvhbycknj n n ~ | ~fh~ he kttmt mg ymcl~ln hyyblh~lme fhz ck~ cmmzk Smwkt h yht~ mg m{t {efhyy| jm{e~t|% %

Em~fleo mhe jmbyhtk l~f /~flz yl~lckzz 'dcmmn| fm" % 3{~cnleo nmwe mg ~fk ^{t`#fljf gtmb ~fk "lme mg Ke"

% od f# Gtkejf# h'# L~hclhe l~ekzzkz jfhthj~ktdkh ~fk Otkk` u " +mjj{yh~lme hxn ~fk z|z~kbh~lj nkz~t{j~lme mg h{tnkht ytmwlejk%1 w'ke mg ~fk flof Otkkct zmjlk~|0 kckohe~ chnlkz mgZb|tb fhwk olwke ytmmg mg h @hggltcl`k dkzfcl~| ~h`leo "/nkclof~# kwke ~h`leo yht~ l~f zmeoz hen ch{of~kt le ~fk bmz~ %% " % %

"# / hdakj~ {e{~lch~lmeh% % % + %"" y "% / D{ ~ dcmmnzfkn ch ekwkt gmtolwke hen O ~ ljk ml" h m{~ " % "%~

# fkt kenz% $ "!w /[enkt fu~kw68tkolbk k bh| clwk h{% khn wlcc nh|k # /

# fhwk h fmcn dwkt Fkcckelzb% " #% "! % /^fk wlm~mt| mg ~fk hcclkz jheem~ dk tkohtnkn h6 h wlj~mt| / $% # mg ~fk/ Jbkz mwkt ~fk Jtkzjkccl~% ^fk B{hz{cbhb fm gm{of~ % %

le ~fk tht' mg ~fk hcclkh m{cn dk z{tytlzkn ~m ckhte ~fh~ ~fk| % "Lfhn zfkn ~fklt dcmmn le z{jf h jh{zk% X{l~k d~fktlzk ktk %# ~fk h g f h ~ l m e z hmckbec| bhnk ~m ~fkb fke ~fk| wktk le" %n~kn ketmc `kbzkcwkz~ {enkt ~fk dheekt mg ~fk Ke~ke~k% #

"/8ek{dbl~~leo ~fkzk tkymt~h hen ~kz~lbmelkz ~m ~fk z{yktlmt% gthj~lme mg y{dclj mylelme fljf ytmgkzzktz ~fk zhbk f{bhel~! %tlhe le~ktkh~ ~m" ~fk myytkzzkn l~fm{~ u j n m eg H "thjk mt tkclolme# k hyykhc ~m ~fk lbyht~lhc mylelme mg K{tmyk %hen mg Hbktljh ~fh~ / {z~ljk em~fleo d{~ a{z~ljk""bh| dk u %

# tkenktkn ~m ~fk 'f~h mg he mwktfkcbleo ^{t`lzf bhamtl~|% / "hen ~fh~ ~fk {t lzfytmwlejk mg Zb|bhbh| dk gmt kwkt jckhe" %#= zkn gtmb ~fk ymcc{~lme mg h b{c~l~{nk mg jtlblen hnwke~{tkb#


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% 3 #% ] thezch~lme mg ~fk ck~~kt Em 8-4>;87# h~kn 47~f%% % t A{ek 8


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jmbbl~~kn dkleo dtm{of~ ~m ~fklt `emcknok% L fhwk ~fke tk"# ? j b k ~n |m{t otkh~ okektmzl~|# fljf kwkt| nh| bhelgkz~z

L ` c g hgtkzf# hen dko |m{# le mtnkt ~m ohwk b| {efhyy| eh~lme "1/ tmb ~fk {edkhthdck jhchbl~lkz {enkt fljf zfk d mwktfkc"% bkn ~m ymle~ m{~ ~fkzk jtlbkz ~m ~fk ymktg{c yktzmehokz fm%" fmcn le ~fklt fhenz ~fk nkz~lelkz mg ~fk mtcn h' ~m legmtb /H + " % l~fk jlw[kn {elwkbk ~fh~ ~fk ^{t`z hen ~fk B{zz{cbhez htk

dkleo nh{of~ktkn cl k zfkky hen ~fh~ ~fklt kvlz~kejk# ~fklt/" %ytmykt~| hen ~fklt fmem{t htk dkleo heelflch~kn% L l %" S" " " \m{t jmbyhzzlmeh~k le~ktwke~lme lcc yktfhyz jme~tld{~k

L %

~m y{~ he ken ~m ~fk lea{z~ljkz ~m fljf lz#kvymzkn he {efhyy|"%ykmyck fljf# cl`k kt| m~fkt eh~lme fhz h tlof~ ~m kvlz~kejk% ! +% #1" fm{of L hb h~ ~fk fkhn mg he mtohelzh~lme jfhtokn wl~f ~fk

0LL% %" %ytm~kj~lme# ~fk [ k # fk fmem{t hen ~fk ytmykt~| mg ~fk ymy{ch"/% %" ~lme# L {efhyycl| nm em~ z{jjkkn le g{cglccleo ~flz blzzlme% ^f{d # % # "

" %"1%L zlejktkc| ~t{z~# ~fh~ l~f |m{t flofc| f{bhel~htlhe zke~'L % % % bked |m{ %wl c c g{cc| zfhtk ~fk ytmgm{en otlkg ~fh~ L gkkc h~% / $leo ~fk leemjke~ dcmmn mg b| eh~lme zfkn kwkt| nh| hej~0" " ~fhd |m{ wlcc% tkjklwk b| zmcljl~h~lmez ghwm{thdc|%$ %%!/L ] % ^fk ^{e`lzf ykmyck fljf jfktlzfkz le l~z dckknleo fu

""" h kcc gm{enkn fmyk le |m{# fljf hhl~z l~f lbyh~lkejk ~fk$L" /

% ] # L %tkz{c~z mg ~fk z~kyz fljf |m{ lcc z{tkc| em~ ghlc ~m ~h`k gmt7 "!"

/ t " #% "l~z ytm~kj~lme hen ~fk nkgkejk mg l~ z a{z~ jh{zk# lz tkhn| ~m" " / l u d j t d kz : 1 le l~z ocmtlm{h flz~mt| ne ck~~ktz mg omcn |m{t wkekth~kn" 1% 3! ~chbk% %" =" " " " L ~h`k ~flz myymt~{el~| Zclt mg dkooleo |m{ ~m hjjky~ ~fk" # 5 kvytkzzlme mg b| oth~l~{nk% %

^fk Jmbbhenhe~ Ockektn mg ~fk Okenhtbktlk#" % # &zloekn, ^fk Jmcmekc H% VKBHC ZLTTL%% %

# ^fk ^thokn| mg Zb|tehL %

B K B M T L H CYtkzke~kn me ~fk 86~f mg n{ek 8


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b ~ t | whz ~fk mjj{yh~lme# wl~f ytkbknl~h~kn zhwhokt|# mgZhe|bh #d| ~fk Fkcckelj ~tmmyz%"" #7 #! /%"! %"0%% ^flz mjj{yh~lme lz kggkj~kn l~f% ~fk hlb mg ytkyhtleo h%"!yl~l~lm{z otm{en# {enkt ~fk |m`k mg he {ezlohlgljhe~ Otkk`$blemtl~| fl! mek zkkbz nkjlnkn ~m z~tkeo~fke d| Fkcckelj%%L" 18yk66{tku,#mt h ymclj| mg thyln kv~ktbleh~lme mg ~fk kemtbm{z

/ 0=uz{cbhe bhamt~| lefhdl~leo ~fk Wlch|k~ mg Hlnle%#% # J$. "%%u";Kggkj~kn le nkgf jk mg ' eh~lmehc zkcg"tkzykj~ mg ~fk/"13"0tlof~ ~m kvlz~kejk hen mg ~fk zke~lbke~ mg ~fk ^{t`z# l~ fhzH % dtm{of~ m{~ l ~ /l z ~t{k# ~fk ytmgm{en nlggktkejk mg jmejky~lme//fljf zkyhth~kz %~fk M~~hbhe Zmwktkloe~| gtmb ~fk db~zc

,%h 1 Fkcckelj nubuleh~lme#{~ fhz a{z~c| yc{eokn ~fk fmck B{z11""t ~ e ymy{ch~lme '~m he hchtbleo hevlk~| hz ~m ~fklt {c~l"! %.;" l ~k zhgk~|# ^fk tmddktlkz# ylcchokz# m{~thokz# b{tnktz hen/ " dhtdhtl~lkz mg fljf Zb|teh he~~c fkt nkykenkejlh ktk# hen" " 'lcc htk ~fk ~fkh~tk zlejk ~flz gh~hc mjj{yh~lme# ktk ekwkt% " kvyktlkejkn gmt h zleock nh| {enkt ~fk M~~mbhe zmwktkloe~|%

^fk Otkk` htb| fhz em~ fkzl~h~kn ~m jmbbl~ hohlez~ ~fk B{"k{cbhez hj~z mg he loemble| ~f h~ m{cn fhwk dkke tky{oehe~" kwke ~m ~fk dhtdhtlhe fmtnkz mg he~lx{l~| jhtt|leo h ~me/d|%#/ ~mtb# h ~ ~fk" jmz~ mg fkhw| /hen dcmmn| zhjtlglkz%? q8J%"% ^fk eh~lwk Otkk`z fm fhwk clwkn gmt jke~{tlkz le ~the"!% x{lccl~| hen my{ckejk# ~fhe`z ~m ~fk dkekwmcke~ h~~l~{nk mg ~fk

" " ^{t` hen ~m ~fk/ytlwlckokz ~fk| ktk othe~kn0 ~fkzk ykmyckfm bmtk ~fhx b | m~fktz fhwk ketljfkn ~fkbzkcwkz hen y d "gl~kn d| ~fk kjmemblj tkzm{tjkz mg ~fk Kbyltk flck ~fk ^{t"`lzf ykmyck zfkn l~z dcmmn gtkkc| le mtnkt ~m bhle~hle ~fk mtnkthen zkj{tl~| mg ~fk jm{e~t|0 ~fkzk ghczk dtm~fktz gmt fmzk# ytmzyktl~| hen nkwkcmybke~ k fhwk dkke nthlekn ~m ~fk {~"bmh~#ktk ~fk gltz~ ~m olwk ~fk dhn kvhbyck ~m ~fklt Fkcckelj"tkclolmelz~z%* ^fk {elgmtbz# gkq# ~{tdhez# kwke ~fk ylj~{tkz t~en mt`zmg ht ~ tkytkzke~leo eh~lmecn z{dakj~z ktk ~fk mdakj~ mg ~fknkz~t{j~lwk thok mg ~fk Otkk` zmcnlktz hen jlwlclhez% ^mnh| ~fkB{ mg ~fk mjj{ylkn ~kttl~mtlkz keam| em cldkt~| h~ hcc%^fk omwktebke~hc jmttkzymenkejk lz {enkt h zkwktk jme~tmc#

" 8 4 "

% %l ~fk ^{t`lzf ekzyhyktz htk {enkt he lekvmthdck jkezmtzflyhen ~fk ^{t`z htk {enkt ~fk jme~le{hc bkehjk mg Otkk` etg""1/ glhez% ^fk tkwmc~leo kwke~z wfljf dmm ychjk h~ Zb|teh fhwleo# !fhn gmt nlzo{u~knl~ekzzkz hn ~fk gmtkloekb hen ~fk ehwhc " %/gmtjkz mg ~fk Ke~ke~k# wk a{nok l~ {eekjkzzht| ~m tkjhcc ~fkbfktk0 bmtkmwkt ~fk ytk.+{~l ~h ke d| ~fk Otkk`um ytkwke~ / %hcc jmbb{eljh~lme# fhwk nkytlwkn {z mg ~ fk n k {yme ~fk %

lef{bhe jtlbkz jmbbl~~kn d| ~fk Fkcckekz% _k nxnc jme~ke~ #mbkcw|~z fktk# wl~f olwleo KC cdtlkg z{bbht| mg ~fk kwke~z%fljf ~mm` ychjk h~ Dm{bhdh~# Dmz|ch`h# Na{bh"Mwhzzl# F!/u{tkna7# Elk# Zlwtl"Flzzht# M{tch hen hczm h wkt| lejmbyck~k"~ mg ~fk f{bhe cmzzkz hen mg ~fk ^{t`lzf fm{zkz hen zfmyz"%

% 1 %Le" ~fk jm{tzk mg ~fk mjj{yh~lme hc~ ~fk nthkb# j{y"1 Y 1% dmhtnz# kt~gkz mg ~fk umwktebke~wktk dth`ke myke hen ~fk0%jme~ke~z zjh~~ktkn kwkt|fktk le ~fk fmyk /mg glenleo yhyktbmek|0 dkzlnkz ~fh~#/h[ ~fh~ ~fk kbycm|kz fhn me ~fkb# kwke 0~fklt jcm~fkz# ~fklt mwktjmh~z hen m~fkt ~fleoz ktk z~mcke0G/tmb ~fk whcl ~m ~fk f{bdckz~ jckt` hcc ktk ntlwke nmeo ~fk$

8 %x{h| le%h zjhenhcm{z bheekt# ~fklt fhenz {y# hen jmbbhenkn" "{enkt yhle mg nkh~f ~ m zfm{~ hQl~m Wkelqkcmze 0 h~ kwkt| z~ky/~fk| tkjklwkn zfmktz mg dcmz /gtmb ~fk d{ ~~ kenz mg /o{ez " "hen gtmb #dh|mek~z%H chtok otm{y mg zjfmmcbhz~ktz hz jme" %""n{j~kn ~m ~fk zfly tYh~tlzt l~f ~fk zhbk tkwmc~leo jktkbm" %Lclhc~m dk le~ktekn ~ f b % Hbmeo ~ f k mggljktz fm ktk le ~fk % #dhtthj`z gm{t~kke %ktk `lcckn0 hbmeoz~ m~fktz ~fk Jmcmekc% %Gk~f| Dk|# Ehnlt Dk|# Ghftknnle Kggkenl# Hfbkn Dk|# k~j%^fk z~{nke~ Lfbb [gkenl Em :9 mg ~fk zkfmmc mg Htd hen / t$Jthg~h whz b{tnktkn d| kwqmekz le gtme~ mg ~fk Dhex{k Ho" %tljmck% ^fk tehfhckdlnal &blc`bhe, Hfbkn Hoh mg ~fk Naknl~x{ht~kt w h j{ ~ ~m ylkjkz% ^fk hoke~z mg ~fk Jke~thc ymcljk % 0mggljk wktk zhwhokc| `lcckn h~ ~fklt ymz~z d| ~ f k zmcnlktz% ^fkymcljk z{yktle~kenke~ nk E c h F{zzhle Kggkenl hz hczm j n~m# ylkjkz le gtme~ mg ~fk/ Dhex{k Hotljmck% ^fk ytmytlk~mt mg~fk ekyyhyktFm{`mt~`m{ D7jfkt &^fk ulo f~ zu mghe, ^hfzleTknakd Dk| whz `lcckn le flz fm{zk% ^m |m{eo/ytle~kt chnhmg ~ fk ekoyhykt @k{|c{ ktk hzzhzzleh~kn% Tkg' Kggkenl

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blcl~ht| ymcljkbhe hz lcckn le h fmttldck bheekt% H~ ~fkblcl~ht| fm~kc myymzl~k ~fk Omwkebke~ d{lcnfoz klof~ /ykt"zmez# bke# mbke hen jflcntke ktk hzzhzzleh~kn% FhclnKggken| h ymcljk g{ej~lmeht|# hz `lcckn% Zhoflt Fhhzhe hen#Jhwhzz H d k n nk Zyht~%h ktk wlj~lbz mg ~fk zme/mg ~fk `kkyktmg h fm{zk mg lcc"ghbk h jkt~hle Lz`meh Bhtghe~l% Hdm{~ glg~|

%# b{zz{cbkez# dmh~bke mg ~fk ychjk jhcckn Yhzzymt~z# ktk "jfhlekn ~mok~fkt hen ntmekn ~fk zkh% ^fklt dmnlkz l~f~fmzk mg h otkh~ e{bdkt mg m~fkt wlj~lbz ktk othn{hcc|%"%hzfkn {y hcmeo ~fk jmhz~% ^fk ~hv"oh~fktkt mg ~fk ^l`lcl`x{ht~kt# Em{t| Dk|# hz tlnnckn *d| dh|mek~z/ hen glehcc|z{jj{bdkn dkgmtk ~fk ytle~leo"fm{zk mg @k{|c{ gtmb ~fk kggj~zmg hdm{~ glg~| m{enz% ^fk gmtbkt ymcljk mggljkt Hfbkn Kggke"nl ~{ j{~ ~m ylkjkz d| Otkk` zmcnlktz% ^fk dmh~bhe ^h~ht ""1 F{zzkle hz b{tnktkn% fhe| ghblclkz fmzk ehbkz k tkg"

% 1thle gtmb bke~lmeleo ktk nlzfmem{tkn% ^fk gmccmleo fm{zkz#zfmyz# fm~kcz# jhzlemz kz~hdclzfbke~z ktk /ylcchokn hen zhj"/ `kn 1 ^fk jhzlem n{ Yhb# ~fk jhgk hen Fm~kc Hz`ktl% ^fk Fhe %n\KwclhQhnd# ~fk tkz~h{the~ Dmcm{cm{ Bkfkbkn# ~fk dmm`z"zfmy Hfbkn Thodld gntkz# nhlt| hen yzz~t| jmmt /z Ldthflb/ Fh``l# ~fk jfkblz~/z zfmy Jflgh# ~fk Jc{d $Gm|kt n{ Ntml~$""]mg K`bk`nal 'jfl Fhe# ~fk zfmkbh`kt/z zfmy Fhnal Fhglq # #B{z~hyfh gl t k z # ~fk tkz~h{the~ Lhbhlc Kggkenl hen flz fm{zk/h~ Jhth~hjfk# ~fk zfmyz mg ^hzjfnal Mzbhe Kggkenl0 _ a l Fh"

" + g>q G/l`tl hen Zkchel`clFhglq F{kzkle# ~fk Dhqhht mg Hch"Jfdflt#% 3%1~fk zfmy mg ~fk zfmkbh`kt Fh``l H{z~h# ~fk jhtyk~z hen" n | n a h n d mg ~fk bmzx{kz Flhzht hen Dk{cj{` Dhzfl# ~fk jz"

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" / ~fk zfmy mg @7tkh~knal Nalfhe Dk|# ~fk fm{zk h ~ @lclna Hcl mg~fk Z{yktle~kenke~ mg Ymcljk Bkftekn Kggkenl# ~fh~ mg ~fk% ke ~ B{h~hyfh h ~ Nldk` Dhzjfl# ~fk zfmy mg Hcl Fh|nht# ~fkfm{zk mg ~fk jkez{z nltkj~mt Fhzzhe Dk| h ~ Hch| Dk|# h~ @h"th~hjf em~ h z~mek hz ckg~ z~henleo mg ~fk fm{zk Em{t| Dk|#" h ~ O{k{q"^7y7 mg ~fk fm{zk mg ~fk h~jfbh`kt Fhglq Bkfbkn #Kggkenl# mg ~fk fm{zk mg ~fk ch~k Dhcnal "8; Fhbln Dk|0 ~@hthe~leh mg ~fk fm{zk mg Clk{~kehe~ Jmcmekc ^hflt Dk| hen

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"#Jmbbhenhe~# ~fk# b{zz{cbhez ktk gmtdlnnke ~m myke ~fklt / %zfmyz dkgmtk ~fk zktwljkz le ~fk Jftlz~lhe jf{tjfkz# # htk mwkt%# :% ^fk# tkolme mg ~fk wlcchokz mg O{k{tkna` hen Nam{bhMwhzzl wktk ylcchokn hen 0d{te~0 ~fk lefhdl~he~z fhwk >kbloth~kn hdhenmeleo ~fklt fmbkz%


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% dlcl~lkz Bkfbkn Dk| hen Dkfnak~ Kggkenl ktk bhc~tkh~knhcc nmeo ~fk h| ~m Zb|bh# fktk ~fk| htk z~lcc le ytlzme%^fk h~~kt fm lz bhamt mg ~fk jmbb{ek mg Nmofhe whz ~fk`{fleoz~mj` mg flz whtnktz#fm bhnk flb zkky ~fk z~tkk~z%mg Wm{tch%

+ ?% Emc~ jme~ke~ l~f ~fkzk jt{kc~lkz hen h~~hj`z {ymefmem{t# cldkt~| mg jmezjlkejk hz hczm ~thbyckn {enkt gmm~ken B{zz{cbhez ktk gmtjkn ~m jmewktzlme d| ~fklt kvkj{~l"mektz% _k jhe bke~lme fktk ~fk ymcljkbke mg ~fk @zth`9%c mgGhz~b{ch% Jfkg`k~ hen Thbkqhe kggkenlz fm ktk ezbkn% kzykj~lwkc| Ckg~kt hen Nlbl~tl%

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nhe~z lejc{nleo ~fk hnblthc le jflkg Jhc~ftmy# a{z~lg| ~fkheo{lzf mg ~fk ^{t`lzf ymy{ch~lme fljf zkkz l~z fmem{t# l~zclgk hen l~z ytmzyktl~| le nheokt% ^fk Fkcckelj ymclj| fljffhz tkn{jkn ~m em~fleo ~fk ^{t`lzf ymy{ch~lme/ mg ^fkzzhc|#fljf le ~fk lzck mg Jtk~k fhz tkn{jkn l~ gtmb mek ~fltn ~m mek~ke~f# fljf kwke le z{jf h zfmt~ zyhjk mg ~lbk fhz z{jjkknknle tkn{jleo l~ d| mek fhcg le Bhjknmelh ~flz ymclj| lz jhcj{ch~kn~m ntlwk ~ m nkzyhlt kwke ~fk bmz~ zfme~"zlof~kn mg my~lblz~z%

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10/62

4% ^fk zhbk nh| h~ 88 f% :9 h% b% ~fk hnblthc J h c B yjhbb{eljh~kz ~m bk ~fk gmccmleo em~k 1

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/ 6 m/jcmj`% Gtmb ? m/jcmj` nk~hjfbke~z mg Otkk` zhlcmtz lcc- #H mjj{y| ~fk chenleo z~hltz% ^m ytkwke~ he| tkotk~~hdck lejlnke~hen he| blz{enktz~henleo# hcc ~fk ~tmmyz le ~fk x{ht~kt mg

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11/62

" ~mm` ychjk hAc hcmeo ~fk tmhn% ^fk ~tmmyz mg mjj{yh~lme theoknme dm~f zlnkz hen ~fk Ot'` ymy{chjk htbkn l~f tkwmcwktz% gltkn h~/ h wke~{tk me ~fk jmewm| hfn h~ kwkt| z~ky z~t{j` ~fk~fk mggljktz l~f z~lj`z# l~f nhooktz hen he|~fleo ~fk| jm{cnch| fhenz me% Ykmyck fm ktk me ~fk Otkk` dmh~z hejfmtkn// le ~fk ymt~# me ~fk dhcjmelkz mg ~f k fm{zkz hen hyht~bke~z#

+ / / Le j h g d mt kczkfktk# hcc eh~lwk Otkk`z mt Fkcckelj zmcnlkb#/ h:8 yht~ljlyh~kn bmtk mt ckzz le zmbk h| mt m~fkt le ~flz

% gtlof~g{c mtnkhc% Mggljktz l~f ~fk' fhenz {y ktk gmtjkn ~m/ + %mt| $Ql~mz$# Bhe| mg ~fkb hh kcc hz mg ~fk zmcnlktz z{jj{bdkn

dkekh~f ~fk dcmz mt ktk `lcckn mt m{enkn d| ~fk gltkhtbz%L~ whz le gtme~ mg ~fk Mtlke~hc u he ` /h e n kht h Otkk` ~mtyknmdmh~ bmmtkn ~m ~fk x{h| ~fh~ k ktk ~fk bmz~ kvymzkn ~mfk gltk% Hcc ~flz/ke~ me {enkt ~f k k|kz mg ~fk gmtkloektz# mg~fk mggljktz hfn zmcnlktz mg ~fk ehwhc {el~z mg ~ fk Ke~ke~k#ytkzke~ h ~ ~flz bmbke~% Hc~fm{of m{t cmzzkz fhwk em~ dkkeke~ltkc| nk~ktblekn mek bh| jm{e~ bmtk ~fchb >9 `lcckn hen79 m{enkn0 hbmeo ~fk wlj~lbz bh| dk bke~lmekn ~fk fkhn#mg ~fk tkjt{l~leo u g g l j k g ~fk LW~f% Htb| Jmtyz# JmcmekLZ{ckfehe Gk~fl Dk|# ~fk z~hgg Jmcmekc Hcl Dk|# ~fk fkhn nmj"~mt Clk{~kehe~ Jmcmekc Jf{`tl Dk|# hen ~fk jflkg mg z~hggHdnm{c Fhbln Dk| hen bhe| m~fktz%

7% Le ~fk #dmh~z bmtk ~fhe ~flt~| kwqmekz# mtnktkn ~mb h tj f ~fk mggljktz hgtkzf# dkfhwkn hz hz ~m dk kvykj~kn le~fk wlckz~ bheekt% ^fk| zyhtkn ~fkb em lez{c~# em f{blclh~lme%

?% H8L ~fk mggljktz lejc{nleo b|zkcg ktk ntlwke le~m ~fkf m d mg ~f k #dmh~z dkzlnk ~fk helbhcz% Hg~kt 7 mt ? fm{tz mg /lcc"~tkh~bke~ hen lbytlzmebke~# L# ~fkgjflkg n z~hgg Hdnm{cFhbln Dk| hen ~fk mbbhenhe~ mg ~fk ;7~f nlwlzlme ktk ckn~m ~fk fhtthj`z l~f ~fk mdakj~ mg jmbyck~leo le h nkch| Smg~m fm{tz# ~fk kwhj{h~lme mg ~fk ~me%

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12/62

em~ zm ght dkke hdck ~m jmbb{eljh~k l~f bk% L zfhcc legmtb%|m{ hz zmme hz l~ lz ymzzldck gmt ~fkb%/ L dko |m{t Kvjkcckej| ~m hjjky~ k~k% /

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# ymcljkbke hen okenhtbkz fm ktk le ~flz mggljk ktk jmezk"x{ke~c| l~fnthe hen ~h`ke dhj` ~m ~fk mggljkz mg ~fk Jmb"bhenbke~ mg ~fk tkolbke~ mg okenhtbktlk% ^fk| fhn zjhtjkc|httlwkI fke mek zh hnwhejleo hcmeo ~fk x{h|z le ~fk n lb "~lme mg ~fk dhtthj`o h dh~~hclme mg Fkcckelj kw ekz ytkjknknd| l~z Jmbbhenhe~ me fmtzkdhj` hen gmccmkn d| he mggljktmg cmkt the` dkhtleo ~fk Fkcckelj z~henhtn% H otkh~ e{bdkt%% mg mbke hen jflcntke ytkjknkn hen hjjmbyhelkn ~flz dh ~~h "clme% ^fk tkytkzke~h~lwkz mg ~fk Otkk` htb| hz kcc hz h otkh~e{bdkt mg bkbdktz dkcmeleo ~m ~f k mtohelzh~ lme mg ~fk $Bk"ohcl Lnkh$ &Otkh~ Lnkh, hczm gmccmkn l~ tkwmcwkt le fhen% ^fkjtmn cl`k ~fk Otkk` zmcnlktz yhzzkn dkgmtk ~fk dhtthj`h l~fmtnkt hen le yktgkj~ ~thex{lccl~|% H~ ~fk bmbke~ fke ~fk|#wktk ~{teleo ~fk jmtekt mg ~fk u ~ t k k ~ en ktk hdm{~ ~m

# / f{entkn bk~ktz hh| gtmb ~fk dhtthj`z h tkymt~ hz fkhtn%L~ hz mek mg ~fk lenlwln{hcz htbkn l~f h tkwmcwkt hen fmhjjmbyhelkn ~fk FkcLkelj dh~~hclme fm b{z~ fhwk gltkn0 fkbh| kwke fhwk nmek zm lewmc{e~htlc|# d| hjjlnke~% Fmkwkt~fh~ bh| dk ~fk zfm~ zytkhn yhelj hbmeoz~ ~fk Fkcckelj ~tmmyzhen# mggljktz hen bke hcl`k dkohe ~m gtkj le hcc nltkj~lmez hen/ytlejlyhcc| le ~f h~ g tmb fljf ~fk| fhn jmbk% ^fk nk~hjfbke~fljf gmccmkn ~fkb# ~fke /~mm {y ~fkl t ymzl~lme le ~fk ohtnkezl~{h~kn dk~kke ~fk Omwktemt Okekthc/z yhchjk hen ~fk dht"thj`z hen ~h`leo gmt ~htok~z ~fk nmmtz hen lenmz mg ~fk% dhtthj`z ~fk| mykekn h wkt| fkhw| gltk% L~ hz em~ tk~{tekn%gtmb he| zlnk% Ekwkt~fkckzz ~fk g{zlcchnk hz `ky~ {y gmt bmtk~fhe fhcg he fm{t% Zmbk {t`lzf mbke hen jflcntke fm ktk~fktk# zklqkn l~f ~kttmt# fhn ~h`ke tkg{ok le ~fk z~hltjhzkzh~ ~fk ke~thejk mg ~ fk Dhex{k Hotljmck# ~fle`leo ~m dk bmtkmt ckzz zfkc~ktkn gtmb ~fk g{zlcchnk0 ~fk| ktk bhzzhktknl~fm{~ yl~|% Cl~kthc c| z~tkhbz mg dcmmn ktk gcmleo nme~fk z ~ ky mg ~fk z~hl tjhzk mg ~ fk Dhe`# gmtbleo h ymmc le gtme~mg ~fk #d{lcnleo%

Le ~fk ytmjchbh~lme fljf fk fhn fhn ymz~kn {y khtc| le/ |ck bmteleo ~f k Jmbbhenhe~ mg ~fk Fkcckelj ~tmmyz mg mjj{yh"# ~lme lewl~kn ~fk hnblelz~th~lwk hen a{nljlht| g{ej~lmehtlkz ~m

jme~le{k ~m kvktjljk ~fklt g{ej~lmez hz le ~fk yhz~%# #" > "

^t{z~leo ~m ~fk ~k tbz mg ~ flz ytmjchbh~lme hcc ~fk g{ej"~lmehtlkz mg ~f k ^{t`lzf Omwktebke~ ktk h~ ~fklt y~% {~fke ~fk| zh ~fk Otkk` zmcnlktz bm{e~leo ~m" ~fk gcmmt mg~fk blcl~ht| jhzlem# zl~{h~kn myymzl~k ~fk Omwktebke~ yhchjk#hen gtmb ~fktk nltkj~ h clwkc| g{zlcchnk me ~flz yhchjk# hcc ~fmzkykmyck le nheokt ke~ hen otm{ykn ~fkbzkcwkz lez~lej~lwkc|tm{en ~fk Omwktemt Jkek tn ~m hhl~ ~fk jm{tzk mg kwke~z%

^fk tmmb fk ~fk Whcl hen ~fk g{ej~lmehtlkz hz kcc hz~fk mggljktz mg okenhebktlk ktk hzzkbdckn hz le ~f k yht~ mg~fk @meh` &~ fk omwktebke~hc Yhchjk, jmbyhth~lwkc| ~fk ckhz~kvymzkn% L~ hz nkjlnkn ~m bh`k ~fk Otkk`z {enktz~hen d|bkhez mg h fl~k zfkk~ fmlz~kn me ~fk g h u h n kfh~ ~fktk hzem gltleo gtmb ~fk @meh` hen ~fh~ ~fk g{zlcchnk zfm{cn dkz~myykn h~ ckhz~ me ~fh ~ zlnk% D{~ l~ b mg em hwhlc% ^fk /gltleo #jme~le{kn bmtk wlmcke~c| ~fhe kwkt hen fke h~ chz~ #l~ jkhzkn m{~zlnk# k z{nnkec| fkhtn zfm~z jmbleo gtmb ~fkcmkt gcmmt mg ~ fk Omwktebke~hc Yhchjk% ^fk hzzhlche~z fhn /ykek~th~kn Le~m ~fk @meh`% D{~ lbholeleo"tmeoc| fmkwkthz k zh mec| ~mm kcc ch~k t me"~fh~ ~fktk m{cn jkt~hlec|dk he mggljkt h~ ~fk fkhn mg ~fkzk hzzhlcche~z fm jm{cn dk /dtm{of~ ~m fkht tkhzme# k mykekn lnk ~f k nmmtz mg ~f k /O{wktemt Okekthc/z tmmb hen le Otkk`# k lewl~kn ~fk zmcnlktzfm ktk hctkhn| bm{e~leo %~m jmbk le% ^m kwqmekz l~f glvkn #dh|mek~z ykek~th~kn le~m ~fk zhcme% ^fk| ktk ~mcn zkwkthc~lbkz ~fh ~ ~flz tmmb hz ~fk zk h~ mg ~f k Omwktebke~ hen ~fh ~~fk Omwktemt flbzkcg hz ~fktk le yktzme% D{~ ~fk ~m zmcnlkt6dkohe ~m {~~kt ~ftkh~z hen lez{c~z le Otkk` hen le ^{cXlzf henmtnktleo {z ~m fmcn {y m{t fhenz mdclokn {z hcc ~m nkzjken% Me#~fk z~hltjhzk m{~zlnk ~fk tmmb fktk k ktk hzzkbdLkn m~fkt $kwekz l~f glvkn dh|mek~z fhn theokn ~fkbzkcwkz% Kwkt|mek# #glckn yhz~ ~fkzk dt{~kz% _l~fm{~ tkohtn ~m ~fklt the` kwke ~fk %flofkz~ g{ej~lmehtlkz ktk z~t{j` l~f ~fk# d{~~"kenz mg o{ez#ytlj`kn l~f dh|mek~z #hen zkwkthc ktk zktlm{zc| m{enkn#

h Me ~fk cmkt gcmmt# ~fk Otkk` zmcnlktz gltz~ mg hcc mdclokn! "&~ fk g{ej~lmeztlkh ~m ~thbyck me ~fklt gkq hen ~fklt jhcyh`z&fkhnntkzzkz,% ^fmzk fm fkzl~h~kn fhn ~fklt fkhnntkzz ~h`ke %/mgg me ~fk ymle~z mg dh|mek~z% L~ hz ~f{z ~f h~ bhe| mg ~fkb


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ktk m{enkn le ~fk fkhn hen le ~fk ghjk% ^fk eh~lwk Otkk`zfhwleo cl`klzk amlekn ~fk Fkcckelj zmcnlktz# ~fk jlwlclhe g{e" %j~lmehtlkz ktk gmt ~fk bmz~ yht~ wlmcke~c| dkh~ke l~f dcmz #

/" gtmb o{ez# ylkjkz mg mmn mt dhtz mg ltme% Me ~fk ytk~kv~ mg/%1 c`leo gmt htbz ~fk| ktk zkhtjfkn# hen mg jm{tzk tmddkn" mg hcc ~fk| fhn me ~fkb% ^fk Fkcckelj zmcnlktz ~mtk ~fklt {el"8$l gmtbz gtmb m{t mggljktz mg okenhtbktlk fm ktk# cl k ~fkL/ ~fktz# ~fk mdakj~ mg mnlm{z ~tkh~bke~% Kejltjckn d| zkwkthc# zmcnlktz fm o{htnkn ~fkb fkb l~f glvkn dh|mek~z# hcc #

~fmzk ykmyck ktk jmen{j~kn ~m ~fk x{h|% ^fk ktk gmtjkn h~/~fkdh|me~/z ymle~ ~m jt| 1 $Ql~m Wkelqkcmz($ _l~f fhenz {y" l%/hen dhtk fkhnz# ~flz zmtt| jmewm| "fljf jkt~hlec| nmkz em #%%!%$fmem{t ~m ~fk Fkcckekz fm mtohelzkc l~"hz ~f{z ntlwke ! ##l C %omeo gmt zhek ~lbk% /%/ L+/%%

%2 %%! $0" H jkt~hle nlz~hejk fhn hctkhn| dkke ~thwktzkn# fke ~fk%% tkytkzke~h~lwk mg Otkkjk httlwkn le h bm~mt"jht hen ~mm` ~fk1$%Omwktemt Okekthc hen flz zme hh| l~f flb% ^fk m~fktz'%wktkl~fm{~ tf|bk mt tkhzme# dkh~ke# lez{c~kn# m{enkn"11l~f dh|mek~z htln kwke `lcckn% Nthookn hcmeo ~fk x{h|# ~fk #bmz~ ! lbymt~he~ ~fmtm{ofghtk mg ~fk ~me# "em lea{t|# em%# f/lclh~lme whz zyhtkn ~m ~fkzk ymmt ykmyck% ^fk blcl~ht|

" uytkzke~h~lwkzmg ~fk Ymktz mg ~fk Ke~ke~k fm ktk le~fk dh~~ck"zflyz bmmtkn le ~fk ymt~# ~fk gmtkloektz hen em~h"#Bcl~lkz lefhdl~leo ~fk d{lcnleoz me ~fk x{h| ktk l~ekzzkzmg ~fkkk jtlbkz%#

L " Zkwkthc mg m{t mggljkth hen g{ej~lmehtlkz nlzhtbkn hennkgkejkckzz# kzjmt~kn d| Fkcckelj nk~hjfbke~z ktk bhzzhj"tkn d| ~fkb {enkt ~f k wkt| k|kz mg ~fk gmtkloektz% ^fk eh~lwkOtkk`z# fhn htbkn ~fkbzkcwkz gmt ~fk mjjhzlme l~f ylkjkzmg mmn# dhtz mg ltme# jfhlez hen hcc zmt ~z mg lezt{bke~z mgwlmckejk% _fke h otm{y mg mggljktz {enkt kzjmt~ httlwkn legtme~ mg ~fk j{z~mbfm{zk mggljkz ~fk Fkcckelj tkofhb hen~fk Otkk` eh~lwkz gkcc {yme ~fkb le h dmn| zfmktleo dcmz{yme ~fkb% ^fk hna{~he~bhamt Eknah~l Kggkenl# hz ~f{zhzzhzzleh~kn l~f lejtknldck ~mt~{tkz# flz zme mg 6"89 |khtz_fm hz l~f flz gh~fkt ~f h~ nh| hz nthookn hcmeo l~f flbhen l~ekzzkn flz ~tholj ken% Bhn l~f otlkg# le jmew{czlmez

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mg ~khb# hen l~f jtlkz mg heo{lzf fk ~ftk flbzkcg me ~fkdckknleo t~en bheockn dmn| mg flz gh~fkt% L~ hz h fmttldckzlof~# ~fk {efhyy| jflcn hczm tkjklwkn h dh|mek~ ~ft{z~( Emf{bhek gkkcleoz ~m{jf h Otkk` fkht~# ~fk| fhwk olwke hbyck

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# mg ~fk jmhtzkz~ lez{c~z gtmb ~fk Otkk` ymy{chjk% Otkk chnlkz# Lghzflmehdck bkbdktz mg ~f k` flof zmjlk~| ntk zykjlhc h~~ke"~lme d| ~fklt ke~f{zlhzb# hen ~fklt qkhc le {~~ktleo ~fk wlckz~- le


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thezhj`kn% ^fk nthktz mg ~fk nkz`z ktk gmtjkn myke l~fdh|mek~z hcc nmj{bke~z nkz~tm|kn% Hcc ~fk z~tmeodmvkz dkcme"oleo ~m ~fk nlggktke~ hnblelz~th~lmez mg ~fk Z~h~k ktk d{tz~myke d| bkhez mg hyjlhc lez~t{bke~z# hen ~fklt jme~ke~z z~mcke%Em~fleo whz ckg~% Kwke ykez hen le`z~henz ktk jhttlkn mgg#^fk bmtmjjm htb"jfhltz fljf ktk le ~fk Omwktemt/z tmmb #ktk j{~ {y le mtnkt X jhtt| mgg ~fk bmtmjjm ckh~fkt% Hcc ~fk~kckyfmek hyyhth~{z ktk nkz~tm|kn mt tkenktkn {zkckzz% Hcc~fk g{tel~{tk mg ~fk dhtthj`z whz ~ftme m{~ mg ~fk lenmz# >hen zm dtm`ke hz ~m dk mg em {zk%

Bmtkmwkt n{tleo ~flz gh~hc nh| ~fk Otkk`z bhzzhjtkn1 "hcc ~fk lzmch~kn ymcljkbke hen okenhtbkz le ~fk le~ktlmt mt/ L kv~ktlmt mg ~fk ~mwe%H gmt~elof~ hg~kt ~fkhk kwke~z zkwkthc

nkhn dmnlkz ktk z~lcc hzfkn {y d| ~fk zkh% ^fk nkjmbymzkndmnlkz mg ~ftkk ymcljkbke# dm{en ~mok~fkt d| jfhlez yhzzkntm{en ~fklt ekj`z# ktk ~ftme {y d| ~fk hwkz {yme ~fkx{h| n{ yhtj# myymzl~k ~fk Omwktexke~ Yhchjk% ^flz mjm{ttkejk

% h~~thj~kn zktlm{z h~~ke~lme% >H~ ~fk ychjk jhcckn Dmq"|h`h elek yktzmez# hen h ~ Zklnl"

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L zfm{cn ghlc le b| n{~| lg L nln em~ legmtb |m{ mg h tkotk~"~hdck mdzktwh~lme ~f h~ L bhnk le ~fk jm{tzk mg ~fkzk kwke~z%Hz L fhwk hctkhn| zhln# hcc ~fkzk jtlbkz hen mggkejkz ktkyktyk~th~kn le dtmhn nh|"clof~ {enkt ~fk k|kz mg ~fm{zhenz

# mg gmtkloekth mg ~fk nlycmbh~lj hen blcl~ht| tkytkzke~h~lwkzS %

mg ~fk Ke~ke~k ^fk Hbhtljhe mggljktz tmnk hdm{~ me fmtzkdhj`hcc mwkt ~fk ~mwe# hen ktk cl`k bhe| m~fktz k|k"l~fekzzkzmg hcc ~fk loemdck hj~z mg fljf ~fkzk ykmyck ktk o{lc~|% Ltkotk~ ~m z~h~k ~fh~ em~ kwke d| h okz~{tk nln ~fk| nm he|~fleo~m ytkwke~ ~fkb%

^fk 7~f%% {ek 8


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#mggljkt mg J m b z h t l h ~ # ktk tkckhzkn h~ zlv m/jcmj` le ~fk#" 0 g~ktemme%/ |%

#0%LL% ^fk ekv~ nh| ~fk Otkk` Jmcmelhc Qhgltlme# Jmbbhenhe~+ //% mg ~fk Fkcckelj ~tmmyz mg mjj{yh~lme 'bk me dmhtn ~f k $Yh~tlz/1` ! " %

! %3hen hz`kn ~m zykh` l~f mek mg ~fk lbytlzmekn mggljktz le mtnkt=/%101~m%H"# lex{ltk le~m ~fk lejlnke~ fljf fhn ~h`ke ychjk ~fk nh|# #$"#dkgmtk0 L wmc{e~kktkn ~m ytkzke~ b|zkcg ~m flb% Fktk lz ~f k

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! #% gltkn gtmb ~ fk #dhtthj`z l~f ~ fk le~ke~lme mg nkgkenleo l~#

# " {yme ~fk Otkk` jmbyhelkz hnwhejleo le tehbfleo mtnkt hen%% ~fh~ ~fk zmcnlkt me ~fk tlof~ wleo mg ~fk gl tz ~ jmbyhe| hz

! % bmt~hcc| m{enkn% Fk zhln ~fh~ ~fk dthwkt| mg ~f k ^{t`lzf# / b | hh kcc `eme# hen ~fh~ n{tleo ~fk Dhc he"ht fhwleo% dkke jme~le{hcc| le jme~hj~ l~f l~# fk fhn hyytkjlh~kn l~z

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$L ~fke tkyclkn# ~ fh ~ ~f k jmbbhenhe~ mg ~ fk htb| jmtyzfhn tkjklwkn ~fk elof~ dkgmtk ~fk em~ljk mg Hnblthc Jhc~ftmyhen ~fh~ fk fhn lbbknlh~kc| legmtbkn ~fk z{dhc~kte h{~fmtl"

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4% %Hnbl~~llo ~fh ~ ~fk mjj{yhe~z mg% fk dhtthj`z/ fhnbhnk {zk mg ~fklt htbz ~m nkgken l~# ~f k4 d{cck~z zfm{cn fhwkckg~ ~thjkz le ~f k Yht` fktk |m{t zmcnlktz fhn ~h`ke {y ~fklt #ymzl~lme% d8 % %

:% ^fk ^{t`lzf mggljktz# zk~~leo hzlnk ~fklt blcl~ht| ~kjf" "eljhc lez~t{j~lme# fhwk hjx{ltkn n{tleo ~fkzk glwk |khtz mght# h otkh~ kvyktlkejk le lee{bkthdck jmbdh~z me ~fk whtlm{z"gtme~z% Jhe mek dkclkwk ~fh~ he| ^{t`lzf mggljkt m{cn h~~kby~z{jf he lccmoljhc hen bhn hnwke~{tk hz ~m nkgken ~fk dh tthj`z / % "d{lc~ ekht ~fk zkh# hohlez~ h gmtjk mg ~kcwk ~fm{zhen bke0 /L fhwleo ~fklt htbhbke~z# b{el~lmez hen kx{lybke~ jmbyck~k=

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$L ~fhe` |m{ gmt |m{t `len tkbht`z tkzykj~leo ~fk ^{t"`lzf htb|# L zhln ~m flb%_k hczm# n{tleo ~fk nlggktke~ j' % /

" 8"


17/62

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Hcc ~fk zhgk z dkcmeoleo ~m ~fk htb| jmtyz mt ~m ~f k jme~le"!h/0 oke~z hen nlggktke~ zktwljkz mg ~fk htb| jmtyz fljf ktk% %% le ~fk dhtthj`z# fhwleo dkke thezhj`kn hen ~fklt jme~ke~z"t l g ckn hen bmtkmwkt ~fk bmek|# h~jfkz# hen m~fkt whc{hdckz1 48 fljf ~fk mggljktz fhn me ~fkb fhwleo dkke z~mcke d| ~fk%/# Otkk` zmcnlktz h~ ~fk bmbke~ mg ~f klt lbytlzmebke~# ~fk ^{t`"# ### lzf mggljktz# bhttlkn mt em~# gm{en ~fkbzkcwkz le h z~h ~k mg% jmbyck~k nkz~l~{~lme% Jmezkx{ke~c| k ktk mdclokn ~m nlz~"tld{~k hbmeo ~fkb# gmt ~fklt bmz~ ytkzzleo ekknz# h jkt~hlez{b ~f h~ ~fk h tb| jmtyz ymzzkzzkn h~ ~f k Dhe`%

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# % mggljktz% #LBkheflck L fhn hem~fkt yktzmehc le~ktwlk l~f ~fk jmb"

/ #bhfnhe~ mg ~fk mjj{y|leo gmtjkz% C hz nkjlnkn ~fh~ ~fk # /{ebhttlkn mggljktz hen zmcnlktz zfm{cn dk zke ~ ~m Bm{nhelh h% % me dmhtn Otkk` ~thbymt~# hen ~fh~ glwk nh|z zfm{cn dk olwke~m ~f k bhtt lkn mekz ~m ytkyhtk ~fklt nkyht~{tk gmt ~fk zhbknkz~leh~lme% ^flz hz jhblkn m{~% ^fk ghblclkz mg ~fk mggljktzbht~|tlqkn n{tleo ~fk Zb|teh lejlnke~z ktk hczm hlnkn d|% {z le h ytlwh~kgbheekt % L L%b#%fk jmbblzzlme ckg~ h~ Zb|teh gmt ~fk zktwljkz%mg~f k htb| jmtyz ` mbymzkn mg ~ftkk ykbmez# d{~ Mleo ~m ~f kmwktfkcbleo hbm{e~ mg my` l~ lz ekjkzzht| ~m lejtkhzk ~fke{bdkt# [egmt~{eh~kc| n c m{t hyycljh~lmez ~m ~fk Otkk` jmb"bhenhe~ me ~flz z{dakj~ tkbhlekn l~fm{~ kggkj~% M{t Jmte" %blzzlme fhz bhe| nlgglj{c~lkz ~m jme~ken wl~f le ~fk zjjmb"yclzfbke~ mg l~z ~hz`% Hbmeoz~ m~fktz l ~ lz lbymzzldck gmt {z~ m y{ ~ m{t fhenz me ~f k z~m tkz mg ytmwlzlmez hen mg kx{lybke~h

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18/62

bmek| hen mdakj~z z~mcke gtmb ~fk mggzljktz d| ~f k Otkk` zmc"%nlkb fhz hczm dkke tkbl~~kn ~m ~fk hcclkn tkytkzke~h~lwkz% ^fkhelbhcz dkcmeoleo ~m ~fk jme~leoke~z mg jhwhct| hen ht~lcckt|mg ~fk htb| jmtyz ktk jmcckj~kn d| ~f k Otkk`z le ~fk jm{t~# mg ~ fk dhtthj`z hen ktk ekhtc| n|leo mg z~htwh~lme% Z~kyz/ / fhwk dkke ~h`ke gmt ~fklt bhle~kehejk%

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19/62

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20/62

$H ^{t&`lzf clk{~kehe~"jmcmekc# fmb L bk~ h~ ~fk fmz"# yl~hc# ~mcn bk fk fhne/~ ~fk ytljk mg h bkhc Lk~g le ~fk fm{zk"kwkt| z~lj` mg g{tel ~{tk fhn dkke ~h`ke"flz lgk cmm~kn mg

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21/62

^fk jmbblzzlme le x{kz~lme fhwleo# hg~kt he lbyht~lhc%% lex{lt|# g l f k n ~z mt # ytkzke~kn l~z tkymt~ ~m ~fk Z{ytkbk%Jm{ejlc% Le ~flz tkymt~ ~fk le~kthcclkn Jmbblzzlme hggltbz ~fk % /h{~fke~ljl ~| mg ~f k ^{t`lzf wktzlme hen hcc ~fk loemdck Otkk`"% 1blznkknz 'n nkjchtleo ~fk chenleo ~m dk x{l~k l~fm{~ tkhzme

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# z{cbhe ymy{ch~lme% Fm jm{cn ~flz nkzltkn lejlnke~ ghlc ~m/%dk ytmn{jkn=

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%~fk Otkk` dtlohejcz mg Zb|teh# fm fhn jmbk ~m kcjmbk~fk Fkcckelj gmtjkz hen fhn kejltjckn ~fkb# hcc jhttlkn tkwmcwktzmykec|% _fk~fkt le~ke~lmehcc| mt hjjlnke~hcc| h zfm~ whzgltkn gtmb ~fklt the`z# jh{'eo he lenkzjtldhdck yhelj d m e o~fk $ytm{n jmex{ktmtz$ ekc| chenkn# ~f k dthwk kw ekz % #gckkleo le hcc nltkj~lmez gltleo zfm~z# fljf lejtkhzkn ~fk nl"zmtnkt% L~ whz ~fke ~fh~ m~fkt Otkk` ~tmmyz fm gmccmkn ~fk % /gltz~ jme~leoke~z mykekn gltk hohlez~ ~fk {enkgkenkn ^{t`lzf #dhtthj`z% Le zyl~k mg hcc ~fk zloehcz ~f h~ ktk bhnk ~m ~fkb#% le zyl~k mg ~fk fl~k gcho lbbknlh~kc| fmlz~kn# ~fk Otkk`zjme~le{kn ~m gltk me ~fk ^{t`lzf mgglxktz nlzhtb+ ~fk nh|dkgmtk%

LD| nle~ mg ytmwxjh~lme hen dc{z~ktleo ~fk| bhehokn ~m # #bh`k ~fk ^{t`z cmzk yh~lkejk0 h gk zfm~z gltkn mt zhln %~mfhwk dkke gltkn gtmb ~fklt the`z# ohwk ~fk kvykj~kn zloehc / #L gm t ~fk bhhzhjtk% ^fk Otkk`z t{zfkn {yme ~fk dhtthj`z fmzk % % "mjj{yhe~z ktk `lcckn mt m{enkn%

t#' fk x{h|z ~ f l g l t ` l z f mbke ht k {ewjlLkn# lez{c~kn%^fk Otkk`z kt| j{~ ~m ~fk B{zz{cbhez 1 $L%%# ~f| ytmyfk~ hen %~f| tkclolme$% ^fk mtn $Eh|jm$ lz gtkx{ke~c| me /~fk clyz +mg ~fk Otk`z% ^fk| htk mdclokn ~m dh`k mgg ~fklt gkq hen ~thbyck~fkb {enkt gmm~% Lg ~fk| tkg{zk# ~fk| htk ~ftme le~m ~fk zkh% #mt t{e ~ftm{of l~f dh|mek~% +""

Le ~fklt dclen g{t|# ~fk Otkk`z bhzzhjtk hdm{e~ glg~kke mg /~fklt jmbyh~tlm~z fm kht ~fk M~~mbhe gkq le ~fklt x{hcl~| #

z mg g{ej~lmehtlkz0 ~fk| hzzhzzleh~k ~fk Gtkejf z~h~lme"bhz~kt#~m L~hclhez hen he Dfoclzf z{dakk~ k~k% L

^fk Fkcckelj jmbbhenkt fhwleo nkjtkkn h z ~h ~k mg zlkok#/ b{tnkt hen ylcchok htk fkejkgmt~f {enkt ~fk ytm~kj~lme mghtbkn gmtjd% ^fk >9~f tkolbke~z fhz~ke ~m lbl~h~k ~fkb% /%^fk ^{t` htk lbytlzmekn le h dmn| hen ~fklt fm{zkz zhj`kn%

D{~ ~fk Otkk` nm em~ h ~~hj` mec| ~fk ytmykt~| mg ~fk B{z" / Bkheflck ~fk ^{t`z fm fhn dkke ~h`ke ytlzmektz#


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z{cbhez0 ~fk| ylcchok ~fk nkym~ mg ~fk M~~mbhe Dhh`# ~fkz~mtkfm{zk mg ~fk Gtkejf"Jmez{ch~k k~j%

^fk| ke~ zm ght hz ~m olwk htbz ~m ~fk Yhcl`htkz le m~fktmtnz ~m ~fk dhenl~z fm gmtb ~fk Otkk` ymy{chjk mg Zb|bh%^fk| ohwk ~fkb ~m ~fklt lwkz ~mm# hen ~fk ch~~kt {zkn ~fkb~m m{~thok ~fk jmtyzkz mg ~fk ^{t`z# ylckn {y h~ ~fk M~~mbhe g

%fmzyl~hc% #^fk z~tkk~z jme~le{k ~m dk ~fk zjkek mg kwkt| jtlbk henjmhtnc| nkkn lbholehdck%He mcn ^{t`lzf Jmcmekc# lcc hen x{hzl lbym~ke~# lz kejm{e"% ~ktkn d| ~fk Ynl`htku ~hf~ lz ~m zh| dthwhz,0 fk lz tlnnckn

l~f dh|mek~ m{enz% H~ ~fk oh~kz mg ~ fk ~me# ~ftkk {ehtbknokenhtbkz ht k ntlwleo fmbk ykhjkhdc|# x{l~k {ehhtk mg fh~lz omleo me le Zb|teh 1 fk| htk bhzzhjtkn l~f kwkt| tkglek"bke~ mg jt{kc~|%

Le hem~fkt ychjk# he mggljkt mg m{t ehw| zkkz h Otkk`yh~tmc ckhnleo hh| he mcn bhe# h jmtymthc z~tl`leo flb me~fk fkhn l~f ~fk d{~~ ken mg flz o{e%%

$_f| htk |m{ z~tl`leo he mcn nlzhtbkn bhe cl`k ~fh~=fk hz`kn ~fk jmtymthc%$

$Dkjh{zk fk lz h nheoktm{z bhe% Htbz ktk gm{en leflz fm{zk%$

$_fh~ htbz=$L~ ~{tekn m{~ ~fh~ ~fkzk ht bz jmezlz~kn mg 499 othbbkz

mg zbhcc zfm~# 899 othbbkz mg zfmm~leo ymnkt hen ~m kby~|jht~tlnok jhzkz (

Zmbk~lbkz# Bhtz b{z~ olwk ychjk ~m Bktj{t|% Hz yh~tmczktk jltj{ch~leo le ~fk z~tkk~z# fmekz~ Otkk`z m{cn mggkt ~m/ o{lnk ~fkb ~m ~fk fm{zk mg z{jf hen h nheoktm{z bhe% fmb" ~fk| m{cn lenljh~k% Hz ~flz nheoktm{z bhe# d| zmbk fhyy|jfhejk# hch|z ~{tez m{~ ~m dk ~fk jtknlgmt mg flz nkem{ejkt#/ flh hjjn{e~ lz zmme zk~~Lkn%

" 4 "

tkjklwk em~fleo ~m kh~ mt ntle`% Keoclzf mggljktz omleo ~m wlzl~~fkb# ytm~kz~ hohlez~ ~flz lef{bhel~|% Hchtbkn ~fk Otkk`blcl~ht| h{~fmtk~lkz hccm ~fk ^{t`lzf mbke ~m jhtt| gmmn ~m~fk jhy~lwkz0 fke ~fk| ytkzke~ ~fkbzkcwb l~f ~fklt ytmwl"zlmez# Otkk` |m{~fz akkt h~ ~fkb# {ewklc ~fkb hen mec| ck~~fkb yhzz lg ~fk| jhtt| le ~fklt fhenz h yhykt gcho l~f ~fkocmtlm{z jmcm{tz mg ~ fk Fkcckekz%

Z{jf lz ~fk ~t {~f hdm{~ ~fk hbd{zjhnk mg Zb|bh# henk fm' ~ fh ~ l~ lcc dk dtm{of~ ~m clof~ le zyl~k mg hcc ~fmzkfm ohle d| l~ z dkleo flnnke {enkt h d{zfkc% ^fk dhchejk zfkk~mg ~f k ke~t| mg ~ fk Otkk`z le~m Zte|teh hb mf~ h ~m :99 ^{t znkhn hen 799 m{enkn%

^flz lz fm ~fk Gtkejf yhyktz tkch~k ~flz bkbmthdck nh| 1" $^fk Otkk` ~tmmyz chenkn h~ Zb|teh le ~fk blnz~ mg {el"wktzhc"ke~f{zlhzb%$# Fmkwkt ~fk ke~f{zlhzb mg/ ~fk gltz ~ bmbke~ dkoleeleo~m! jmmc nme ~fk jmbbhenkt mg ~fk Fkcckelj ~tmmyz dkohe ~mmenkt lg le zyl~k mg ~ fk dclen yflcfkcckeclzb mg ~fk Ke~ke~k#~fk hgghlt mg Zb|teh blof~ em~ tkwmc~ ~fk y{dclj# lg ~fk ch~~ktjhbk ~m `em fh~ fhn ~h`ke ychjk% Zm l~ ~fm{of~ l~ lzk ~mgmtkz~hcc l~z jtl~ljz# hen y{dclzfkn he mtnkt dchbleo ~fk jme"n{j~ mg $zmbk whohdmenz$ ~m fmb ~fk Jm{ejlc mg ht m{Ln

1 zkk ~fh~ a{z~ljk hz nmek% _k htk x{l~k jkt~hle ~fh~ ~fkzk whoh"dmenz fhwk em~fleo ~m gkht kl~fkt gtmb ~fk tmyk m t ~fk ohccmz#tljfc| ~fk| fhwk nkzktwkn ~fkb# hen ~fh~ me ~f k jme~tht|#~fk| lcc fkejkgmt~f clwk fmem{tkn hen gtkk gtmb jhtk%

^fk kwke~o mg Zb|teh# tm~k ~fk ^{t`lzf am{tehc $Fnl.zh~$me ~flz z{dakj~# fhwk zfme ~fh~ Otkkjk lz em~ mec| lejhyhdckmg {enkt~h`leo h bhenh~k mwkt hem~fkt jm{e~t| d{~ ~f h~ zfkfktzkcg ekknz ~m dk jme~tmcckn$%

Lg k lzf /~y `em ~fk mylelme mg he Htbkelhe fm jhefhtnc| dk z{zykj~kn mg h otkh~ yht~lhcl~| gmt ~fk ^{t`z# ~flzlz fm# fk hyytkjlh~kz ~fk kvycml~z mg ~fk nkzjkenhe~z mgYktljc7z%

$_k fhwk mg~ke dkke hzzhzzleh~kn# zh|z fk ehlwkc| d{~


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ekwkt fhwk ~fk ^{t`z ~tkh~kn {z hz ~fk Otkk`z %fhwk ~tkh~kn~fkb hen ekwkt fhwk ~fk| lez{c~kn m{t dkclkgz le z{jf h bheekt%

" Ck~ { z ckhwk ~fk glehc mtn ~m ~fk jflkg mg mek mg ~fk nlwl"/ "%l#lmez mg ~fk zx { m e# fmzk tkymt~ jmejc{nkz ~f{z 1% %% 5 # $^fk jmen{j~ mg ~fk Otkk`z whz loemdck%$L%cl C

^fk| wke~> mg Bhoekzlk%% %^m ^fklt Kvjkcckejlkz ~fk Flof Jmbblzzlmektz mg% L Oth~ Dtl~'# mg ~f k [el~kn Z~h~kz mg Hbktljh#! mg L~hc| hen mg `hew z~ Jmez~he~lemyck%

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^fk h~tmjl~lkz mg hcc `lenz {enktomek nhlc| d|"m{t gkccmjl~lqkez clwleo le ~f k Fkcckelj qmek mg m jj{yh ~lme# tkhj f h yl~jffljf m{of~ ~m bh`k ~fk bmz~ dchzk zf{nnkt l~f lenloeh~lme%[yme ~fk bmz~ hdz{tn ytk~kv~z ~fk Otkk` jm{t~"bht~lhcz a{nokhen jmenkbe ~m nkh~f eektmyz _ ` z % ^fk hdhbleh~lmezfljf ~mm` ychjk# fke ~fk Otkk` ~tmmyz ke~ktkn Bhelzzh&Bhoedlh,# z~lcc jme~le{k mbk ~fhe kwkt% Gmtkleo g{ej~l"/ kehtlkz fm htk em~ dclenkn d| he| yht~lhcl~| eh~{thcc| mdzktwk

~fkzk nmleoz hen bh`k h em~k mg ~fkb %^m olwk mec| h gk kvhbyckz mg ~fk jtlbkz mg ~fk Otkk z#k zfhcc jl~k ~fk gmccmleo ghj~z%B% Bm{z~zyfh Dk|# zme mg Jf{`tl Dk|# mek mg ~fk em~hdl"cl~lkz mg Bhelzzh# hz hzzhzzleh~kn le h jmhtnc| bheekt# flzdmn| hz gm{en m{~zlnk ~fk ~mwe%B%Bkbbkn Dk|# gcm{t bktjf he~# bk~ ~f k zhb k ~tholj ken%

Flz dmn| hczm hz tkjmwktkn h ~ zmbk nlz~hejk gtmb ~f k ~meh ~ _ j `Dkfc{c Fhzzhe# mg Bmcch Jfhdhe hen flz glwk jmbyhelmezfm ktk omleo ~m mt` le ~fklt wlek|htnz ktk httkz~kn hendkh~ke d| Otkk` zmcnlktz% Hg~kt fhwleo {enktomek whtlm{z~mt~{tkz ~fk {egmt~{eo~kz ktk zf{~ {y le ~fk {enktotm{enn{eokme mg ~fk jke~thc ymcljk z~h~lme mg Mzbhel7 h~ Bhelzzhhen tkbhlekn ~fktk# l~fm{~ dtkhn mt h~kt gmt ~ftkk nh|z% ^fkOtkk`z lzfkn ~m dhelzf Dkfc{c Fhhzhe hen flz gtlkenz gtmb~fk mjj{ylkn qmek hen zken ~fkb ~m Yhenktbh% D{~ fhwleo

ekl~fkt ~fk yf|zljhc z~tkeo~f emt ~fk ykj{elht| bkhez ekjkz" W LMCH^KN BMZX[KZ


24/62

zh t| gmt ~flz am{tek|# ~fk| ~mm` tkg{ok h ~ H`"Flzzht0 hentkymt~kn l~f ~khtz le ~fklt k|kz ~fk mnlm{z ~tkh~bke~ fljf~fk| fhn z{ggktkn gtmb ~fk Fkcckekz%

H em~hdlcl~|# Bkfbkn Dk| Dhjfqhnd# hz zkwktkc| dkh~kehen lz z~lcc jmeglekn ~m dkn%

^fk nh| mg ~fk yktx{lzl~lme mg htbz ktk hczm dkh~kel~f lejtknldck wlmckejk 1 B% F{zzkle Hnhehcl QhnD# em~hdlcl~|mg Bhelzzh# @lhblc B{g~l Qhn7# em~hdlcl~|# " dthflb B{g~lQhnkd nky{~| bhamt# " mcofm{t F{zzkle# @hntl Ofltl~cl QhnD%^flz chz~ otlkwm{zc| m{enkn le ~fk fkhn ghle~kn% ^fkOtkk`z ~fle`leo flb nkhn# ~{tekn m{~ flz ymj`k~z# z~mck flzbmek|# &;99 y% ^`% hen dkzlnkz zhj`kn flz fm{zk% @hntl Oftl~clQhnd lz em {enktomleo ~tkh~bke~ h~ ~fk fmzyl~hc mg Zb|bh%

_k hnn ~m ~fk ytkzke~ ck~~kt h clz~ jme~hleleo ~fk ehbkzmg m~fk t em~hdlcl~lkz hen le~kcckj~{hcz mg ~fk jm{e~t| fm ktkhttkz~kn l~fm{~ he| ych{zldck tkhzme%

Zm bhe| jtlbkz jmbbl~~kn# zm bhe| ~mt~{tkz legclj~kneh~{thcc| kvhzykth~kn le ~fk flofkz~ nkotkk ~fk B{zz{cbhelefhdl~he~z mg m{t jmbb{ek% Ekwkt~fkckzz ~fk ch~~kt# olwleoytmmg mg ~fk emdck jfhthj~kt mg ~ fk ^{t`lzf eh~lme# ytkzktwkh yh~lkejk ~t{c| bmz~ menktg{c% D{~ l~ lz ~m dk gkhtkn ~fh~~fk jme~le{h~lme mg ~fk Fkcckelj h~tmjl~lkz bh| mwktkvjl~ky{dclj mylelme hen glehc| mdclok ~fk B{zz{celhez ~m hdhenme~fklt yhzzlwk h~~ l~{nk% ^fk tkzymezldlcl~| mg z{jf h tlzleo jm{cn~fktkgmtk mec| dk lby{~kn ~m ~fk Otkk`z hcmek%

_k ytm~kz~ ~fke kektok~ljhcc| hen l~f lenloeh~lme hoh"lez~ ~fk nmleoz mg ~ fk Fkcckelj htb| fljf zlejk l~z chenleo#fhz em~ jkhzkn h bmbke~ gtmb yktyk~th~leo ~fk bmz~ {efkhtnmg hdmbleh~lmez%

Le ~fk ehbk mg a{z~ljk hen f{bhel~| k hna{tk ~fk Otkh~Ymktz ~m {zk ~fklt h{~fmtl~| ~m mtnkt ~ fk kwhj{h~lme mg m{tdkcmwkn jm{e~t|# ~fh ~ %k jm{cn ekwkt dkht ~m zkk z{dbl~~kn#kwke ~kbymthtlc|# ~m gmtkloe nmbleh~lme%

#Gmccm 79 zloeh~{tkz%%

H` bkznaln% #Fhnanah"nacht%H|whq Yhjfh nahbl%"" ^fk jmewke~z @keql# hen @hdh` Fhna7% /

Hcc ~fk bmzx{kz hen tkclolm{z lez~l~{~lmez mg Bkelzzh# e{b"dktleo hdm{~ 8;9#fhwk dkke wlmch~kn d| ~fk Otkk` htb|#/ ~fkltnmmtz ktk gmtjkn le hen ~fklt gcmmtz ~mte *{y#~fklt jhtyk~hz~mcke mt znckn# ~fklt lenmz dtm`ke hen ~fklt lezlnk hccznkghjkn# ^fk mtz~ nhbhokn bmzx{kz mg ~fk ~me htk ~fkgmccmleo/1

Z k b bkznaln% / O{e7 nahbl%^jfh~hc nahbl% Nlcjfl`ht%@keql nahbl% Nkt7 bkznaln%Bm{thnlM% Elgcl Qhn7%

^fk zjfmmn mg ^fkmcmo| Zlehe hen ~fk jkbk~kt| ^kfh~hc#@hdtltj~he# htk wlmch~kn# nkglckn hen nk~ktlmth~kn%

L /

^kckothb gtmb ~fk Nky{~|"Omwktemt mg H`"KLlzzhtnh~kn :tn A{c| 8


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^fk Bhzzhjtkz mg Dktohbmhen mg Bkekbke

Bkbmtlhc {yme kwke~z mg [ktohbm%^fk Otkk` jme~leoke~ hnwhejleo le ~f k nltkj~lme mg BDek"

bke mjj{ylkn l~fm{~ tkzlz~hejk# me ~fk 84~f A{ek# ~fk ~memg Dktohbm hen ~f k mwktcmm`leo fklof~z%

^fk jmbbhenhe~ mg ~flz zbhcc nk~hjfbke~ fhwleo olwkehzz{thejkz ~fh~ ~fk Fkcckelj Omwktebke~ hzz{bkn ~fk bmthchen bh~ktlhc tkzymezldlcl~| gmt he| cmzzkz hen lcc"~tkh~bke~fljf blof~ dk jh{zkn ~m ~fk ymy{ch~lme# ytlwh~k yktzmez hzkcc hz g{ej~lmehtlkz jme~le{kn ~m om hdm{~ ~fklt d{zlekzz%

Me ~fk hyycljh~lme mg ~fk cmjhc Omwktebke~ h ^{t`lzfokenhtbk hz h~~hjfkn ~m dk ~fk Otkk` blcl~ht| yh~tmczjfhtokn l~f ~f k ytkzktwh~lme mg mtnkt le ~fk ~me% Hc~fm{ofhcc ke~ emtbhcc| n{tleo ~fk hj~{hc mjj{yh~lme# ~fk Otkk`zmcnlktz# ~fk mggljktz zk~~leo ~fk kvhbyck# dkohe gtmb ~fk gltz~nh|z ~m yktyk~th~k jtlbkz# ylcchokz# hen hzzh{c~z me ^{t`lzfmbke%

^fk nh| gmccmleo ~fk mjj{yh~lme# ~fk| `lcckn BkfbknKble# bm{e~ht mg ~fk wlcchok mg ^k`kc|# fhcg h e fm{t/z nlz"~hejk gtmb Dktohbm hen jhttlkn mgg ~fk jh~~ck ~fk| gm{enle ~fk wlcchok hen le ~fk eklofdm{tfmmn mg Dktohbm0 ~fk|zkx{kz~ktkn hen ~mm` ymzzkzzlme mg h88 ~fk jktkhcz dkcmeoleo~m ~fk ymy{Lh~lme hen nkz~tm|kn fh~ ~fk| jmecn em~ ~h`k%H yh~tmc mg Otkk` zmcnlktz gkcc {ym e~fk ght b mg ^m{qnal Bm"{z~hyfh ekht ~fk ~me hen ylcchokn flz g{tel~{tk# jhttlkn mggflz jh~~ck hen nkz~tm|kn flz jtmyz% Ekht ~fk ~me ~fk| `lcckn#tlnncleo ~fkb l~f dh|mek~z# gm{t {egmt~{eh~kz fmzk lnke~l~|

Otkk` zmcnlktz httkz~kn Hdn{tthfbhe Hofh fm hz omdo~m flz glkcnz hen kv~mt~kn gtmb flb 869 ^{t`lzf ym{enz ledhe` em~kz0 :9 ym{enz le omcn ktk z~mcke gtmb mek yktzmehen ~fk tleo gtmb hem~fkt%

Le ~fk wlcchokz mg ^jfhte"`k{| hen Zkenkc ~fk mbkektk hzzh{c~kn hen hcc ~fk jh~~ck dkcmeoleo ~m ~fk yjhzhe~zz~mcke%

Le ytkzkejk mg ~fkzk loemblelkz ~fk ymy{ch~lme ~kckothyfknme ~fk 8;~f% A{ek ~m ~ fk tkytkzke~h~lwkz mg ~ fk Ke~ ke~k h~Zb|teh hen nkbhenkn a{z~ljk hen ytm~kj~lme% Em tkyc| whztkjklwkn%

^fke myytkzzlme hen ~|thee| dkohe ~m dk kvktjlzkn l~fbmtk gmtjk ~fhe kwkt% Dhenz mg Otkk` dtlohenz# fm fhnhjjmbyhelkn ~fk ~tmmyz mt fhn chenkn h~ H|hqbken# Nl`lclhen kczkfktk# dkohe ~ m ylcchok hcc ~fk z{ttm{enleo wlcchokz#jhttlkn mgg hcc ~fk helbhcz mt he|~fleo kczk ~fk| gm{en hen~fkb ~m Bk~kcle%

Gmccmleo me ~fkzk kwke~z ~fk ymy{ch~lme mg Dktohbm#fmzk clwkz hen fmem{t ktk ~ftkh~kekn# tmzk le h dmn| henle zyl~k mg legktlmt e{bdktz hen ~fk ytkjhtlm{z z~h~k mg l~zhtbz z{jjkknkn le ntlwleo m{~ ~fk Otkk` dh~~hclme# fljffhn ~m ckhwk f{ttlknc| le jmeg{zlme% ^fk ocmtlm{z Fkcckelj zmc"nlktz ~fke ~mm` tkwkeok d| bhzzhjtleo ~fk leemjke~ lefhdl"~he ~z# d| nkz~tm|leo ~fk ^{t`lzf wlcchokz# me ~ fklt Llek mgtk~tkh~% Bmtk ~fhe ~m ~fm{zhen B{zz{cbhez ktk ~f{z hzzhz"zleh~kn%

^fk nh| hg~kt ~fk Otkk` tk~tkh~ gtmb Dktohbm h gmtjk mggm{t ~fm{zhen dhenl~z hz chenkn gtmb Bk~kcle# h ~ Nl`lcl fktkl~ gltz~ `lcckn zkwkthc f{entkn B{zz{cbhez0 hbmeoz~ m~fktz~fk kcc `eme bktjfhe~ u h l ` 0fk ~kckothyf nltkj~mt Hzzlb#~fk z~mj`"dtm`kt Hcl hen flz zme Fhclc# ~fk Hbhwmln Zhnl k~k%

^flz gmtjk bhtjfkn me Dktohbm ylccholeo# zhj`leo# bhz"zhjtleo hcc me l~z h|% ^f{z ~fk wlcchokz @ltl`cht# Zhofhenal%Zh``k{|# @hchtfoh# ^jfhb"`k{|# Hchnahcht# ^k`kc|# Zkenkc

ktk nkwhz~h~kn ~m z{jf h ymle~ ~fh~ kwke ~fklt zl~kz ktk KV^THJ^Z GTMB H TKYMT^


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{enlzjmwkthdck hen hcc ~fklt lefhdl~he~z# kwke ~m ~fk dhdlkzle ~fk jthnckz# ktk y{~ ~m ~fk zmtn%

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mg Bkekbke gmthtnkn ~m ~fk Tkytkzke~h~lwkz mg ~fk HcclknYmktz h~ Zb|teh%

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~f k Jmbbhenhe~ le yktzme mg ~f k Fkcckelj gmtjkz% _k nkbhendkgmtk hcc ~fk kvkbycht| y{elzfbke~ mg ~flz bmez~kt%

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- ~f h~ ~f k| fhn dkke ytkyhtkn ~m fkht mg ~fk bmz~ lejtknldckfmttmtz%

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8 kwke~z le ~fklt me ghzflme% G

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8 chen Dhlnlt% Me ~fk :8z~ Bh| 8


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^fk Fmttmtz mg ~fk Whcck|mg Bkhentk# Hcnle# Ehqlcc l Nkelqcl%

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7% Me ^{tznh| 8


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nkt hjjmbyhelkn d| Hdn{tthfbhe Dk|# omwktemt mg H/lnle#Fh``l Dk|# ytkzlnke~ mg ~fk Jm{t~ mg hyykhc# hen d| ~fk em~h"

f Bcl~lkz Lqqk~ Dk|# %httlwkn h ~ EhqlcLl% D| h c{j`| jfhejk ~f kL~hclhe Jmbbhenhe~ mg Okenhtbktlk Bt% Jhtwlzzlel hz hczm~fktk% ^mok~fkt ~fk| bhnk he lex{lt| le~m ~fk Otkk` h~tmjl~lkz%Dkzlnkz ~fk kwlnkejk mg ~ fk Jft lz~lhez ~fkbzkcwkz# ~fk| jm{cnzkk me ~fklt yhzzhok fkhyz mg ^{t`lzf jmtyzkz ~mte ~ m ylkjkzd| Otkk` zmcnlktz% ^fk ghj~z ktk zm tkwmc~leo ~fh~ Bt% Fmnktjm{cn em~ fkcy kvytkzzleo y{dcljc| dkgmtk h chtok h{nlkejk h~~fk ~me Fhcc# flz lenloeh~lme% h ~ ~ fk {ea{z~lglhdck loemblelkzyktyk~th~kn d| ~fk Otkk` jmbbhenhe~ hen zmcnlktz%

89% ^fk B{zz{cbhe ymy{ch~lme kvykj~kn ~m zkk ~fkzk Fkc"ckelj jtlblehcz y{elzfkn% X{l~k me ~fk jme~tht| gtmb ~fk 48z~~m ~fk :9 ~f mg A{ek ~fk Otkk`z ohwk gtkk jm{tzk ~m ~fkltwlcchlelkz# hen ~f k ~me mg/~cl/nle dkjhbk ~fk gtlof ~g{c ~fkh~ tkmg ~fk bmz~ mnlm{z jtlbkz ~f h~ ~ fk heehcz mg yhz~ kt hz fhwkkwkt tkolz~ktkn% G ltkz # nkz~t{j~lme mg ~mez hen wlcchokz# yk"myck bhc~tkh~kn# b{~lLh~kn# m{enkn# d{~jfktkn# d{te~ hclwk#~mte ~m ylkjkz# em~fleo hz/ he~leo% ^fk| bhzzhjtkn glg~|^{t`z h~ @ktbkenal`# d{~jfktkn cl`k jh~~ck m~fkt zlv le ~fk~thle omleo ~m Hl/nle# ~ftmleo m{~ ~fklt nkhn dmnlkz hcc hcmeo~fk thlch| clek% ^fk| d{te~ h88 ~fk wlcchokz mg ~f k tkolme#bhzzhjtleo ~fklt lefhdl~hehz% Mec| h gk mg ~fkzk ymmt ~kt tl"glkn ykhzhe~z ktk hdck ~m zhwk ~fklt clwkz d| ~h`leo tkg{okle ~fk t{ookn bm{e~hlez% H~ H/lnle le ~fk myke z~tkk~# ~fk|z~myykn ~fk ykhzhe~z# zfmktleo dcmz me ~fkb# tlnncleo ~fkbl~f dh|mek~z {enkt ~fk wkt| k|kz mg ~fk lefhdl~he~z% ^fk|"zf{~ {y ~fk ymmt jtkh~{ tkz le {enktotm{en jkcchtz l~fm{~hlt# clof~ mt gmmn gmt zkwkthc nh|z% ^m ~fkzk fmttldck nkknzhtk hnnkn ~fk wl hf lk z mg eh~lwk Otkk` dhenl~z htbkn d| Fkc"Lbkelj h{~fmtl~| % Zh gk~| em cmeokt kvlz~kn% ^ fk ^{t`z jcmzkn~fklt zfmyz# ckg~ ~fklt hgghltz# henle flz me fm{zk% H nkckoh~lme zke~

khjf ~tlkn ~m ~h`k zfkc~kt~m ~fk Otkk` Jmbbhenhe~

^{t`lzf ymy{ch~lme% %# % L"% %88% M~fkt zloez hczm gmtk~mcn ~fk jmbleo nkz~fj~ll0lg 7g

Hlnle chen ~fk bhzzhjtk mg l~z lefhdl~he~z% H eh~lwk Otkk`zfmjteh`kt# Blfhch`l# fm hz yktzmeh ot h~ h l~f ~fk Fkcckeljh{~fmtl~lkz zhln ~m Nahedhq Qhnd Hcl Kggkenl me ~flz z{dakj~~fh~ $~fk Otkk` Omwktebke~ m{cn yktfhyz kwhj{h~k Hlnle#d{~ ~fh~ ~fmzk fm m{cn mjj{y| l~# m{cn glen em~ h bheclwleo emt h fm{zk z~henleo$% Bmtkmwkt# zmbk m~fkt eh~lwkOtkk`z hbmeoz~ ~fkb Nt% Fhtlchtlnlz# Nt% M{tohenal"Mocm{#~fk bktjfhe~ ^ f ` f h t l z tkykh~kn me h88 Luh enz $Hf# |m{hhl ~ ~fk fkcy mg ~f k C~hDhez# |m{ lcc zkk fm |m{ lcc dky{elzfkn$% ^fk Otkk`z fhwleo .lzmch~knHlnle# mtnktkn ~fk eme"b{z{cbhez# Akz# Htbkelhez% hen m~fktz# ~ m kvjfheok ~fkltgkq &^{t`lzf fkhnntkzz, gmt fh~z% ^fk| nkjchtkn ~fh~ ~fk|m{cn hjkky~ em tkzymezldlLl~| gm t ~f k ^lk mg ~fmzk % fm nlnem~ jmbyL| l~f ~flz mtnkt%

8:% Me ^f{tznh| ~fk 47~f mg A{ek# ~fk Otkk` jmbbhenhe~hzzkbdckn ~fk ^{t`z le ~fk jm{t~ mg ~fk omwktebke~ d{lcncleozhen z{bbmekn ~fkb ~m fhen mwkt l~fle 86 fm{tz ~fk zlv ~fm{"zhen tlgckz fljf ~fk| zfm{cn ymzzkzz1 $Lg h zleock mek lz blz"zleo# |m{ lcc hcc dk zfm~$# fk ~mcn ~fkb% /Hen cf le ~ftkh~keleo~mek fk hnnkn $~fk Otkk` mjj{yh~lme Lz em~ h~ hcc mg h ~kb"ymtht| eh~{tk# l~ lz ~fk nkglel~lwk heekvh~lme mg Hlnae ~mOtkkjk$% ^fk omwktemt Hd n{ bf bh e Dk|# ytmblzkn flb ~mnm hcc le flz ymkt ~ m jmcckj~ /~ fk htbz ~fh~ ~fk ymy{ch~lmeblof~ ymzzkzz# d{~ fk ntk ~fk h~~ke~lme mg ~fk FkFkelj jmb"bhenhe~ ~m ~fk bhzzhjtkz hen z|z~kbh~lj kvhj~lmez "fljfjme~le{kn# dm~f le ~fk ~me hen le ~fk#wlcc~okz# hen mdzktwkn~f h~ ~fk jltj{ch~lme mg htbkn eh~lwk Otkk`z hen ~fklt lmez~ he~blznkknz ktk em~ cl kc| ~ m ghjlcl~h~k flz ~h`z% ^fk Otkk` jmt`bhenhe~# l~fm{~% nke|leo ~fkzk jtl fkz mec| !zhln ~f' "flztkzmc{~lme hz ~h`ke hen flz mtnkt jh~komtljn%

8:% Me Gtlnh| ~fk 4?~f mg A{ek# ~fk {zfktz mg ~fk omwkte"bke~ mggljkz hen ~fk ekv~ nh| ~fk omwktemt Hdn{bhfbheDk|# ~fk ytkzlnke~ mg ~f k Jm{t~ mg Hyykhc# bk y{dclj yv+kx`

~mt# ~fk em~hdlcl~lkz Lqqk~# Fhnal Hfbzn Dk|z hen ~fk z{twk|mt z{b{enleco wlcchokz% &D{~ ~fk| wkb em~ ~fk mec| l~ekzzkz#chen ~fk uKttoclzfmggljkt Bt% Fdnkt lz kcc lccgmtbkn h d { ~


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mg ~hvkz Mbkt Dk|# ~fk Nt% Em{t| Dk| hen bhe| m~fkt yktzmezktk httkz~kn% ^fk nkhn dmnlkz mg bmz~ mg ~fkb ktk gm{enzmbk ch|z ch~kt le ~fk bm{e~hlez# d{~ ~fk gh ~k mg ~fk m~fkt{egmt~{eh~kz tkbhlez {eème ~m ~flz nh|%

8>% Me ~fk 4< ~f% mg A{ek ~fk Otkk` jmbbhenhe~ fhwleo~tlkn ~m kejltjck d| z{tytlzk ~fk eh~lmehc ^{t`lzf gmtjkz# jme"jke~th~kn #~m ~f k zm{~f mg B`hentk0 h dh~~ck dkohe% Me &Bmenh|#A{ek :9~f h ~ 88 m/jcmj` le ~fk bmteleo# hg~kt h jmbdh~ mg gm t~|fm{tz# ~fk eh~lmehc gmtjkz ke~ktkn ~fk ~me% ^fk jhcwht| mg ~fk^{t`lzf lefhdl~he~z mg Hlnle n{tleo ~fkzk ~m nh|z jheem~ dknkzjtldkn% ^fk Otkk` zmcnlktz# hlnkn d| ~fk eh~lwk Otkk`z zk~gltk ~m ~fk ^{t`lzf x{ht~ktz# zfm~ l~f tlgckz hen bhjfleko{ez# hcc ~fk {egmt~{eh~kz# mbke# jflcntke# mcn bke# fm~tlkn ~m kzjhyk gtmb ~fk gltk hen fm z{jj{bdkn le ~fk blnz~mg ~fk gchbkz% L~ hz mek h| mg ok ~~leo tln mg ~fkl t jmtyzkz#~fk lttkg{~hdck ytmmg mg ~fklt bmez~t{m{z loemble|%

8;% F{entknz mg ymmt ykmyck ~mm` tkg{ok le ~fk GtkejfOltc/z Zjfmmc0 gm{ t Gtkejf mggljktz mg o~enhttektlk# ~f k fmem"th t| jmez{c mg Gthejk # Bt% Whzlch`l# h eh~lwk Otkk`# ~fk zlz~ktzmg ~fk Jh~fmclj Zjfmmc# hz kcc hz Bt% Fmnkt ktk k|k"l~ekzzkzmg ~fkzk lejtknldck jtlbkz%

87% Le zyl ~k mg ~f k jmbycljl~| hen hzzmjlh~lme mg ~fk eh~lwkOtkk`z le ~ fk yktyk~th~lme mg ~fkzk jelbkz# ~fk eh~lmehc gmtjkzme tk~h tleo ~fk ~me# nln em~ h ~~kb y~ ~m hwkeok ~fkbzkcwkz me~fkzk yktglnlm{z hen b{tnktm{z jmbyh~tlm~z% Me ~fk jme~tht|~fk| ytmj{tkn zfkc~kt gmt ~fkb %le ~fk ~mez em~ mjj{ylkn d|~fk Otkk`z# hz ~fkl t me ~kz~lbme| ytmwkz%ybcglnllm{z hen "b{tnktm{z jmbyh~tlm~z% Me ~fk jme~tht| ~fk|tytmtj{tkn zfkc~kt gmt ~fkb le ~fk ~mez em~ j{ylkn d| ~fkOtkk`z# hz ~fklt me ~kz~lbme| ytmwkz%

8?% ^fk ytkzlnke~ mg ~fk ^tld{ehc _h``l Dk|# ~fk h~fmt"ek|+obkthc Jfkwj k~ Dk| hen ~fk em~hdlcl~| Lqb~ Dk| fm fhn/`ke ~h`ke hh| %d| ~fk Otkn`z# ktk cbzhzneh~kn /d| ~fkb#~m '~tm| ~fk ytmmgz ~f h~ ~fkzk {egmt~{eh~kz fhn dkke zm lcc"hlnwlzkn hz ~m jmcckk~ jmejkte/leo ~fk 'kz mg Ehaqlccl hen ~f k

~fkb% ^fk wlj~lbz hg ~lfk 0~me mtg #Hlnle# e{bdkt hudj{L~>>99#bmw ~dhe >999 mg fmb h b LB{zz{fbz# hen mec| ~fktk mtgm{t f{entkn eme B{zz{fhez% ^fk bh~ln nhtehz lz whL{#knh~ bmtk fhe 84 n\ lw mg ^{t`lzf y b n z # ~fh~ lz bmtk ~ f he4;9 blcclmez mg gthejz%

_ k dtleo ~m ~f k èmcknok h ~fk jlwlclzkn mtl/n ~fkzkhm~z mg h~tmjl~| hen mg dhndhtlzb% /Gtmb Zme|teh hz ghv hz Eh"hlc/cl h8> ~fk ~mez# w/lccchokz# fhbck~z chtk d{~ h fkhy mg t{lezhen hzfkz% Bmz~ mg ~fkb zjhtjkc| flnk hbmeoz~ ~fklt z~lcczblmlò nkdtlz# ~fk jhtdjblzckn jmeyzkz# ~fk d`nfo b b h fmg dd{zhenz# mg ~kez mg ~fm{zhenz mg 4ymmt leemjke~ ykmyck#jlg mbke# mg jflcntke# mg mcn/bke zhjtlgljkn ~m ~fk gktmjl~| mg~fk Fkcccke` fmtnkz% F{entknz mg ~fm{zhenz mg t ' { # o z~ncbmb ''kn# htk em henktleo le ~fk bm{e~hlez l~fu{~zfkc`kt l~fm{~ bz/~leo"ychjk# l~fh{~ D n # bmthcc| hen yf|zl"jh/clc| jh z~ nme# 8_fo ytmmgz mg ~f k Ob' jtlbkz% Hen gt{b Shcc ~lflz nkwhz~h~kn tkolme tlzkz ~mnh| h j t| mg ~kttldck nlz~tkzz%^fk| hyykhc gmt hln hen ytm~kj~lme# d{~ ~fk nkqn hz kcc hz~fk clw/lo nkbhen mek ~fleo hdmwk hcc0 a{z~/l%

Ck~~kt hnntkzzkn d| Jf{`tl Dk|# jmbbhenhe~ mg ~fk e h u~lmen gmtjkz# ~m ~f k jmbbhenhe~ mg ~fk L~hclhe jme~leoke~zmg ^jfleD# ~m dm gmthtnkn ~m ~fk Tkytkzke~h~lwkz mg L~hc|# ~fk[el~kn Z~h~kz#Keochen hen Gthejk%

^fk Otkk`z# fm fhwk hjtj{ylkn Hc' hen ~fk z{ttm{enleowolb# fhwk dko{e hg~kt h zfmt~ y k h n/ f | m ythj~lzkl~f he {efkhtn mg zhwhokt| ~fk ymclj| hg ~fk kv~k tbfh~lmeng ~fk ^{t`lzf kckbke~## l~f ~fk mdakj~ mg ` l e o hBk ~m u u then heekv ~fkzk jm{e~tlkz ~fck


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fm ktk mec| omeo hdm{~ ~fklt me d{zlekzz= ^fk| fhwk dkkegltkn {yme l~f dmbdz# tQKkz hen bhjflek o{ez% ^*fck| fhwkdkke jhz~ le~m d{teleo fm{zkz hen /d{te~ hcjlwk0 ~fk| fhwk fhn~fklt k|kz y{~ m{~# ~fklt fakhnz zbhzfkn# dfk| -fhb dkke~ftme le~m kccz0 ^{e`lzf *~thwkccktz ktk ~h`ke m{ ~ mg ~fk~thlez# ~fk mbke hen ~fk |m{eo foltcz wktk wlmch~kn {enkt ~fkk|kz mg ~fklt f{zdhenz hen yhtke~z# ~fk bke hzzhzzlehckn le hdmn|0 hen gmccm/leo me ~flz tkloe n dkttmt# dkjh{zk hg ~fkzkjtlbkz hen ~fkzk buhzzhljtkz ~fk b{zz{cbhe ymy{ch~lme mg~:kn`7 hz ght hz Hlnle# z~tly~ mg l~z dkcmeoleoz# z{ggleo gtmbf { o k t hecn ymwkt~|# fhz fhn ~m ~h`k ucklg{oke ~fk L~hclhe qmek~m ~f k zm{~f mg ~fk B'hentk# flck h yh t~ fhwk ~h`ke tkg{okle dfk bm{e~hlez% _f| ~flz zhwhokt|= _fh~ Jftlz~lhe hzkwkt bmckz~kn le ~fkzk tkolmez d| ~fk b{zz{cbhe ymy{dh~lmemg H/lnle ~fh~ ~ fk ch ~~kt zfm{Ln fhwk nkzktwkn z{jf mnlm{z~tkh~bke~= /Kfk gk Otkk`z jmbk gtmb whtlm{z nltkj~lmez henkz~hdclzfkn h` HHle hen ~fk eklofdm{tfmmn gtmb ~fk dkz~ mgghen fhyylkz~ jchzz hg ~fk ymy{Lh~lme% ^flz fhyylekzz# ~flz k"hc~ f htk ~fk| em~ ~ fk gt{ l~z mg ~f k ommn {enzktz~henleo wl~f#hen dkekwhcke~ hzzlz~hejk ng ~fk ^{tl lzf bhzz= _fm jm{cnnke| ~flz kwlnkejk=% Htk ~fk ^{``z jtkh~{tkz m{~zclnk ~fzk yhLkmg f{bhel ~| ~fh~ ~fck| bch| em~ dk unkf enkn hohlez~ {ea{z~hootkzzlmez= _k hz` ~flz hg ~f k jmezjlkejk mg f{bhel~|% L jhcc~m l~ekzz ~fk L~hclhez# ~fk !Gtkejf# fk Keoclzf fm clwk h~'nle hen fm hch|z fhwk dkke ~tkh~kn em~ h z gmtkloektz d{~hz jmbyh~tlm~z%

L kvfmt~ ~fkb ~m zh| lg ~fk ^{t`lzf wlcchokz *fhwk ~fkltkx{hcz &hbmeoz~ ~fklt eklofdm{tz gmt jhLbekzz hen oke~ckekzzmg /dkfhwlm{t% H ytk| ~m yktglnlm{z h~~hnjz hen ~m he loemdckmyytkzzlme# ~fk ^{tcfz u~m"nh|fhwk eh~{thcc| tkjm{tzk ~m htbz#hen htk nk~ktblekn ~m nkgken ~fhlt clwkz hen ~fklt *jm{e~t|hohlez~ ~fk zhwhok letj{tzlmez mg ~fk Otkk`z%

Le ~f k ehtek mg # ~fk f{bhe ljmcezjylkeujck dko |m{ ~m ~h`kj~lme zm ~fh~ ~fk x{kz~lme mg Hlnle bh| dk z~{nlkn gtmb h f{"

7fk lef'l~he~z bh| tkohle ~fklt tlof~z 'n ~f't c

GREEK ATROCİTİES İN THE VİLAYET OF SMYRNA - MAY TO JULY 1919

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