Grammar Book 2 nd Semester Por: Maya Cawood
Jun 23, 2015
Grammar Book2nd Semester
Por: Maya Cawood
Table of Contents1. Imperfect : 32. Preterite: 4-8 Car/ Gar/Zar: 5 Spock: 6 Cucaracha: 7 Snake/Snakey : 81. Model: 92. Adverb: 103. Progressive : 11-12 Present Past 4. Future and Irregulars: 135. Superlatives: 146. Formal Commands: 157. Prepositions: 168. Demonstratives: 17
Imperfecto VerbosForms of the imperfect, regular verbs. Stem: Take
the infinitive, and remove the last two letters (the infinitive ending): hablar > habl-; comer > com-; vivir > viv-.
Endings: -ar verbs: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban. -er and -ir verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.
Irregular verbs. Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect: ser, ir, and ver:
ser ir verera éramos iba íbamos veía veíamos eras erais
ibas ibais veías veíais era eran iba iban veía veían
PreteritePast Tense!!
-AR -ER/IR-é -í-aste -iste-ó -ió-amos -imos-aron -ieron
-Car, -Gar, -ZarRegular verbs with these endings have a
spelling change to the yo form to keep the sound of the verb.
-CAR….YO….qué-GAR…YO….gué-ZAR…YO…cé
Spock- irregular for preteriteHacer: HiceHicisteHizoHicimosHicieron
Dar o Ver: IIsteIoImosIeron
Ir o Ser: FuiFuisteFueFuiemosFueron
Cucaracha= irregulares for preteríteAndar- anduv Endings: Estar- estuv -ePoder- pud -istePoner- pus -oQuerer- quis -imosSaber- sup -isteisTener- tuv -ieronVenir- vinDecir- dijTracer- traj
Snake/Snakey
Modal Verbos
Modal verb in right form + infinitive
AdverbosMost Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente
to the feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending corresponds to -ly in English.
Adjective to feminine form to adverb
Claro…..clara….claramenteNote: if two adverbs pertain to one verb the first
adverb gets changed to only feminine form and the second one gets changed all the way to the –mente form.
Progressive- PresentStep One: Right form of EstarEstoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, estánStep Two: Change verb to –ando, -iendo, -yendoAr- ando Er/Ir- iendo -yendohablar: hablando
(hablar - ar + ando)comer: comiendo
(comer - er + iendo)
Progressive-PastThis tense, EL PASADO PROGRESIVO, is used when you
say sentences such as..I was working.Estaba trabajando. / TrabajabaThey were studying.Ellos estaban estudiando ahora.We were selling a novelEstábamos vendiendo una novela.He was eating a lot.Él estaba comiendo mucho.She was leaving.Estaba partiendo
SuperlativesYou use superlatives when you want to say
something has the MOST or the LEAST of a certain quality.
MOST= másMENOS= menosLuis es el más alto. Luis is the tallestCarmen es la más pequeña
Future“I will…”Formula:
infinitive + future endingEndings Example: Cantaré
-é -ás -á -emos -án
Los irregulares
endings
Decer Dir
Hacer Har é
Poner Pondr ás
Salir Saldr á
Tener Tendr emos
Valer Vendr án
Poder Podr
Querer Querr
Saber Sabr
Formal CommandsFor Ud./Uds.: put the verb in its “yo” form
and change to its opposite vowelComer- Como- ComaTener- Tengo- TengaNegative Form: Add NO in front of the verb.
Conjugate the verb the same way!¡No Coma! ¡No tenga!Irregulares= TVDISHES
PrepositionsAbajo: belowArriba: aboveDebajo de: underDentro de: insideEncima de: AboveFuera de: outsideCerca de: nearLegos de: farDetrás de: behind
DemonstrativesIndicate which one
This (near)
That (far)
That over there
Este Ese Aquel
Esta Esa Aquella
These Those Those over there
Estos Esos Aquellos
Estas Esas Aquellas
The T is near me!!