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• Greece was devastated after the Trojan War.
• Fear and starvation forced people to cooperate for survival.
• City-States were formed, saving Greek culture.
• Sparta was dominated by the military.
• Devoted to the god of war, Ares.
• Sparta was led by two different
kings but reported to aristocrats.
• Little interest in farming,
business, or education.
• Extreme choices were
made to ensure discipline
and obedience.
• Men spent entire lives
in military training.
• Felt comforts made
people weak.
• Spartan women had
more rights than other
Greek women.
• Housework was
given to slaves.
• Controlled people through
force and refused change.
• Sparta’s main rival was Athens.
• Began as small trade port on Aegean Sea.
• Focused on education,
the arts, business, and
government to improve city.
• Devoted to Athena,
goddess of wisdom.
• Athens began as a rich oligarchy, but people were upset and rebelled.
• A tyrant, or dictator, took over.
• People once again rebelled and established the first democracy.
• Democracy allows people to rule themselves.
• “Citizens” had the right to
participate in making decisions.
• All “citizens:”
– Were equal under the law.
– Had free speech.
– Had the right to vote.
• The representative and direct versions
of Democracy were copied by the U.S.
• Athens focused on reforms and
improvement to further society.
• Worked on mind and body.
• Athenian boys received education
and physical training.
• Athenian women had little
to no rights at all.
• Sparta and Athens were extremely different.
• Athens grew rich and powerful
through trade and reform.
• Sparta grew powerful through
military strength and fear.
• The two city-states were forced to
unite against threat; the Persians.
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