Grammar 4 powerpoint intro

Grammar 4INTRODUCTION TO X-WORD GRAMMAR

English is a word order language

An English sentence has a set order

1 2 3 4 5Each part of the sentence has its own order.

Each part of the sentence has its own order.

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

Repetition

These little packages of

words can be used in more

than one place in the

sentence.

Repetition

These little packages of

words can be used in more

than one part of the

sentence.

The 2 basic packages are

Noun Boxes Verb Phrases

TRUNK

English is a word order language

A simple English sentence is a Subject and Predicate.

We call this a TRUNK.

A typical TRUNK

The VERB is a VERB PHRASE

VERB

We will begin with VERB Phrases

X-Word (middle word) Main Verb

is always studying

X-Words Middle words Main verb

(the verb with meaning)

Verb Phrase

Every verb phrase has a place for an X-Word, a Middle Word, and a Main Verb

X-Word facts

There are 20 X-Words

There are about 13 “semi-modals

Every sentence has an x-word, but it

might be hidden behind the main verb

Most X-words and Semi-modals are followed by

the BASE form of the verb - Vb

X-WordsX-words have 5 uses

2. They move in front of the subject to make questions

3. They combine with “not” to make a sentence negative

4. They indicate time (tense)

5. They add meaning (probability, real or imagined, politeness, regret, obligation)

1. They help you find the subject

X-Words

have has had

do does did

am is are was were

can could

shall should

will would

must might may

be going to

be willing to

be supposed to

have to

have got to

need to

want to

ought to

used to

Middle words

Main Verbs

X-Word Middle word Main verb

not

never

probably

really

usually

also

almost

just

only

kind of

pretty (moderately high)

totally

and more….

Middle words are adverbs that go

between the X-Word and the Verb

He is really nice.

She really likes him.

He might really ask her out.

Verb Phrase

X-Word Middle word Main verb

Verb Phrase

Main verbs have 6 forms each

There are a limitless number of main verbs.

New verbs come into the language all the time.

New verbs are all regular

to Skype to google to text

Main Verbs have 6 forms

Vb Ving DTN VxO VxS Vxd

go going gone go goes went

want wanting wanted want wants wanted

Main Verbs have 6 forms

Vb Ving DTN VxO VxS Vxd

go going gone go goes went

want wanting wanted want wants wanted

do

does

did

can could

will would

shall should

all semi-

modals

am, is, are, was, were

have, has, had

The Subject is a NOUN BOX

NOUN BOX

Then SUBJECTS and other Noun

Boxes

Dt Ds Noun

Her beautiful daughter

We will see how noun boxes and

Verbs are used in other parts of a

sentence.