GREECE OLD AND NEW - Springer978-1-349-05123-6/1.pdf · from 'Repetz'tions' by Yannis Ritsos) 175 Index 177 v . List of Plates la View of the Zygos or Katara pass from Metsovo: Vlach

GREECE OLD AND NEW

A Iso by Tom Winnifrith

THEBRONTES THE BRONTES AND THEIR BACKGROUND:

Romance and Reality ASPECTS OF THE EPIC (edt/or wtOth Penelope Murray and

Ko Wo Gransden)

Greece Old and New

Edited by Tom Winnifrith and Penelope Murray

For Naomz' and A lexander

© Tom Winnifrith and Penelope Murray 1983 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1983978-0-333-27836-9

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

without permission

First published 1983 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS L TD

London and Basingstoke Companies and representatz'ves

throughout the world

Typeset in Great Brz'tain by Scarborough Typesetting Services

ISBN 978-1-349-05125-0 ISBN 978-1-349-05123-6 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-05123-6

Contents

~~~u ~ List of Maps and Figures Vlll

Acknowledgements IX

Notes on the Contributors Xl

1 Invocation to the Muses Penelope Murray 1 2 Two Archaic Ages of Greece George Forrest 13 3 Homer Today Malcolm Willcock 25 4 Migration and Assimilation in Greece Nicholas

Hammond 39 5 Greeks and Romans Tom Winnijrith 65 6 Greeks and Turks Anthony Bryer 95 7 The Continuity of Hellenism in the Byzantine World:

Appearance or Reality? Robert Browning III 8 Archaeology in Greece Paul Cartledge 129 9 Byron and Greece WilHam St Claz'r 153

10 Greece Old and New Tom Winnijrz'th 169 11 Septeria and Daphnephoria Nikos Stangos (trans,

from 'Repetz'tions' by Yannis Ritsos) 175

Index 177

v

List of Plates

la View of the Zygos or Katara pass from Metsovo: Vlach women in foreground

b View of Malovi~te, Vlach village in Yugoslavia 2a Gold solidus of Heraclius (610-41) and Heraclius

Constantine b Bronze coin of Kiitbiiddin Ilghazi of Mardin (1176-84) c Gold hyperper of John II Komnenos (1118-43) d Bronze coin of Nedjmuddin Alpi of Mardin (1152-76) e Bronze coin of Husamuddin 'Y oluk Arslan' of Mardin

(1184-1200) f Bronze coin of Nasiruddin Mahmud of Kefya (1200-22) g Reverse and observe of 'The Great Ruler of All Romania

(right) and the East, Mehmed (left), the Meltk Danishmend (1084-134)

3a Byzantine and Seljuk capitals assembled in the north porch of the church of the Hagia Sophia, Trebizond, in the 1260s

b W front of Parthenon by Cyriac of Ancona 4a Drawing by Stuart of monument of Lysikrates incorporated

in Capuchin monastery, Athens b Etching by Piranesi of Temple of Hera at Paestum

5a Aerial view of Delphi b Treasury of the Athenians, Delphi

6a Gold death-mask of 'Agamemnon' from Mycenae b Attic red-figure bell-krater from wreck of H.M.S. Colossus c Oriental bronze helmet d Frieze of the Parthenon

7a Drawing by Jacques Carrey of W front of Parthenon

vi

List of Plates

b 1707 engraving of destruction of Parthenon 8a The Athenian Akropolis b Frieze of the Parthenon

vii

Plate 4b is by courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum; plates 3b, 4a and 7b are by courtesy of the Gennadius Library; plate 6c is by courtesy of the German Archaeological Institute, Athens; plate 6b is by courtesy of the Illustrated London News; plates 5a, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8a and 8b are by courtesy of the Mansell Collection and plate 6d is by courtesy of Ronald Sheridan.

List of Maps and Figures

Map 1 Map 2 Map 3 Map 4 Map 5 Map 6 Map 7 Map 8 Map 9

Map 10 Map 11

Pee to Elbasan Kacanik to Verna Radomir to Serres Pogradec to Margariti Verria to Viniani Larissa to Corinth Palaeolithic settlements in the southwest Balkans Cultures of the Middle Neolithic period Distribution of tumuli of Early Helladic and

Middle Helladic date Vlach villages today The Romans in the Balkans

Fig. 1 Plan of Delphi Fig.2 Plan of Olympia Fig. 3 Plan of Athenian Akropolis

viii

54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

62 63 64

137 140 146

Acknowledgements

In 1978 and 1979 the Greek Embassy sponsored a series oflectures at the University of Warwick designed to show the similarities and differences between the history and literature of Ancient and Modem Greece. In publishing these lectures the editors and the University of Warwick would like to thank the Greek Embassy for their generous help, and they would also like to thank their audience for their support through fog, frost and snow, rail strikes, petrol shortages and the railway line buckled in the heat of May which nearly postponed Mr St Clair's lecture for a second time.

In putting on the lectures the Joint School of Classical Civilisa-tion received timely help from Mr J. B. Butterworth, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Warwick, Mrs Eleni Cubitt of the Greek Embassy, the Secretary of the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, the Headmistress of Ursuline Con-vent High School, Brentwood, Mrs Sylvia Seeley, MissJanet Floyd, Miss Joan Miles, Mr Samuel Lieu, Mrs Penny Jefferson, Miss Karen Lawrence, Miss Jessica Wall, Miss Lynne Richards, Miss Eleanor Gurr, Miss Tina Moran, Miss Nicolette Gamer and Miss Alison Keane.

In publishing the lectures the editors would like to thank Mrs Janet Bailey and Mrs Christine Wyman for their admirable typing, Miss Susan Caruth of Macmillan for her sympathetic help, and all contributors for their punctual submission of the printed version of their oral contributions.

It does not require a Milman Parry to detect differences between the various contributors when it comes to providing a written version of their lectures. The editors have felt it right to

ix

x Acknowledgements

leave each contributor free to adopt his own particular stance, between winged words and the printed page, between the popular pamphlet and the learned article. Every,.,iv has its oi. Likewise in trying to impose uniformity in proper names, always a nightmare for writers on Ancient Greece, always torn by the conflicting claims of Classical Greek correctness and Latinate popular usage, the editors have done their best to find a via media in a book com-plicated by the different feelings of different contributors, and by the different contributions of writers on ancient, medieval and modern Greece.

The editors would like to thank Noyes University Press for allow-ing us to reproduce the maps for Professor Hammond's article, and Mr Nikos Stangos for allowing us to print his translation of Ritsos's poem.

The editors and publishers wish to thank the following who have kindly given permission for the use of copyright material: Equinox (Oxford) Ltd, for the figure from The Emergence of Greece by A. E. Johnstone in The Making of the Past series, published by Phaidon Press Ltd, 1976; and Princeton University Press, for the figure from The Stone of Athens, © 1978 by Princeton University Press.

T.W. P.M.

Notes on the Contributors

DR PENELOPE MURRAY is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Warwick.

PROFESSOR GEORGE FORREST is Wykeham Professor of Ancient His-tory at the University of Oxford and is the author of The Emer-gence of Greek Democracy and Ancient Sparta.

PROFESSOR MALCOLM WILLCOCK is Professor of Latin at University College, London and has written a commentary on the Iliad.

PROFESSOR NICHOLAS HAMMOND was formerly Headmaster of Clifton College and Professor of Greek at the University of Bristol. He is well known for his History of Greece and has written books on Epirus and Macedonia.

DR TOM WINNIFRITH, a Senior Lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick, has written books on the Brontes, and has travelled extensively in the Balkans.

PROFESSOR ANTHONY BRYER is Director of Byzantine Studies at the University of Birmingham and organises annually an international symposium of Byzantine scholars. He is principally interested in the Greeks of Anatolia.

PROFESSOR ROBERT BROWNING is Professor of Classics at Birkbeck College, London; his books include Medieval and Modem Greek, justinian and Theodora and Byzantium and Bulgaria.

xi

xii Notes on the Contributors

DR PAUL CARTLEDGE is Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Cambridge, was formerly Lecturer in Classics at the University of Warwick and is the author of Sparta and Lakoma.

WILLIAM ST CLAIR is the President of the Byron Society and the author of a study of philhellenes in the Greek War of Indepen-dence, That Greece Might Still Be Free.

NIKOS STANGOS is himself a poet, and has translated poems by Yannis Ritsos in the Penguin Modem European Poets series.