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Grammar: The Basics
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This or That ?
A vase or two faces?
Which image do you see?
A young girls face or an old
womans face?
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Sentences Construction
Objective
Understand the difference betweenSVO / SOV
Use the ruleeffectively forSentenceconstruction
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SentenceStructure
Subject +Verb+Object
I + eat + food
Subject +Object +Verb
I + food + eat
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GamerGrammar
Objective
Identify thecommonly made mistakes while
speaking in English
To increase fluency in English
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Building Bl c
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Noun: is a word used as thename, animal,place, orthing.
Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary
Place: home, office, town, countryside
Animal:dog, cat, horse, monkey
Thing: book, pen, room, tree
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Types OfNouns
Common Noun Proper Noun
Collective Noun
Abstract Noun
Countable / Uncountable Nouns
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Common Noun
Is a namegiven incommon toevery person or thing ofthe
same class orkind.
E.g.City, man, boat, and radio
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
ProperNoun
Name of a specific person, place
orthing.
E.g.
Eiffel Tower, India,
Mr. Will Smith, Nokia
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Collective Noun
Name of a number( or collection) ofpersons orthings taken together and
spoken of as a whole.
E.g.
ACrowd-a collection of people
An Army- collection of soldiers
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Abstract Noun
Is usually thename of a quality, action, orstate.
E.g.
Quality- kindness,darkness, honesty Action - laughter, theft
State - sleep, sickness
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Countable Noun
(orcountables) are thenames of objects, people,etc. that wecancount.
E.g. book, pen, apple, boy
Uncountable noun(oruncountables) are thenames of things which
cannot count.
E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Lisa works as aprogrammerat
Microsoft.
Let's havelunch at McDonalds.Mc Donalds
Mc Donalds
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Parts OfSpeech
Noun
Thesun sheds its beams on rich and
poor alike.
Edwardwas a great king.
The rose smells sweet.
Aflockofsheep is passing by. George was a brave soldier.
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Name,Place,Animal, Thing
Fun time
Lets play Name,Place,Animal, Thing with a difference
Proper
Noun
Common
Noun
Collective
Noun
Abstract
Noun
Peter Postman Poultry Prayer
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun.
E.g.
Tim is absent, becausehe is ill.
This book is mine. Itis doubtful whether he will come for the party.
Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
E.g.
Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary isbeautiful.
With pronouns, we can say:
Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is
beautiful.
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
Personal Pronoun:
I, we, you, he, (she, it), arecalledPersonal Pronounsbecause they stand for threepersons.
E.g.
The person speaking This is mybook
The person spoken to Those are yourbooks
The person spoken of- That is herbook
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
Indefinite Pronoun
Refers to noun that are indefinite.
E.g.
One evening a beggarcame to my door.
Somebodystole the mangoes.
Anybody
Each
Either
None
Someone
One
Few
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
Relative Pronoun- such as that, who,
which, whose andwhom which giveextrainformation about the subject.
E.g.
The womanwho interviewed me was veryfriendly.
I can't standdogs thatbark loudly.
This, That
These, Those
Who,Whom
Whose,Which
What
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
Pronouns combined withselforselves to emphasize the subject of
the verb.
E.g.
I hurt myself.
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Ourselves
Themselves
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Parts OfSpeech
Pronoun
Person and Number Subjective Possessive ubjective
First PersonSingular I Mine Me
First PersonPlural We Ours Us
SecondPersonSingular You Yours You
SecondPersonPlural You Yours You
ThirdPersonSingular He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it
ThirdPersonPlural They Theirs They
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Liedetector
Lets have some fun
I love
Chinese
Food
I am born in
New York
I love
scuba
diving
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Parts OfSpeech
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun,
pronoun or another adjective. An adjective"qualifies"or
"modifies"a noun. Adjectives can be used before a
noun or aftercertain verbs. Wecan often use two or
more adjectives together.
E.g.
Abigcar
I likeChinese food
It is a tough decision
Abeautiful young French lady
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Parts OfSpeech
Adjectives
Adjective Patterns:
Adjectives cancome beforenoun: a newcar
Adjectives cancome afterverbs: such as be, become,
seem, look,etc.: that car looks fast
They can be modified by adverbs: a veryexpensivecar
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Name Chain Fun Time
Hi! Im
Witty
William
Hi! This is
my friend
Witty William
And I am
Energetic
Esther
Hi! Thats Witty
William, this is
Energetic
Esther and I am
Helpful Henry
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Parts OfSpeech
Verb
Verb: is a word that tells
something about a
person or thing.
E.g.
The sunshines brightly. Harry laughs.
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Parts OfSpeech
Verb
Types ofVerbs
Auxiliary Verbs
RegularVerbs
IrregularVerbs
Modal Verbs
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Parts OfSpeech
Verb
Auxiliary Verb: To Do, Be and Have are the English
auxiliary verbs / helping verbs used in a negativestructure, a question or to show tenses.
Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas
such aspossibility, intention, obligation and necessity.
E.g.
Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should
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Parts OfSpeech
Verb
RegularVerb: A regular verb is one that follows the
pattern of taking-ed for thepast simple andpastparticiples.
E.g. walk / walked / walked
IrregularVerb: An irregular verb is one that does nottake the-edending for thePast Simple andPast
Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.
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Parts OfSpeech
Verb
IrregularVerbs
Base Form Past Tense Past Participle
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
SitBuild
SatBuilt
SatBuilt
Know
See
Knew
Saw
Known
Seen
Types ofVerbs
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Parts OfSpeech
Verb
Characteristics ofVerbs
Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence.E.g. Chrispaints well.
Verbs must agree in person(first, second,etc.) and
number(singular and plural) with the subject of the
sentence.
E.g. Shesings sweetly.
They singsweetly.
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Parts OfSpeech
Adverb
Adverb - Anadverb is a word that tells us
more about a verb. An adverb "qualifies" or"modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also
modify adjectives, oreven otheradverbs.
E.g.
The manran quickly.
Tara is reallybeautiful.
The Cell phone works very well.
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Parts OfSpeech
Adverb
Characteristics ofAdverb
1. FunctionThe main job of an adverb is to modify (give more
information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
Modify a verb:
- Johnspeaks loudly. (Howdoes John speak?)
- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)
- Sheneversmokes. (When does she smoke?)(In the followingexamples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is inpurple.)
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Parts OfSpeech
Adverb
2. Form
Many adverbs end in-ly.
E.g. quickly,softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly.
But not all words that end in-ly are adverbs.
E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective. Some adverbs haveno particular form.
E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still
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Parts OfSpeech
Adverb
3.Position
Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:
Front (before the subject):
- Nowwe will study adverbs.
Middle(between the subject and the main verb):
- We often study adverbs.
End(after the verb or object):
- We study adverbs carefully.
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Dumbverb
Lets have some fun
Enact thegiven adverbs while theclass guesses thesame.
E.g.
Harry andSally dance gracefully.
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Parts OfSpeech
Prepositions
Prepositions: are words that wecan use to
indicate time, place and space.
PREPOSITIONS
Period/Point of TimeDuring
Throughout
At
PositionIn,Under,Over, Beside,
Between,Opposite,
Among, Between
DirectionTowards
Past
Around
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Parts OfSpeech
Prepositions
Commonly used Prepositions
Aboard About Above Across AfterAgainst Along Among Around At
Before Behind Below Beneath Beside
Between Beyond By Down During
Except For From Into Like
Of On Over Since To
Within In Up Over Off
Towards Under Until Upon With
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Parts OfSpeech
Prepositions
We went to school on Monday.
My plane stoppedatWashington and New
Jersey and arrivedin New York two hourslate.
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Lord of theAd world
Fun Time
Identify slogans with Prepositions in them
E.g.
Lets go in anALTO Maruti
Kingofgood times - Kingfisher
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Parts OfSpeech
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions -
are used tojoin two parts of a sentencethat aregrammatically equal. The two
parts may be single words orclauses.
E.g.
Jack andJill went up the hill.
The water was warm butIdidn't go
swimming.
F For
A And
N Nor
B But
O Or
Y Yet
S - So
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Parts OfSpeech
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions -
A word or words used toconnectunequal parts of a
sentence.
E.g.I went swimming,although it was
cold.
Since, Because,
If,After,Until,
Although, Before,
As Though, Though,
When,Unless
As
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Parts OfSpeech
Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
A pair ofconjunctions used to show acomparison. (They are also known as
paired conjunctions)
E.g.Not onlyis she rich,but also
intelligent.
Both-and
Either-or
Neither-nor
Since-therefore
If-then
Not only-but also
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Conjingle
Fun time
And
Also
ButNor
SoFor
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Parts OfSpeech
Interjection
Interjection: is a bigname for a little word. Interjections
are short exclamations likeHello!, Bravo!,Alas!orAh!
They haveno real grammatical value but we use them
quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing.
When interjections are inserted into a sentence, theyhaveno grammatical connection to the sentence. An
interjection is followed by anexclamation mark (!) when
written.
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Parts OfSpeech
Interjection
E.g.
"Hey !look at that!"
(calling attention )
"Hi !What's new?"
(expressinggreeting )
"Well !what did he say?"
(introducing a remark )
Well!what did he
say?
Hi !
What's new?
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Subjects and Verbs
Objective
Identify thecorrect usage ofSubject andVerb in a
sentence
Identify thecorrect usage ofSubjects andVerbs whilespeaking in English
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Subjects and Verbs
Verb: The part of speech that expresses action, or state
of being.
Subject: The part which names the person or thing we
are speaking about in a sentence.
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Subjects and Verbs
Subject and VerbAgreement
TheVerb agrees with theSubject in Number and
Person
E.g. Sam and Harry are friends.
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Subjects and Verbs
Harry Potteris an interesting
book.
Every boy andgirl is ready to
run for the marathon.
Harry
Potter
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Articles
Objective
Identify the mechanisms to use articles
appropriately.
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Articles
Articles: areDeterminers.
Types OfArticles
Indefinite A /AN
Definite THE
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Articles
Indefinite Article (A)
Adog is a faithful animal.
A man is known by thecompany hekeeps
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Articles
Indefinite Article (AN)
An Apple
An Honest Man
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Articles
Definite Article (THE)
Lets go to the Golf Club.
The SolarSystem.
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Articles
Lets have fun
Identify articles in the songs
(Clips to be added)
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Tenses
Objective
Identify thecorrect usage of Tense in a sentence
Identify thecorrect usage of Tense while speaking in
English
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Tenses
The Tense of a verb shows thetime of action orevent.
Verb tenses are tools that English speakers use to
express time in language.
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Tenses
There arethree main Tenses:
Present Tense: a verb that refers to the present time.E.g. I write a letter.
Past Tense: a verb that refers to the past time.
E.g. I wrote a letter.
Future Tense: a verb that refers to the future time. E.g.
I will write a letter.
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TensesSimple Present Simple Past
Future ContinuousPast ContinuousPresent Continuous
Future PerfectPast PerfectPresent Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous
Simple Future
IstudyEnglish everyday.
IS / AM / ARE +
verb in ING
Iam studyingEnglish now.
WAS / WERE + verb in INGIwas studyingEnglish when you
called yesterday.
HAS / HAVE + P.PIhave studiedEnglish in several
different countries.
HAS / HAVE + BEEN + verb
in INGIhave been studyingEnglish for
five years.
Two years ago, IstudiedEnglish
in England.
HAD + P.P.Ihad studieda little English beforeI moved to the U.S.
HAD + BEEN + verb in INGIhadbeen studyingEnglish for five
years before I moved to the U.S.
Iwillbe studyingEnglish next
year.
SHALL / WILL + BE + verb
in INGIwillbe studyingEnglish when
you arrive tonight.
SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in
INGIwillbe studyingEnglish when you
arrive tonight.
SHALL / WILL + HAS / HAVE +
BEEN + verb in ING
Iwill have been studyingEnglish
for over two hours by the time you
arrive.
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Tense Tenses
Fun Time
Group B write a story in thePast
Group C write a story in theFuture
Group A write a story in thePresent
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Question Tags
Objective
To aid formulating appropriate questions.
To learn to convert ideas or sentences into questions.
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Question Tags
Question tags are a grammatical structure in which a
statement or idea is turned into a question by adding aninterrogative fragment
( tag ).
Their pattern is auxiliary + nt + subject, if the statement
is positive andauxiliary + subject, if the statement is
negative.
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Question Tags
E.g.
Positive Sentence He has left already,hasnt he?
Andrew came to school yesterday,didnt he?
Negative Sentence
Hedoesnt like tea,does he?
Johncant speak English fluently,can he?
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Question Tags Lets have some fun
Peanut
Butter
New
York
Madonna
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Direct And Indirect Speech
Objective
To understand the two ways of relating and quoting
what someone has said.
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Direct And Indirect Speech
InDirect Speech the original speakers exact words are
given and indicated by quotation marks ( )
E.g. I dont know what to do, said Dean.
InIndirect Speech theexact meaning of the speakers
words aregiven, but theexact words arenot directly
quoted.
E.g. Dean said that hedidnt know what to do.
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Direct And Indirect Speech
Some pointers to convert Direct Speech into Indirect
Speech and vice versa.
If the main verb is in the past tense, the present tense
verbs in that sentence must bechanged to past tense.
First and second person pronouns must bechanged to
third person pronouns.
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Direct And Indirect Speech
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Voice
Objective
To create awareness that using thePassive Voice
sounds more objective.
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Voice
Active Voice:The verb is active, when the subject
(agent) does the action(verb) to something(object).
E.g. Thedoctor wrote a prescription.
Passive Voice:The verb is passive,
when the subject takes the action upon itself.
E.g. The prescription was written by thedoctor.
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Voice
The refreshmen s are going to be
prepared by Karen
That skyscraper was bui t in 1934.
Grammaris taught tous by Ratna.
By whom was this done?
Jane is helped by red.
Passive Voice
Karenis going to prepare the
refreshments.
They built that skyscraperin 1934.
Ratna teaches us grammar.
hodid this?
red helps Jane.
Active Voice
The refreshments are going to be
prepared by Karen.
That skyscraper was built in 1934.
Grammaris taught tous by Ratna.
By whom was this done?
Jane is helped by red.
Passive Voice
Karenis going to prepare the
refreshments.
They built that skyscraperin 1934.
Ratna teaches us grammar.
hodid this?
red helps Jane.
Active Voice
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Creativity Unlimited
Sell a refrigerator to an Eskimo
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News Time
Aftermath of 9/11 gets film focus
Charles and Camilla's wedding day
Beckham family affairs are fair game for the public
Joseph Ratzinger is the new Pope
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Movie Time
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Thank You