Top Banner
Grammar Book By: Antonio Capozzi
21
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Grammar book

Grammar Book

By: Antonio Capozzi

Page 2: Grammar book

Table of Contents3. Presente -ar –er –ir 4. Stem Changers 5. Irregulars –go –zco –yo6. Saber vs conocer7. Reflexives8. ‘se’ impersonal9. Dipthongs10. Verbs like…Uir/guir11. Verbs like…Cer/cir12. Verbs like…Ger/gir13. Hace +__+ que + present/presentente14. Imperfecto 15. Preterite 16. Car, gar, zar17. Spock18. cucaracha19. Snake/snakeys20. Comparatives/Superlatives21. Futuro

Page 3: Grammar book

Ar, Er, Ir

• Los verbos regulares en el presente

Ar-o amosas ana

Er-

o emos

Es en

e

Ir-

o imos

es en

e

Caminar-

Camino Caminamos

Caminas Caminan

CaminaComer-

Como Comemos

Comes Comen

Come

Vivir-

Vivo Vivimos

Vives Viven

Vive

Page 4: Grammar book

Stem Changers aka Boot verbs

• The verbs change in the root• They do not change in the nosotros form or

the vosotros• E ie• O ue• U ue

Yo nosotros

Tú vosotros

El/ella/utd Ellos/Ellas/Utds

Pensar-

Penso

Pienso

Page 5: Grammar book

Irregulars -go -zco -yo

• The “go” “zco” verbs are only in the irregulars in the yo form

• “go” verbs- caer, decir, oir, puner, hacer, tener, traer, venir

• “zco” verbs (cer/cir)- conocer, producir, conducir• y los demás – ser, ir, estar, ver, saber, dar

Yo - Conozco

Yo - Produzco

Yo - Conduzco

Yo – Tengo

Yo – Hago

Yo - Vengo

Ser- Ir-

Soy Somos Voy Vamos

Eres Son Vas Van

Es Va

Page 6: Grammar book

Saber Vs Conocer

• Both saber y conocer translate to the English verb to know

• Both “yo” forms are irregular

Conocer- Conozco conocemosConoces ConocenConoce

Saber – Sé sabemosSabes sabenSabe

Page 7: Grammar book

Reflexives

• Brenda se lava- se is reflexive• Reflexives also can be added on the end of an

infinitive. Such as…- Puedo verme en el espejo

Page 8: Grammar book

‘se impersonal

• pronoun ”se” is in front of verbs to make general statements.

• ¿cómo se dice man en español?• In English it translates to either “you say” or

“one says.”

Page 9: Grammar book

Dipthongs w/accents

• Dipthongs are the strong or weak vowels in a word next to each other.

• Strong vowel sounds are a,e,o.• Weak vowel sounds are i,u,y.• puerto, ciudad, siete, hay.

*two strong vowels cannot be in the same syllable

Page 10: Grammar book

Verbs like…Uir/Guir

Guir Uir

-Yo form only changes from Gu to G -Conseguirconsigoconsiguesconsigueconseguimosconsiguen

-Nosotros form is the only that doesn’t change.-Verbs that end in -uir (not guir) add y before o, e, and a endings-atribuir atribuyoatribuyesatribuyeatribuimosatribuyen

Page 11: Grammar book

Verbs like…Cer/cir

• Verbs that end in a vowel + cer or cir add z before the c in the yo form only.

• Verbs that end in a consonant + cer or cir change the c to z in the yo form only.

• conducir = conduzco• ejercer = ejerzo

Page 12: Grammar book

Verbs like…Ger/gir

• Verbs that end in ger and gir change the g to j in the yo form only.

• coger = cojo• fingir = finjo

Page 13: Grammar book

Hace +__+ que + Present/Presentente

• The yo form is the only irregular• Hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen

Page 14: Grammar book

Imperfecto

• The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.

• Yo caminaba todo los días.

Er/Ir-

íaíasíaíamosían

Ar-abaabasabaábamosaban

Ser-

eraeraseraéramoseran

Ver-

veíaveíasveíaveíamosveían

Ir-

ibaibasibaíbamosiban

Page 15: Grammar book

Preterite

• “Snapshot” of time.• Known beginning and or ending• Trigger words: ayer, anoche, aneayer, la

semana pasada ect…

É ÍAste isteó ióAmos imosAron ieron

Page 16: Grammar book

Car, gar, zar

• Car qué• Gar qué• Zar cé• * 1st person only “yo”

Page 17: Grammar book

Spock

HacerIr/ser

Dar/ver

hicehicistehizohicimoshicieron

FuiFuiste FueFuimos Fueron

d/v - id/v - isted/v - io d/v - imosd/v - ieron

Page 18: Grammar book

Cucaracha

ÉisteOimosieron“j” verbs i

Andar anduvEstar estuvPoder pudPoner pusQuerer quisSaber supTener tuvVenir vinConducir condujProducir produjTraducir tradujTraer trajDecir dij

EronEron

Page 19: Grammar book

Snake/Snakey

• Stem changers and Y changers

Dormir-Dormi dormimosDormisteDurmio Durmieron

Leer-Leí leimosLeisteLeyó leyeron

Page 20: Grammar book

Comparatives/Superlatives Adjective Comparative Translation Superlative Translationbueno good mejor que better el / la mejor the bestmalo bad peor que worse el / la peor the worstviejo old mayor que older el / la mayor the oldestjoven young menor que younger el / la menor the youngest

Page 21: Grammar book

El Futuro

• Infinitives & -

vivir = viviré

ÉÁs ÁEmosÁn

“Will factor”

Ir + a + infinitive (immediate future)

Decir- to sayHaber- there to be/to haveHacer- to make doPoder-to be able Poner- to put,place,restQuerer-to want, loveSaber- to knowSalir- to leave, go outTener-to haveValer- to be worthVenir- to come