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Grammar Book By: Patti Gerth
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Page 1: Grammar book

Grammar BookBy: Patti Gerth

Page 2: Grammar book

Table of Contents:

1. Ser2. Estar3. Hacer expressions4. Verbs like gustar5. Pretérito6. Trigger Words7. Car, Gar, Zar8. Spock9. Cucaracha Verbs10. Snakes and Snakeys11. DOP12. IOP13. Commands14. Irregular Commands)15. Se Impersonal

17. Past participle18. El Futuro19. Los Adjectivos Demonstrativos20. Imperfect tense21. Los mandatos Informales22. Model verbs23. Reflexive24. Saber vs. Conocer

Page 3: Grammar book

Ser D

O

C

T

O

R

P

E

D

SER

Description

Origin

Characteristics

Time

Occupation

Relationships

possession

Events

Dates

TO BE

(Permanent)

Page 4: Grammar book

H

E

L

P

I

N

G

ESTAR

Health

Emotions

Location (EN)

Present Condition

ar -> andoEr/ir -> endo-> yendo

Estar

TO BE

(Temporary)

Page 5: Grammar book

Hacer Expressions:

HACE TIME QUE VERB

EX: Hace dos años que viví en Francia.

Page 6: Grammar book

Verbs like GustaroGustar: to be pleasing to

oDoler (o-ue): to hurt

oFascinar: to fascinate

oMolestar: to bother

oEncantar: to love

oFaltar: to lack, or be in need of

o Importar: to be important to

oDisgustar: to be disgusting to

Page 7: Grammar book

Pretérito

oHas a definite time in the past with a beginning or end.

AR ER IRé í í

aste iste iste

ó ió ió

amos imos imos

aron ieron ieron

SAME ENDING!!

Page 8: Grammar book

Trigger Words:o Ayer: yesterdayo Anteayer: the day before yesterdayo A las ocho: at 8 o’clock o El miércoles: Wednesdayo El día anterior: the day beforeo El lunes pasado: last Mondayo El fin de semana: last weekendo Ayer por la mañana: yesterday morningo El otro día: the other dayo Una vez: on time/onceo Asta tarde: this afternoono Asta noche: tonighto Entonces: theno Desde el primer momento: from 1st momento Durante dos siglos: during 2nd century o En es momento: in that momento Hace dos dias:2 days ago

Page 9: Grammar book

Car, Gar, Zar [irregulars]

Tocar Jugar Comenzar

Toqué Jugué Comencé

Tocaste Jugaste Comentzaste

Tocó Jugó Comenzó

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

Page 10: Grammar book

Spock

VE

R DA

R

Dar/Ver- i-iste-io-imos-ieron

Ir/Ser- fui-fuiste-fue-fuimos-fueron

Hacer:-hice-hiciste-hizo-hicimos- hicieron

Page 11: Grammar book

La Cucaracha VerbsAndar- aduv…Estar- estuv…Poder- pud…Poner- pus…Querer- quis…Saber- sup…Tener- tuv…Venir- vin…Conducir- conduj…Producir- produj…Traducir- traduj…Decir- dij…Traer- traj…

-e (yo)-iste (tu)-o (usted, el ella)-imos (nosotros)-isteis (vosotros)-ieron (ellos, ellas, -ustedes)

Page 12: Grammar book

Snakes/Snakeys

YO: NOSOTROS:

Pedí Pendimos

TU: VOSOTROS:

Pediste Pedisteis

Pidió Pidieron

SNAKES:

SNAKEYS:

YO: NOSOTROS:

Leí Leímos

leíste Leísteis

Leyó Leyeron

Page 13: Grammar book

DOP

LO, LA, LOS, LAS, ME, TE, NOS

oAnswers the question WHAT is receiving the direct action of the verb.

oCan only be hooked onto an…

- Infinitive

- Affirmative commands

- Gerund/Present progressive

o ALL OTHER TIMES THE DOP COMES BEFORE THE CONJUGATED VERB!!!

Page 14: Grammar book

IOP

ome, te, le, nos, os, les

oAnswers to whom or for whomo In order to have a IOP you must also have a

DOP.

Change to se

1st IOP + 2nd DOP

Ex: give it to him

Déselo [accent on the third from last syllable]

Page 15: Grammar book

Commands

Tu: drop the ‘s’

Los irregulares: TVDISHES

Ud./Uds.: put in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel.

Los irregulares: TVDISHES

Tu: put it in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel, ad

an ‘s’

Los irregulares: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven

Ud./Uds.: same as above.

Los irregulares: TVDISHES

DOP+IOP can attach to an affirmative command

DOP+IOP must go before the negative command

Ar -> eIr/er -> a

Page 16: Grammar book

[Irregular commands]

Tener

Venir

Dar

Ir

Ser

Hacer

Estar

Saber

TENGO

VENGA

DE

VAYA

SEA

HAGA

ESTE

SEPA

Page 17: Grammar book

Se Impersonal:

1. Use se to avoid specify a person who is doing the action of the verb

-- Se vende el ropa.

2. verb is always in third person.

-- Se aquí se hable español.

3. Se can be used in tenses

-- Se hizo mucho.

-- Se hará mucho.

-- Se había hecho.

Page 18: Grammar book

Past Participles:

• -ado-ar

• -ido-er

• -ido-ir

When conjugating the past participle, you nee to do it just like when conjugating a verb. You just take off the ending and attach –ado or –ido, based on whether its an er, ir , or ar.

SAME ENDING!

Page 19: Grammar book

Irregular Past Participles:

Participle: Irregular form:

Abrir [to open] Abierto

Cubrir [to cover] Cubierto

Decir [to say] Dicho

Escribir [to write] Escrito

Freir [to fry] Frito

Hacer [to do] Hecho

Morir [to die] Muerto

Poner [to put] Puesto

Resolver [to resolve] Resuelto

Romper [to break] Roto

Ver [to see] Visto

Volver [to return] Vuelto

Page 20: Grammar book

El futuro

é emos

ás éis

á an

▫ All ending are the same for er, ir, and ar verbs.

▫ Infinitive + ending

▫ Ex: comé la carne

Page 21: Grammar book

Irregulars del Futuro

• Decir ------- dir

• Saber------- sabr

• Hacer------- har

• Poder------- podr

• Venir------- vendr

• Poner------- pondr

• Salir-------- saldr

• Querer----- querr

• Valer-------- valdr

Page 22: Grammar book

Ir + a +infinitive

• Included in el Futuro

• USE THIS WHEN YOU ARE GOING TO DO SOMETHING.

▫ Yo voy a viajar a España

Page 23: Grammar book

Los Adjectivos Demonstrativos:

• Takes the place of the noun

• Must agree with the number and gender of the noun it is replacing.

▫ THIS -- ESTE/ESTA [ex: esta casa]

▫ THAT – ESE/ESA o AQUEL/AQUELLA [ex: esa casa]

▫ THESE – ESTOS/ESTAS [ex: estas casas]

▫ THOSE – ESOS/ESAS o AQUELLOS/AQUELLAS [ex: aquellas casas]

Page 24: Grammar book

Imperfect Tense

• Used to describe past activities.

• DO NOT USE PRETERITE!!

CANTAR

Yo ------- cantaba

Tu -----cantabas

Ud/el/ella ----cantaba

Nos ------ cantabamos

Vos ------- cantabais

Uds. ------- cantaban

Page 25: Grammar book

Imperfect- irregulars:

• Iba• Ibas• Iba• Ibamos• Ibais• Ibam

• Era• Eras• Era• Eramos• Erais• Eran

• veia• Veias• Veia• Veimos• Veias• Veian

IR SER VER

Page 26: Grammar book

Mandatos Formales

• PUT IN YO FORM!!

• Then drop the o and change to the opposite vowel.

▫ Er and ir a

▫ Ar e

Page 27: Grammar book

Los Madatos Informales

Tu commands:

Positive drop the 's'

Negative1. put into yo form 2. change vowel 3.

Add 's'

IrregularesDecir -> di hace -> haz

ir -> ve ser -> se

poner -> pon venir -> ven tenir -> ten salir -> sal

Page 28: Grammar book

Modal Verbs

ir + a + infinitive [going to do something]

poder + infinitive [are able to]

querer + infinitive [to want]

deber + infinitive [should]

tener que + infinitive [to have to]

Page 29: Grammar book

Reflexives

me • used in yoform

te • used in túform

se• used in

él/ella form• used in

ellos(as) form

nos• used in

nosotrosform

os • used in vosotros form

Reflexive Pronouns

Page 30: Grammar book

Saber vs. Conocer

• To know • Factual information Saber

• To know or be familiar with.

• People, places, or things.

Conocer