Grammar Exercises

Grammar: Stylistic Transformation

Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence that is given.

Unit 1Reported Speech (Statement)Examples:1. He said, “I’ve got a headache.”

He said that he had got a headache.2. Aye Aye said, “Mother…, I’m hungry.”

Aye Aye told her mother that she was hungry.3. Wai Phyo said to Zaw Zaw, “ I shall meet you here at 10 o’clock.”

Wai Phyo told Zaw Zaw that he would meet him there at 10 o’clock.

Exercise:1. Sanda said to Thanda, “I need your help with my homework.”

Sanda told Thanda that --------------------------------------------------.2. The man said, “You are clever boys.”

The man said --------------------------------------------------------------.3. “I want to see your mother,” said the teacher to the boy.

The teacher told the boy -------------------------------------------------.4. Nilar said to me, “I went shopping with your sister yesterday.”

Nilar told me --------------------------------------------------------------.5. “I pray I shall find my lost puppy.” said my sister.

My sister said that --------------------------------------------------------.6. The secretary said to her boss, “I’ve sent the e-mails you asked me

to this morning.”The secretary told her boss ----------------------------------------------.

7. “We had dinner in your grandma’s home,” said Mother.Mother told me -----------------------------------------------------------.

8. Ko Ko said to Ma Ma, “I’ll be staying up late tonight.”Ko Ko told Ma Ma-------------------------------------------------------.

9. “I’ll see you tomorrow, Ko Ko,” said Mon Mon.Mon Mon told Ko Ko ------------------------------------------------.

10. The manager said to the clerk, “You must never be late.”The manager told ---------------------------------------------------------.

11. My friend said, “I saw your sister with her boy friend yesterday.”

My friend informed me -------------------------------------------------.12. The teacher said, “I’ll go abroad tomorrow.”

The teacher said that-----------------------------------------------------.13. My aunt said, “I pray that I shall win the lottery this month.”

My aunt said that --------------------------------------------------------.14. The teacher said to Zeyar Lin, “You mustn’t forget what I told

you in the last lesson.”The teacher told ----------------------------------------------------------.

15. The teacher said, “I want to remind you to bring your textbooks tomorrow.”The teacher told ----------------------------------------------------------.

16. The mother said, “Thinzar, if you don’t wash your hair once a week, I’ll cut it with scissors.”The mother told Thinzar ------------------------------------------------.

17. The instructor said, “You can do it if you try.”The instructor told me --------------------------------------------------.

18. The old man said to his sons, “I want all of you to keep up my name.”The old man told his sons -----------------------------------------------.

19. “I don’t know who broke the window pane,” the child said to the man.The child told the man --------------------------------------------------.

20. The operator said, “That phone line is always busy.”The operator said that ----------------------------------------------------.

Unit 2Reported Speech (Question)Examples:1. His father said, “ Zaw Zaw, are you feeling all right?” His father asked Zaw Zaw if he was feeling all right.2. “Su Mon, why are you looking so tired?” Aunty Than said.

Aunty Than asked Su Mon why she was looking so tired.3. Daw Mya Lay said to the maid, “How did you get this money?” Daw Mya Lay asked the maid how she had got that money.Exercise:1. The salesgirl said to the customer, “How can I help you?”

The salesgirl asked the customer -------------------------------------.2. Father said to mother, “Do you have any plans to go to

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Myingyan?”Father asked mother -----------------------------------------------------.

3. “Can I eat chocolates, doctor?” asked Pauk Sa.Pauk Sa asked ------------------------------------------------------------.

4. Zin Zin said. “Why didn’t you contact us last week, Phyu Phyu?”Zin Zin asked Phyu Phyu -----------------------------------------------.

5. Toe said to Phyo, “Why have you been keeping silent for a long time?’Toe asked Phyo -----------------------------------------------------------.

6. The old man said, “Where’s the hospital?”The old man wanted to know -------------------------------------------.

7. The teacher said, “How old are you?”The teacher asked me ----------------------------------------------------.

8. Father said, “Sons, what have you done to my watch?”Father asked us -----------------------------------------------------------.

9. The police said to the suspect, “Were you at home last night?”The police asked ----------------------------------------------------------.

10. I said, “Daddy, can I use your phone?”I asked my -----------------------------------------------------------------.

Reported Speech (Command & Request)Examples:1. “Waiter, bring me a glass of lime juice,” said Wai Phyo Mg.

Wai Phyo Mg ordered the waiter to bring me a glass of lime juice.2. His aunt said, “Nyi Nyi, don’t stay out late.”

His aunt told Nyi Nyi not to stay out late.3. “Please wait for a moment,” said the salesgirl to the customer.

The salesgirl requested the customer to wait for a moment.4. “Could you please wake me up early?” said Htoo Htoo to his

room-mate. Htoo Htoo requested his room-mate to wake him up early.Exercise:1. Thida said to me, “Come to our wedding reception.”

Thida invited me -------------------------------------------------------. 2. “Please, don’t shout at me,” said the girl to her sister. The girl asked her sister -------------------------------------------------.3. “Be patient and gentle with this motherless boy,” said the

headmaster to the class teacher.

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The headmaster asked---------------------------------------------------. 4. The man said to his son, “Do your homework now or you won’t

finish it before school.”The man told --------------------------------------------------------------.

5. The salesgirl said to the customer, “Don’t bargain, please. It’s a fixed price.” The salesgirl requested --------------------------------------------------.

6. “Stop smoking if you want to live long,” said the doctor to the man.

The doctor warned -------------------------------------------------------. 7. “Why don’t you see a doctor?” said Thet Wai to her sick friend.

Thet Wai suggested-------------------------------------------------------. 8. The teacher said to Thet Htar, “Be aware of the changes that you

have experienced.” The teacher told -----------------------------------------------------------.9. Zin Phyu reminded Aye Suu, “Don’t forget to tell him that I’ll be

late tomorrow.”Zin Phyu reminded -------------------------------------------------------.

10. The class teacher said to the students, “Always keep your classrooms clean.”The class teacher told the students -------------------------------------.

Unit 3 There is/was no………. who/that………. not(Double Negative)

Pattern (1) There is/ was no + Singular Noun + who/ that + Singular

Negative VerbExamples:1. Every girl loves flowers

There is no girl who does not love flowers2. All girls love flowers.

There is no girl who does not love flowers.3. Every dog has a tail.

There is no dog that does not have a tail.4. All dogs have tails.

There is no dog that does not have a tail.

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5. All the high schools in Myanmar have computers.There is no high school in Myanmar that does not have a computer.

Pattern (2) There is/ was no + Singular Noun + who/ that + Subject +

Negative VerbExamples:1. I visited all my relatives in Myingyan last month.

There was no relative in Myangyan who I did not visit last month.2. I have read all the books in this library.

There is no book in this library that I have not read.Exercise:1. Every town or village in our country has a pagoda.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.2. Every citizen loves his mother land.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.3. Every student looks forward to the holiday.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.4. Everyone has to work for a living.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.5. Every book of his has his name on it.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.6. Every father wants his son to do well in life.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.7. Every egg in that basket is fresh.

There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.8. Every student in this class participated in the discussion.

There was no---------------------------------------------------------------.9. All children like to read comics.

There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.10. All the teaching staff in this university wear the national costume.

There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.11. All the songs composed by Myoma Nyein are good.

There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.12. All the students in this class were beaten yesterday.

There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.13. All the villages in this region were flooded last year.

There was no--------------------------------------------------------------.

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14. I have been to all the beach resorts in our country.There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.

15. I like every house in this street.There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.

16. We are friendly with all our neighbours.There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.

17. My teacher corrected all my exercises.There was no -------------------------------------------------------------.

18. Every Myanmar girl loves to wear Thanakkha.There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.

19. All the students in this class do their exercises regularly.There is no ---------------------------------------------------------------.

20. I have photocopied all the articles in this newspaper.There is no ---------------------------------------------------------------.

Unit 4No sooner ………than

Examples:1. I had just started to study when the lights went out.

No sooner had I started to study than the lights went out.2. As soon as he was beaten the boy ran away.

No sooner was the boy beaten than he ran away.3. The child cried as soon as it saw me.

No sooner did the child see me than it cried.Exercise:1. When the fire-engines arrived, the fire had just stopped burning.

No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.2. When we arrived at the station the train had just left.

No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.3. The patient had just passed away when the ambulance arrived.

No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.4. The burglars had just fled away when we woke up. No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.5. I had just got off the bus when it started to rain. No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.6. We had just sat down to dinner when the visitors arrived.

No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

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7. As soon as I had done my homework, my father asked me to wash the car.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

8. As soon as the phone rang, she picked it up with joy.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

9. As soon as Ei Chaw Chaw saw the letter, she opened it and read it.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

10. As soon as they had had their meal, the children went out to play.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

11. As soon as he heard the police siren, the thief ran away.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

12. As soon as I had taken the medicine, I felt better.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

13. As soon as Honey had written the essay, she showed it to her teacher.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

14. Aye Su had two burgers and then she took a hot dog from the plate.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

15. As soon as Ma Ma heard the news of the accident she fainted.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

16. Ko Ko fell asleep as soon as his head touched the pillow.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

17. As soon as the teacher started the lecture, the class kept silent.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

18. As soon as Htoo Htoo finished his dinner he felt ill.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

19. The book was sold out as soon as it was published.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

20. As soon as the fish had been fried, a cat stole it.No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

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Unit 4 Active & Passive

Active Passive1. V(present) - am, is, are + V-ed/en

2. V(past) - was, were + V-ed/en

3. do not , does not + V(simple) - am, is, are not + V-ed/en

4. did not + V(simple) - was, were not + V-ed/en

5. has, have, had + V-ed/en - has, have, had been + V-ed/en

6. am, ……were + V-ing - am, ……were being + V-ed/en

7. can, …...must + V(simple) - can,……must be + V-ed/en

8. am,…….were + going to - am,…….were going to be + V-ed/en

9.has, have, had to + V(simple) - has, have, had to be + V-ed/en

Examples:1. People play football all over the world.

Football is played all over the world.2. The people in this street feed this puppy well.

This puppy is well fed by the people in this street.3. I lost the key to the gate last night.

The key to the gate was lost last night.4. The students have already done all their homework.

All their homework has already been done by the students.5. My father gave me a watch as a birthday present

I was given a watch as a birthday present by my father.A watch was given to me as a birth present by my father.

6. People are not allowed to smoke in public parks in Bangkok.No one is allowed to smoke in public parks in Bangkok.

Exercise:1. Daw Pu cooks the mohinga for her children every Sunday.

The mohinga--------------------------------------------------------------.

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2. They feed the animals at the zoo twice a day.The animals---------------------------------------------------------------

3. His father beat him for not attending classes regularly.He---------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. A tornado hit the town this evening. The town--------------------------------------------------------------------

5. We saw him washing his car this morning.He----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. The doctor has advised him to take a rest if he wants to get well.He----------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. We will finish the work soon.The work--------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Mother bought me an alarm clock. I------------------------------------------------------------------------------.An alarm clock------------------------------------------------------------.

9. They are going to build a modern apartment building here.A modern--------------------------------------------------------------------

10. They do not permit dogs in the hotel.Dogs-------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. We cannot buy personal good looks with money.Personal good looks-------------------------------------------------------

12. We have never seen such a kind of birds in this area before.Such--------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. U Ngwe Gaing did not draw this painting.This painting----------------------------------------------------------------

14. No one discussed anything about the missing child at the meeting.Nothing----------------------------------------------------------------------

15. Nobody must pluck the flowers in the garden.The flowers-----------------------------------------------------------------

16. People are not permitted to smoke in the office.No one----------------------------------------------------------------------.

17. People are not allowed to cross the lawn.No one----------------------------------------------------------------------.

18. Did you switch off the lights last night?Were-------------------------------------------------------------------------

19. Who broke the window pane?By whom--------------------------------------------------------------------

20. Why won’t they repair the road?Why won’t the road -------------------------------------------------------

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Unit 5After +V-ing(Active) After + V-ing After + Subject + had V-ed/en(Passive) After + being + V-ed/en After + Subject + had been V-ed/en

Examples:1. Mg Mg did his homework first and then he went out.

After doing his homework, Mg Mg went out.After Mg Mg had done his homework, he went out.

2. The letters were sorted and then delivered.After being sorted, the letters were delivered.After the letters had been sorted, they were delivered.

Exercise:1. The teacher checked the essays and then she returned the books.

After-----------------------------------------------------------------------After the teacher----------------------------------------------------------

2. Ma Ma did the cooking. Then she did the washing. After -------------------------------------------------------------------------After Ma Ma -----------------------------------------------------------.

3. Hla Hla ironed the clothes when she had cooked the meal.After-----------------------------------------------------------------------After Hla Hla---------------------------------------------------------------

4. Sandy peeped into the room. She screamed.After-----------------------------------------------------------------------After Sandy----------------------------------------------------------------

5. The cat snatched the fried fish and then it ran away.After-----------------------------------------------------------------------

After the cat----------------------------------------------------------------6. The vegetables were washed first and then boiled.

After-------------------------------------------------------------------------After the vegetables-------------------------------------------------------

7. The houses were destroyed by a storm .Then they were rebuilt by the villagers.After-----------------------------------------------------------------------After the houses------------------------------------------------------------

8. The man was seized with narcotic drugs. He was sent to the

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prison.After-------------------------------------------------------------------------After the man---------------------------------------------------------------

9. She had a sore throat because she had eaten a lot of ice- cream.After-----------------------------------------------------------------------After she--------------------------------------------------------------------.

10. When he passed the matriculation examination, Ko Lay attended the Global English course at Yangon University.After-----------------------------------------------------------------------After Ko Lay-----------------------------------------------------------

Without + V-ing(Active) Without + V-ing(Passive) Without + being + V-ed/enExamples:1. Hla Hla ate the meal. She did not wash her hand.

Without washing her hand, Hla Hla ate the meal.2. Hla Hla swept the room. She was not asked to do so.

Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.3. Hla Hla swept the room. Nobody asked her to do so.

Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.4. Hla Hla swept the room. They did not ask her to do so.

Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.5. Hla Hla swept the room. Her mother did not ask her.

Without being asked by her mother, Hla Hla swept the room.Exercise:1. She left for school. She did not eat anything.

Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.2. He left home. He did not say good-bye to anyone.

Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.3. You will not get high marks in English unless you study regularly.

Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.4. You will not recover from your illness unless you take this

medicine.Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.

5. He quitted the job. He did not let anyone know about it.Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.

6. John passed the examination. He did not work hard.

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Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.7. He came to the party. Nobody invited him.

Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.8. My aunt gave me some pocket money. I never asked for it.

Without---------------------------------------------------------------------.9. The clothes were ironed. They were not properly washed.

Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.10. He listened to the lecture but he wrote nothing down.

Without --------------------------------------------------------------------.

Unit 6In spite of / Although

In spite of + V-ing / N Although + Subject + VerbExamples:1. Although Aye Aye is very beautiful, she is not proud.

In spite of being beautiful, Aye Aye is not proud.2. Although the box was very heavy, the child could lift it.

In spite of the box being very heavy, the child could lift it.3. Although it was raining heavily, he went out.

In spite of the heavy rain, he went out.4. In spite of studying day and night, she failed in the examination.

Although she studied day and night, she failed in the examination.Exercise:1. Mg Mg went to school although he was ill.

In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.2. Although the rain was heavy, they kept on working.

In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.3. Although the weather was bad, we went out for a walk.

In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.4. Although the box was very heavy, the child could lift it alone.

In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.5. Although the man was very tired, he worked on.

In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.6. Although Pyae Sone usually stands first in the class, he is not

proud.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

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7. Although the man is rich, he is very greedy.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

8. Although she goes to school every day, she learns nothing.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

9. Although she is young, she can take care of her old parents.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

10. Although he is intelligent, he is lazy.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

11. The man punished his son although he loved him with all his heart.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

12. Although there was a storm, the fishing boat sailed into the sea. In spite of -----------------------------------------------------------------.

13. He went on working although he was feeling unwell.In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------.

14. In spite of having a car, my parents rarely use it.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

15. In spite of his hand being injured, he could manage to write.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

16. In spite of the questions being difficult, he could answer well.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

17. In spite of being rich, she is not happy.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

18. In spite of being sisters, they do not speak to each other.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

19. In spite of feeling tired, he could not fall asleep.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

20. In spite of being old, he is still active and strong.Although -------------------------------------------------------------------.

Unit 7ConditionalsType I If + Subject + V(present) , Subject + will V(Infinitive)Type II If + Subject + V(past) , Subject + would V(Infinitive)Type III If + Subject + had V-ed/en, Subject + would have Ved/enExamples:1. If I had not walked by that window, I would not have broken the

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glasses. 2. If they had arraged the party well ahead, there would not have been

any shortages. 3. Unless they had realized their mistake, they would have done it

again.

1. You try your best. You will get the first prize.If………………………………………………… .

2. He stay on for two more hours. He will meet the headmaster.If ………………………………………………… .

2. The glass was broken. He walked past the table.If he hadn't ………………………………………………… .

3. I would fly high in the sky. I were a bird.If ………………………………………………… .

4. The road to the town is rough. We will have to go on foot. If ………………………………………………… .

5. The students want to pass the examination. They must try hard.If ………………………………………………… .

6. They don’t want to be late for the meeting. They will have to take a taxi. If ………………………………………………… .

7. The boy would have crossed the street. The policeman stopped him.Unless ………………………………………………… .

8. The boy knows how to use a computer. He must use it everyday. If ………………………………………………… .

9. The weather is fine the whole week. They will go on a picnic.If ………………………………………………… .

10. The show would have been a success. They didn’t put out their best effort.If ………………………………………………… .

11. All the flowers will be in full bloom. The plants receive enough sunshine.If ………………………………………………… .

Unit 8Relative Clauses

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Examples:1. He has an uncle. His uncle works in the KBZ bank.

He has an uncle who works in the KBZ bank.2. My watch is not working again. It was repaired a week ago.

My watch that was repaired a week ago is not working again. 3. Ni Ni was looking after a dog. Its leg had been broken in an

accident.Ni Ni was looking after a dog whose leg had been broken in an accident.

4. The girl is my cousin. I was talking to her.The girl whom I was talking to is my cousin.The girl to whom I was talking is my cousin.

5. I met a man. His sister knows you very well.I met a man whose sister knows you very well.

Exercise1. The police caught the thief. He stole the diamonds.

The police ------------------------------------------------------------------2. The pen is mine. You are writing with it.

The pen ---------------------------------------------------------------------3. The watch was very expensive. She bought it in Japan.

The watch ------------------------------------------------------------------4. My brother has seen the film. You met him yesterday.

My brother -----------------------------------------------------------------5. The man has left the office. I was talking to him.

The man --------------------------------------------------------------------6. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.

A bus ------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A waitress served us. She was very polite and friendly.

A waitress ------------------------------------------------------------------8. This school is only for children. Their first language is not

English. This school ----------------------------------------------------------------

9. I saw the accident. It happened near the school. I saw ------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. What is the name of the man? You borrowed his car. What is ---------------------------------------------------------------------

If / Unless

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Examples:1. If you stay late in bed, you will miss the breakfast.

Unless you stay late in bed, you will not miss the breakfast. 2. Unless you met the manager, you wouldn’t get the job.

If you didn't meet the manager, you wouldn't get the job. 3. If I had seen the road block, I would have slowed the car down.

Unless I had seen the road block, I would not have slowed down. Exercises1. If the bus arrives early, father will be in time for work.

Unless ............................................................................ .2. If you know how to revise your lessons, you will be ready for the

examination in two weeks. Unless ............................................................................ .

3. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. Unless............................................................................ .

4. Unless the sea is calm, we will not go sailing. If ............................................................................ .

5. Unless you pay full attention in class, you will absorb nothing.If …………………………………………………………. .

6. If all people were lovable, this world would be a nice place to live in. Unless …………………………………………………………. .

7. Unless you turn the air-con down, I will catch a cold.If …………………………………………………………. .

8. Unless the motorists follow the traffic rules, there will always be accidents. If …………………………………………………………. .

9. Stay calm or you will lose all that you have learnt.Unless …………………………………………………………. .

10. Keep your room clean or mother will scold you. Unless …………………………………………………………. .

Unit 9Both…… and

Not only …….. but alsoExercises:1. A nurse must be patient. She must be kind too.

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A nurse must be not only patient but also kind.2. The young girl is playful. She is also talkative.

The young girl is not only playful but also talkative. Exercise:

1. By using wheels, we can save time and work.2. Thu Maung is a writer. He is also an actor.3. My sister has been to London. She has been to New York.4. Both Ko Ko and I were absent yesterday.5. Both you and I are clever boys.

Either…..orExamples:1. May May Gyi is in the kitchen. May May Gyi is in the garden.

May May Gyi is either in the kitchen or in the garden.2. Nyi Latt plays guitar very well. His brothers play guitar very well.

Either Nyi Latt or his brothers play guitar very well.3. Hurry up or you will be late.

Either hurry up or you will be late.4. Nyi Nyi broke the window pane or it could be his friends.

Either Nyi Nyi or his friends broke the window pane.

Exercises1. The children may be in the house. They may be in the garden.

The children ----------------------------------------------------------------2. You can stay here. You can go home.

You can either -------------------------------------------------------------3. You are a fool, if not I am.

Either ------------------------------------------------------------------------4. The keys are in the cupboard, if not under the mattress.

The keys are either --------------------------------------------------------5. Do your homework now or you will be punished.

Either ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Neither…..norExamples: 1. Ko Ko Gyi doesn’t like playing cards. Ma Ma Gyi doesn’t like

playing cards. Neither Kop Gyi nor Ma Ma Gyi likes playing cards.

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2. Both Hnin Htet and Su Swe were absent at the school reunion party.Neither Hnin Htet nor Su Swe was present at the school reunion party.

3. ‘Heaven’ as well as ‘Dinosaurs’ doesn’t sell pirate CDs/VCDs.Neither ‘Heaven’ nor ‘Dinosaurs’ sells pirate CDs/VCDs.

Exercise1. The problem is that his father doesn't like music and his mother

doesn't like music.The problem is that neither ----------------------------------------------

2. Kyi Chan isn’t interested in watching films. She isn’t interested in reading novels.Kyi Chan is -----------------------------------------------------------------

3. Not only you but also I am not responsible for this.Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------

4. He doesn’t want to learn Chinese and neither do they.Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Both he and she don't know what to do.Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Neither…..of

Examples1. She doesn’t trust either of these two men. She trusts neither of the men.2. The two younger brothers are not famous in playing cane-ball as

Ko Gyi.Neither of the younger brothers is famous in playing can-ball as Ko Gyi.

3. Both my sister and I don’t like watching football matches.Neither of us likes watching football matches.

Exercises1. You are not mad. I am not mad.

Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------2. The elder boy is not allowed to leave home. The younger boy is

not allowed to leave home.

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Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------3. My father is not superstitious and neither is my mother.

Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Not only she but also her sister is absent today.

Neither of -----------------------------------------------------------------5. Both of the brothers are not to be blamed.

Neither ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Unit 10

Too ….. to ------ Enough to …..For examples:The mohinga is too hot to eat.The soup is not cool enough to eat.

Your wallet is too big to put it in my sling bag.Your wallet is not small enough to put in my sling bag.Exercise:1. Your sister isn't old enough to get married. 2. The gem is too small to see without a microscope.3. The sum is too difficult for me to solve.4. She is too short to become a stewardess.5. The sofa too narrow for three people to sit on.6. The refrigerator is too heavy for them to move.7. He is too stupid to understand the question.8. She is too lazy to pass the matriculation examination.9. My grandmother's house is too far to visit twice a week.10. The parcel is too big to send by post.11. The fence is too high to pass over for him.12. Her voice is too soft to hear from the back.13. He is too stingy to give away his old clothes.14. He is too simple to invent a story.15. The room is too dim to do your homework.16. It is too tight to untie the luggage.17. She is too stupid to give such kind of advice.18. They are too poor to buy a flat in this area.19. She is too unfriendly to become a good receptionist.20. The manager is too busy to talk to the visitors.

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21. The weather is too bad to go on a picnic on the beach.22. This clay pot is too new to put in the museum.23. It is too cloudy to see the sun.24. She is too unsystematic to implement this project.25. My sister is too impatient to wait for us for about five minutes.26. The film is too boring for me to watch till the end.27. The earthquake is too weak to destroy anything.28. She is too ugly to become a model.29. She is too busy to go to the exhibition.30. Your brother was too young to ride a motor cycle.31. Your handwriting is too bad for me to read.32. He is too weak to get up from bed.

1. Your sister is too young to get married.2. The gem is not big enough to see without a microscope.3. The sum is not easy enough for me to solve.4. She is not tall enough to become a stewardess.5. The sofa isn't wide enough for three people to sit.6. The refrigerator isn't light enough for them to move.7. He isn't clever enough to understand the question.8. She isn't hardworking enough to pass the matriculation

examination.9. My grandmother's house isn't near enough to visit twice a week.10. The parcel is not small enough to send by post.11. The fence is low enough to pass over for him.12. Her voice is not loud enough to hear from the back.13. He is not generous enough to give away his old clothes.14. He is not clever enough to invent a story.15. The room is not bright enough to do your homework.16. It is loose enough to untie the luggage.17. She is not wise enough to give such kind of advice.18. They are not rich enough to buy a flat in this area.19. She is not friendly enough to become a good receptionist.20. The manager is not free enough to talk to the visitors.21. The weather is not good enough to go on a beach.

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22. This clay pot is not old enough to put in the museum.23. It is not clear enough to see the sun.24. She is not systematic enough to implement this project.25. My sister is not patient enough to wait for us for about five

minutes.26. The film is not interesting enough for me to watch till the end.27. The earthquake is not strong enough to destroy anything.28. She is not beautiful to become a model.29. She is not free enough to go to the exhibition.30. Your brother was not old enough to ride a motor cycle.31. Your handwriting is not good enough for me to read.32. He is not strong enough to get up from bed.

So …… that Such …… that

So + adj + that such + a / an + adj + N + that

- Replace ‘such’ in ‘so’ in the original sentence- Write down Adj- put the noun after the Adj- write down ‘that clause’eg. 1. The lesson is so easy that everybody understands it.It is such an easy lesson that everybody understands it.2. The box was so heavy that I could not lift it.

It was such a heavy box that I could not lift it.3. The was so good that I asked for another cup.

This is such good tea that I asked for another cup.

Exercise:1. The lesson was so short that we finished it in one period.

It was such a short lesson that we finished it in one period.2. He is so tricky that no one wants to work with him.

He is such a tricky person that no one wants to work with him.3. The questions are so easy that everybody can answer them.

They are such easy questions that everybody can answer them.

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4. The sum was so difficult that we could not work it out.It was such a difficult sum that we could not work it out.

5. The wall was so high that no one could climb over it.It was such a high wall that no one could climb over it.

6. The road is so bad that people have to use another road.It is such a bad road that people have to use another road.

7. The night was so dark that nobody dare to go out.It was such a dark night that nobody dare to go out.

8. The novel was so uninteresting that she became bored.It was such an uninteresting that she became bored.

9. This painting was so attractive that everybody admires itIt was such an attractive painting that everybody admires it.

10. The circus was so wonderful that everybody loves watching it.It was such a wonderful circus that everybody loves watching it.

11. The boy was so mischievous that no one wants to deal with him.He was such a mischievous boy that no one wants to deal with him.

12. The weather was so terrible that we couldn’t sleep.It was such a terrible weather that we couldn’t sleep.

Such + a / an + adj + N + that So + adj + that- replace ‘so’ in ‘such a / an’- put the Adj between ‘so’ and ‘that’- write down ‘that clause’

1. Swan Htet was such a clever boy that nobody could beat him.Swan Htet was so clever that nobody could beat him.

2. Nay Chi was such a foolish girl that she could not see your trick.Nay Chi was so foolish that she could not see your trick.

3. Hnin Phyu is such a beautiful girl that all the boys admire her.Hnin Phyu is so beautiful that all the boys admire her.

4. It is such an expensive flat that nobody can afford to buy it.This flat is so expensive that nobody can afford to buy it.

5. He was such an honest man that everybody believes him.He was so honest that everybody believes him.

6. The teachers are so efficient that every student likes them.They are such efficient teachers that every student likes them.

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7. Hpoo Ei is such a friendly girl that everyone is fond of her.Hpoo Ei is so friendly that everyone is fond of her.

8. Yan Shin is such an obedient boy that all the teachers love him.Yan Shin is so obedient that all the teachers love him.

9. Phyu Sin is such a hardworking girl that she can win distinction in all subjects.Phyu Sin is so hardworking that she can win distinction in all subjects.

10. It was such a heavy bag that the child could not carry it.The bag was so heavy that the child could not carry it.

11. This novel was such a difficult one that I could not read it.This novel was so difficult that I could not read it.

12. Phyu Le’ is such an intelligent student that she can answer all the questions.Phyu Le’ is so intelligent that she can answer all the questions.

Unit 12+13 Degrees of Comparison

Unit 14 Nouns in Apposition

The Parallel StructureThe more / the less / the –er, the more / the less / the –er

Study the following examples.1. If your rank is high, the responsibility ;the more resye1. If the novel is exciting, I want to read it very much.

The more exciting the novel, the more I want to read it.2. If the joke is good, the laugh is loud.

The better the joke, the louder the laugh.3. If the sum is difficult, I take much time to solve.

The more difficult the sum is, the more time I take to solve.4. If you stay up late at night, it is difficult for you to get up early.

The later you stay up at night, the more difficult it is for you to get up early.

5. If the journey is long, you will be tired.The longer the journey, the more tired you will be.

6. If the temperature is high, the

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The higher the temperature, the 7. When she becomes old, she is very fussy.

The older she becomes, the more fussy she is.8. If the quality is good, it becomes expensive.

The better the quality, the more expensive it becomes.9. As we grow old and we have more experience.

The older we grow, the more experience we have.10. If you read more, you will know more.

The more you read, the more you know.11. When you have much experience, you will become confident.

The more experience you have, the more confident you will become.

12. When the coffee is strong, I like it very much.The stronger the coffee, the more I like it.

13. If your design is up-to-date, it becomes expensive.The more up-to-date the design is, the more expensive it becomes.

14. If we work hard, we will be successful in life.The harder we work, the more successful we will be in life.

15. As we are working together longer, we become friendly.The longer we are working together, the more friendly we become.

16. As I have to wait longer and longer, I become more and more impatient.The longer I have to wait, the more impatient I become.

17. When it is hot, we cannot concentrate on our work.The hotter it is, the less we can concentrate on our work.

18. If your sentence is long, they cannot understand very well.The longer your sentence is, the less they understand.

19. When it is late at night, I can concentrate on my studies more.The later it is at night, the more I can concentrate on my studies.

20. If you begin your work soon, you can finish soon.The sooner you begin your work, the sooner you can finish.

21. When we grow older, we should be patient.The older we grow, the more patient we should be.

22. As the examination is near, I become worried.The nearer the examination is, the more worried I become.

23. If the curry is spicy, I don't eat it.The spicier the curry is, the less I eat it.

24. If you do more work, you will get more money.

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The more work you do, the more money you will get.25. He explains more and more, but we understand less and less.

The more he explains, the less we understand.

Unit 15When .../ By the time ...

e.g.When I arrive home, everybody has gone to bed.By the time I arrive home, everybody has gone to bed.

When I entered the classroom, the teacher had already finished her lecture. By the time I entered the classroom, the teacher had already finished her lecture.

When Zin Zin is 18, she will have got a degree.By the time Zin Zin is 18, she will have got a degree.

Note: We use By the time to talk about an event which is completed before another event.

Exercise 22. When the director arrived, everyone had already seated.

By the time ...............................................................................................................

2. When I finished telling the story, everybody had fallen asleep.By the

time ...............................................................................................................

3. The neighbours had already put out the fire when the fire-engines arrived.

By the time ...............................................................................................................

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4. It will be the end of December when we finish the first revision.By the

time ...............................................................................................................

5. She would have understood everything when the teacher finished her explanation.

By the time ...............................................................................................................

6. They will be regretted when they know the truth.By the

time ...............................................................................................................

7. They were very surprised when they came to uncover how pretentious she had been.

By the time ...............................................................................................................

8. They were very angry when they realized that they had been fooled.

By the time ...............................................................................................................

9. When the director ended his speech, everyone had changed the attitude.

By the time ...............................................................................................................

10. Breakfast is ready when my parents wake up.By the

time ...............................................................................................................

11. When Jim had done his work, he was already tired.By the

time ..............................................................................................................

12. When I finish this course, I will be well proficient in English.By the

time ..................................................................................................

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............13. Mother has already tired when she finishes her household chores.By the

time ...............................................................................................................

14. I am already tired out when I got home.By the

time ................................................................................................................

15. He will be a well off man when he comes back from Japan.By the

time ................................................................................................................

16. She will be as free as a bird when the exam is over.By the

time ................................................................................................................

17. Mother has finished cooking when we get back home.By the

time ...........................................................................................................

18. When she finished reading the letter, she knew the truth.By the

time ...............................................................................................

19. Everybody will have fallen asleep when she finishes her speech.By the time ………………………………………………………………

20. We were surprised when they announced the first prize winner.By the time

………………………………………………………………23. A decision might have been made when they finish the meeting.

By the time ………………………………………………………………

24. Buses are so crowded when you go back home.By the time

………………………………………………………………

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25. When the police arrived, the thief had already run away.By the time ………………………………………………………………

26. It will be too late when I get back home.By the time

………………………………………………………………27. It was too late when he knew the truth.

By the time ………………………………………………………………

KEY

1. By the time the director arrived, everyone had already seated.2. By the time I finished telling the story, everybody would have

fallen asleep.3. By the time the fire-engines arrived, the neighbours had already

put out the fire.4. By the time we finish the first revision, it will be the end of

December.5. By the time the teacher finished her explanation, they would have

understood everything.6. By the time they know the truth, they will be regretted.7. By the time they came to uncover how pretentious she had been, they were very surprised.

8. By the time they realized that they had been fooled, they were very angry.9. By the time the director ended his speech, everyone had changed the attitude.10. By the time my parents wake up, breakfast is ready.11. By the time Jim had done his work, he was already tired.12. By the time I finish this course, I will be well proficient in English.13. By the time she finishes her household chores, mother has already tired.14. By the time I got home, I am already tired out.15. By the time he comes back from Japan, he will be a well off man.16. By the time the time is over, she will be as free as a bird.

17. By the time we get back home, mother has finished ecooking.

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18. By the time he finished reading the letter, she knew the truth.19. By the time she finishes her speech, everybody will have fallen asleep.

20. By the time they announced the first prize winner, we were surprised.21. By the time they finish the meeting, a decision might have been made.22. By the time you go back home, buses will be so crowded.

23. By the time the police arrived, the thief had already run away.24. By the time I get back home, it will be too late.28. By the time he knew the truth, it was too late.

When / V-ing

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