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Antonio Baudo 7 th Period 10/28/12
21
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Page 1: Grammar book

Antonio Baudo

7th Period

10/28/12

Page 2: Grammar book

1. Nationalities

2. Stem Changers

3. Para

4. Indirect Object Pronouns

5. Object Pronoun Placement

6. Gustar

7. Affirmative/Negative Words

8. Superlatives

9. Reflexives

10. Affirmative Tú Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

11. Negative Tú Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

12. Sequencing Events

13. Preterite

14. Trigger Words

15. -Car, -Gar, -Zar

16. Deber + Infinitive

17. Modal Verbs

18. Present Progressive

19. Adverbs

Table of Contents

Page 3: Grammar book
Page 4: Grammar book

Stem-ChangersO-UE (dormir)

Duermo Dormimos

Duermes

Duerme Duermen

E-IE (Querer)

Quiero Queremos

Quieres

Quiere Quieren

U-UE (jugar)

Juego Jugamos

Juegas

Juega Juegan

Pido Pedimos

Pides

Pide Piden

E-I (pedir)

Page 5: Grammar book

Para indicates:

1. a recipient of an item

• Ellie compra un regalo para su amiga.

2. a purpose

• Voy a la tienda para comprar la comida.

3. an implied purpose

• Tengo dinero para (comprar) algo.

Para

Page 6: Grammar book

Indirect Object PronounsMe Nos

Te

Le Les

Answers:To Whom?For Whom?

METyler compra la comida a mi.Tyler me compra la comida.

TETyler compra la comida a ti.Tyler te compra la comida.

LETyler compra la comida a Elena.Tyler le compra la comida.

NOSTyler compra la comida a nosotros.Tyler nos compra la comida.

LESTyler compra la comida a ellos.Tyler les compra la comida.

Comes before the conjugated verb.

Page 7: Grammar book

Attach the pronoun to the infinitive

Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense

Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command

Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb

Object Pronoun Placement

Page 8: Grammar book

Gustar -To like

Me gusta(n) Nos gusta(n)

Te gusta(n)

Le gusta(n) Les gusta(n)

Gusta(n) will always have me/te/le/nos/les in front of it

Gusta is when the object pronoun is singular.-Te gusta el regalo.

Gustan is when the pronoun is plural.-Te gustan los regalos.

Me gusta bailar.I like to dance.

Le gustan los gatos.He likes the cats.

Nos gusta la fiesta.We like the party.

Te gustan los chicas.You like the girls.

Page 9: Grammar book

Affirmative/Negative Words

Algo Something

Alguien Someone

Algùn/Alguno Some

Siempre Always

Tambien Also

Nada Nothing

Nadie No one

Ningùn/Ninguno None

Nunca Never

Tampoco Neither/Either

Algùn y ningùn come before a singular masculine noun. Any other noun is alguno or ninguno (the exceptions are nunca and nadie).

Double negatives are required in Spanish.

Siempre, me lavo los dientes.

¿Algo más?

Nunca pongo la mesa.

No tengo ninguno pasta de dientes.

Page 10: Grammar book

Superlatives

-Means very

-ísimo -ísimos-ísima -ísimas

Alto Altísimo

Fuerte Fuertísimo

C, G, or Z become Qu, Gu, C

Rico RiquísimoLarga LargísimaFeliz Felicísimo

N or R become –císimo

Joven JovencísimoTrabajador Trabajadorcísimo

Page 11: Grammar book

Reflexives-verb done to oneself-identified with –se

Bañarse (to bathe)You bathe yourself.Te bañas.

1. Drop the –se2. Conjugate the verb3. Add the correct pronoun

to the front

-me -nos

-te

-se -seAcostarse (to lie down)I lie down.Me acuesto.

Maquillarse (to put on make up)Sarah puts on make up.Sarah se maquilla.

Page 12: Grammar book

Affirmative Tú Commands/ Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

-Put in él/ella/Ud. form for regulars-

Decir Di

Hacer Haz

Ir Ve

Poner Pon

Salir Sal

Ser Sé

Tener Ten

Venir Ven

Irregulars

Run. Corre.

Leave. Sal.

Attach an object pronoun to the end of the command.

Put it. Ponla.

Wash it. Lavalo.

Page 13: Grammar book

Negative Tú Commands/ Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

Put it in the yo form.Add an “s”Use the opposite vowel (ar-e and er/ir-a)Don’t play. No jueges.

Irregulars

Decir No digas

Hacer No hagas

Ir No vayas

Poner No pongas

Salir No salgas

Ser No seas

Tener No tengas

Venir No vengas

Don’t leave. No salgas.

Place an object pronoun before the command.

Don’t play it (the sport).No lo jueges.

Page 14: Grammar book

Sequencing Events

Primero First

Entonces Then

Luego/Después Later/After

Por fin Finally

Antes de Before

Después de After

Por la mañana/tarde/noche In/During the …

Los lunes, etc. On mondays, etc.

Page 15: Grammar book

Preterite Past Tense

Ar Er/Ir

é í

aste iste

ó ió

amos imos

aron ieron

Yo

Él/ella/

Ud.

Nosotr

os

Ellos/El

las/

Uds.

Snapshot in Time

Page 16: Grammar book

Trigger Words

Page 17: Grammar book

-Car, -Gar, -Zar

Preterite yo form: changes to –qué, -gué, -cé

Toqué Tocamos

Tocaste

Tocó Tocaron

Jugué Jugamos

Jugaste

Jugó Jugaron

Comencé Comenzamos

Comenzaste

Comenzó Comenzaron

Tocar

Jugar Comenzar

Page 18: Grammar book

Deber + Infinitive Deber = should or ought to

1. Conjugate deber. 2. Add the infinitive.

Debo comer. Debemos comer.I should eat. We should eat.

Debes comer. You should eat.

Debe comer. Deben comer.He should eat. They should eat.

Page 19: Grammar book

Modal Verbs

When you have two verbs in a row:1. The first one is conjugated.2. The second must be an infinitive.

Deber + Infinitive

Puede comer.He is able to eat.

Quiero nadar.I want to swim.

Page 20: Grammar book

Present Progressive-ING Estar + Verb (-ando/-iendo)

Add –ando the verbs that end in –ar.Add –iendo to verbs that end in –er/-ir.

Estoy escribiendo.I am writing.

Ir is not iendo. It’s yendo.

Creer is not creiendo. It’s creyendo.

Leer is not leiendo. It’s leyendo.

Double vowel

Page 21: Grammar book

Adverbs

-ly = -mente

Adjectives like tranquilo are changed to adverbs by changing to –o to –a and adding –mente(tranquilamente).Adjectives like reciente are changed to adverbs by adding –mente (recientemente).Adjectives like feliz just need a –mente (felizmente).

2+ in a row:Only add –mente to the last one, but the previous ones that end in-o must be changed to an –a (tranquila y felizmente)