Grammar 101 Woo Hoo! Parts of Speech The “math” of English AT/H English 9A 2013.

Grammar 101Woo Hoo!

Parts of SpeechThe “math” of English

AT/H English 9A2013

The 8 Parts of Speech

• Noun

• Verb

• Pronoun

• Adjective

• Adverb

• Preposition

• Interjection

• Conjunction

Noun

• noun - a person, thing, place, OR IDEA!!

EX: mother, apple, love, group, or valley. – Proper (New York)– Common (mouse)– Collective (class)– Concrete (table)– Abstract (beauty)

***TIP***

• Nouns are usually preceded with a NOUN INDICATOR:

– A– AN– THE

PROPER NOUNS

• A proper noun always starts with a capital letter.

• EX: Jacob, United Nations, The Lion King, Africa, Tower of London, Uncle Peter

COMMON NOUNS

A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place or thing.

EX: car, boy, bridge, town, water

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

• A collective noun is the word used for a group (or collection) of people or things.

EX: choir, team, jury, band, class

CONCRETE NOUNS

• A concrete noun names a person, place or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).

• Examples: photograph, music, pears, sandpaper, rose, Brooklyn Bridge

ABSTRACT NOUNS

An abstract noun names an idea, feeling, quality or characteristic

• Examples: love, fun, freedom, self-esteem, beauty, honor, wisdom, Buddhism

Some practice:

Erica has high hopes for the future.

What are the nouns?Which ones are

abstract/concrete/proper/common? Can they be more than both??

• An adjective is a word that modifies and describes (tells about a noun)

– Think colorful, descriptive words

• A green bike

• A huge grapefruit

Adjective

Verb

• A verb is a type of word that describes an action or a state of being.

EX: wiggle, walk, run, jump, be, do, have, or think.

Action Linking Being

Something you do

Cry, kiss, talk, eat

Connector

Feel, appear, grow, smellhear

Forms of “is” and “are”

Have been, were, is, am, was, be, being, been

Types of Verbs

Adverb

• An adverb is a word that tells "how," "when," "where," or "how much.”

Ex:

easily, warmly, quickly, mainly, freely, often, and unfortunately.

These OFTEN, but do not always end in –ly

Pronoun

• A pronoun is a substitute for a noun.

Some pronouns are: I, me, she, hers, he, him, it, you, they, them, etc.

Preposition

• A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of one object to another (in terms of space, time, or positioning).

The words above, near, at, by, after, with and from are prepositions.

BEE and the BOX

Interjection

• An interjection is a word that expresses emotion. An interjection often starts a sentence but it can be contained within a sentence or can stand alone.

Examples:

Oh! Wow! Ugh! Hurray! Eh! and Ah!

Conjunction

• A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases, clauses or sentences.

Some conjunctions are: and, as, because, but, or, since, so, until, and while.

***FANBOYS – always use a comma when connecting two independent clauses

, FANBOYS

• F – , for • A – , and • N - , nor• B - , but• O – , or• Y – , yet • S – , so

Questions?

• 8 parts of speech or usage?

• Let's check answers to Ch. 4 TKAM summary