Graphene

1. GRAPHENE: Application in the Electronic Industry NEOTIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING A SEMINAR BY: SHAUNAK BHATTACHARYA(072) SHRUTI SHREYA(073) SAMUJIT DAS(066) RUCHI. P. LATHIA(064)

2. Contents 1.The Pioneers 2.Introduction 3.Structure of GRAPHENE 4.Properties of GRAPHENE 5.Generation of Bandgaps 6.Applications of GRAPHENE 7.Future Scope 8.References

3. THE PIONEERS

4. INTRODUCTION GRAPHENE is an allotrope of carbon. Researchers are testing various prototypes of graphene which could replace silicon devices. Graphene could possibly replace or enhance current silicon based devices.

5. STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE

6. CONDUCTIVITY(15000 cm^2.V^-1.s^-1) SUPER-ABSORBILITY(2.3% of white light) ELASTICITY(spring constant of 1-5N/m) SUPER STRONG(130 gigaPascals) IMPERMEABILITY(Not even Helium can pass through) PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE

7. ELECTRONICS PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE How do the Pz electrons in graphene behave ??

8. DIRAC EQUATION FOR GRAPHENE

9. FOR USE IN ELECTRONICS : GENERATION OF BANDGAPS Graphene is an uniform structure with no band gap. Band gap can be induced by layers of graphene sheets or applications of external electrical field. Electron mobility is 2500cm^2/s, which is around 100 times faster than silicon. Graphene has great strength and invisible It is photosensitive.

10. APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE Graphene Transistors Ultra Capacitors Graphene Solar Cells Graphene based Sensors Non Volatile Memory Transparent Display Screens Graphene Filters

11. Transistors A bit of hydrogen gas is used to chemically join the top graphene layer with underlying silicon carbide layer

12. Ultra capacitors Multiple layers of graphene can hold greater charge in smaller area. Two electrodes are sandwiched together with a layer of electrolyte in the middle.

13. Graphene in Li-ion batteries While computing power roughly doubles every 18 months , battery Technology is almost at a standstill. The lithium-ion batteries have had their capacity increased by 10 times coz of the addition of graphene.

14. Solar cells Aim to develop a new graphene solar cell which will be thin, light and efficient - up to a 1,000 times more so than silicon based panels.

15. It is seen that high energy photons are converted to larger number of excited electron energy photons. The large scale production of highly transparent graphene films by chemical vapour deposition. Ultra thin graphene sheets are produced by depositing carbon atoms in the form of graphene films or nickel plate from methane gas. SOLAR CELLS(Contd.)

16. SENSORS Graphene has been used to develop many sensing devices which are Low cost Highly sensitive Highly selective Detects numerous toxic chemicals particularly biomolecules in aqueous environment. Electronic sensors are also favoured due to the above reasons. Electronic detection is based on the conductance change of FET Semiconducting channels upon adsorption of target molecules.

17. NON-VOLATILE MEMORY

18. NON VOLATILE MEMORY(Contd.) 1. All rGO device with a sandwich configuration of hrGO/IrGO/hrGO. 2. Initially the diode has a HIGH RESISTANCE STATE(HRS). 3. The abrupt change of current from 2.97 x 10^-12 A to 4.66 x 10^-4 A.

19. Transparent touch screens When mixed into plastics , graphene can turn them into conductors of electricity. Stiffer stronger lighter plastics .

20. Filters So efficient a filter that even Helium also can not squeeze through

21. FUTURE SCOPE

22. FUTURE SCOPE(Contd.)

23. A TRIP TO THE FUTURE

24. CONCLUSION Graphene is a hope for electronics devices and could possibly replace or rejuvenate Silicon based devices. Seems to be a better material than CNT also. Only lack of Natural Band Gap prevents Graphene to replace Silicon based devices now. Successful prototypes include Superconductor, Flexible Display and Ultra-Capacitor. Can renovate each and every field of science (including Bio-medical Engineering, Electronics etc.)

25. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank SS sir and SD maam for giving us this opportunity to present an amazing topic in front of the whole class and we would also like to thank our fellow would be engineers for their deliberate patience and valuable time that they have let us. We hope we have provided a satisfactory response to your sky-high expectations from us and our topic.

26. REFERENCES Graphene http://en.wikipidea.org www.rsc.org/chemicalscience www.MaterialsViews.com http://gizmodo.com http://technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx http://nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=2340.php http://natureasia.com Graphene Technology: Roadmap to Applications by Andrea C. Ferrari

27. ANY QUESTIONS????

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