Presentacin de PowerPoint
Last summer I were in my Grandpa`s village.I remember different
funny stories from there . First week I were ill so my Grandpa
didn`t allow me to eat ice cream. I knew that I will be able to eat
it in the future , but I were really sad that I couldn`t eat it
hole week. But I knew that if I didn`t eat it I might be well soon.
When I recovered my Grandpa said that I can eat ice cream as much
as I want . But still I asked every time if I could eat ice cream ,
because I knew that Grandpa can`t be wrong. Every week I asked him
if he could bring a cup of ice cream . So 3 weeks later Grandpa
said that I should eat a little bit of ice cream. I knew that I
needed to eat it less, because otherwise I would become
sick.Grandpa and ice creamModal verb is a special verb which
behaves very differently from normal verb.
The following verbs are called Modal verbs.
Modal verbsThey are:CanCouldMustShallNeedMayMightShouldWillOught
to
What are modal verbs?Modal verbs are sometimes referred to as
Modal Auxiliary verbs because they help other verbsThey are
Auxiliary verbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the
main verb of the sentenceExample: Mary could play the piano How do
we use modals?SSubjectVVerbMThey do not accept conjugationThey do
not need other auxiliary verbsThey can have different meanings
depending on the situations they are usedTo understand it better we
are going to divide them into 4 categoriesModal Verbs of
obligation, no obligation, prohibition and advice.Modal verbs of
ability and permission.Modal verbs of speculation and
deduction.Modals perfects: They are used to express a situation in
the pastWhat do they express?Obligation, no obligation, prohibition
and adviceAbility and permissionSpeculation and deductionModal
perfectsmust/ mustnt can / cantmaymay/might havemight / might
notshould/shouldnt havehave to/dont have tocould / couldntmust
havecouldneedntought tocant havecantshould/ shouldntmaycould
havemustcantCategoriesModalConceptExamples*1 MustHave to/has
toObligationYou must decide now.I have / she has to be fit to enter
the race.*2 Dont have to/doesnt have to*3 NeedntNo obligation(its
not necessary)You dont have / she doesnt have to phone me
tomorrow.You neednt meet me at the airport. Ill get a taxi.Ought
toShouldShouldntMustAdvice and recommendationThey ought to thank
her for the present.You should stop smoking all the time.You
shouldnt cross the street without looking first. Its dangerous.You
must try this recipe.MustntCantProhibitionYou mustnt ride a
motorbike without a helmet.You cant park here look at the
sign.Modals of obligation, no obligation, prohibition and
advice
7(*) Notes1 In writing there is no real difference between these
words. In speech there is sometimes a small difference. Must is
used when the speaker personally feels something is important and
have to is used when the situation makes something necessary.You
must start working harder!(I say so)You have to turn left here.(its
the law)
2 Must and have to are very similar in their affirmative forms
but they are completely different in their negative forms. Mustnt
describes sth which is prohibited. Dont have to describes sth that
is not necessary.You mustnt leave now.(its not allowed. Its against
the rules)You dont have to leave now.(its not necessary)3 In
informal spoken language we use dont need to instead of neednt.You
dont need to go to the gym every day. Youre in good shape.
ModalConceptExamplesCan / cantAbility in the presentI can play
the piano.My friend cant speak SpanishCould / couldntAbility in the
pastHe could ski when he was 4.I couldnt ride a bike when I was a
childCanCouldMayTo ask permission and make polite requestsDad, can
I go to the concert?Could I have some money, please?May I come in,
please?CanCantPermission in the presentYou can borrow this CD if
you like.Students cant wear their own clothes to
school.CouldCouldntPermission in the pastI could stay out until
midnight when I was 14.We couldnt wear jewellery at school.Modals
of ability and permission
9ModalConceptExamples*1 MayMightCouldMight notSpeculationHes
wearing a ring, so he may be married.I might go shopping later, I
dont know.It could rain today.She might not be on the
train.CantNegative deductionThat cant be Sue. Shes in
Brazil.MustAffirmative deductionYou must be tired after your long
journey.
Modals of speculation and deduction
*1 these words all express uncertainty or possibility. Could is
not used with not in this context.The meaning for all three words
is approximately 50% probability. But if we stress the modal verb
strongly in speech the probability is reduced.10They are modals
referred to actions that happened in the past
It must have been a difficult decisionThey should have invited
her to their wedding
Modal PerfectsMODAL + HAVE + verb in past participle
ModalConceptExamplesMay havePast unreal possibilityWe may have
passed the test, but it was too difficult.Might havePast unreal
small possibilityShe might have been swimming. Her hair is
wet.Should havePast unreal recommendationYou should have listened
to the doctor.You shouldnt have eaten too much chocolate.Must
havePast unreal assumptionShe looks very fit. She must have been to
the gym a lot lately.Cant haveImpossibility in the pastHe cant have
stolen the money. He was with me all morning.Could havePast unreal
ability/possibilityShe could have taken the flight.They could have
won the match.
Modal perfects
12Writing the modal verbs that you listening in this video.
My son ___ be home by now. Where can he be?a. Have tob. Wouldc.
Shouldd. Could I think your thumb is broken. You ___ go to the
emergency room.a. Mightb. couldc. ought tod. can If you are
interested in losing weight, you ______ try this new diet.a.
Couldb. mustntc. dont have tod. had to Johnnies fallen down the
stairs! I ________ call an ambulance!a. Willb. mightc. mayd. ought
toYou _______ come too early. We wont leave until 9 oclock.a. Has
tob. mustc. needntd. cantPractise Children ________ be accompanied
by an adult at the zoo.a. Ought tob. mustc. wouldd. mustntYou
_________ talk during tests. Its forbidden!a. dont have tob.
mustntc. couldntd. ought toI can feel the heat. We _________ be
near the fire.a. Canb. wouldc. mustd. have toThey ________ hear him
because he was whispering.a. Wouldntb. mustntc. shouldntd.
couldntYouve never heard of Britney Spears! You ________ be
serious!a. Mustb. had toc. cantd. shouldnt
__________ you like to have dinner with me tonight?a. Couldb.
mayc. shouldd. wouldYou _________ let him hear about the party
tomorrow. Its a surprise!a. mustntb. wouldntc. couldntd.
can__________ I speak to the Chief of Police, please?a. Mustb.
Mayc. Wouldd. NeedHe has arrived late. He _______ missed the busa.
Must haveb. Should have c. Could haved. mustRe-write the following
sentences using modals so that they have the same meaning.I suggest
that you get a good lawyer!You
___________________________________________A university degree isnt
necessary for that job.You
___________________________________________ Perhaps my father will
pick you up.My father _______________________________________Eating
is forbidden in class!You
___________________________________________should get a
lawyerneednt have a university degree for that job dont have to
have a university may / might pick you upmustnt eat in classLook at
his dirty clothes! Im sure he is a poor person.He
____________________________________________ I dont believe that
the legend of Hercules is true because therere many
contradictions.The legend of Hercules
____________________________
must be a poor personcant be trueThink about these situations
and create a sentence using modals.We are going to Paris for a
weekend. (Make suggestions about things to do)We start school in
September. (Talk about necessity)Margaret is a very talented
sportswoman. (Talk about ability)You have just won the lottery!
(Talk about possibility)Peter has got a headache and a congested
nose. (Give him some advice)You want to borrow your uncles Mercedes
Benz. (Ask for permission politely)SpeakingInvents a story using
some modal verbsWriting (homework)