Grain rotations in ultrafine-grained aluminum films studied using in situ TEM straining with automated crystal orientation mapping Ehsan Izadi a , Amith Darbal b , Rohit Sarkar c , Jagannathan Rajagopalan a,c, ⁎ a Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA b Nanomegas USA, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA c Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA HIGHLIGHTS • Large grain rotations occur during load- ing and are partially or fully reversible in a significant fraction of grains during unloading. • Despite a sharp reduction in stress dur- ing unloading, the direction of rotation remains unchanged for a small fraction of grains. • Reversible grain and twin boundary mi- grations, possibly caused by local stress reversal, are observed during both load- ing and unloading. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT abstract article info Article history: Received 12 June 2016 Received in revised form 6 October 2016 Accepted 7 October 2016 Available online 11 October 2016 In situ TEM straining allows probing deformation mechanisms of ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline metals. While obtaining statistically meaningful information about microstructural changes using conventional bright- field/dark-field imaging or diffraction is time consuming, automated crystal orientation mapping in TEM (ACOM-TEM) enables tracking orientation changes of hundreds of grains simultaneously. We use this technique to uncover extensive grain rotations during in situ tensile deformation of a freestanding, ultrafine-grained alumi- num film (thickness 200 nm, mean grain size 180 nm). During loading, both the fraction of grains that undergo rotations and the magnitude of their rotations increase with strain. The rotations are partially or fully reversible in a significant fraction of grains during unloading, leading to notable inelastic strain recovery. More surprisingly, the direction of rotation remains unchanged for a small fraction of grains during unloading, despite a sharp reduc- tion in the applied stress. The ACOM-TEM measurements also provide evidence of reversible and irreversible grain/twin boundary migrations in the film. These microstructural observations point to a highly inhomogeneous and constantly evolving stress distribution in the film during both loading and unloading. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: In situ TEM Automated crystal orientation map Reversible grain rotation Bauschinger effect Grain boundary migration Detwinning 1. Introduction It is well known that grain size refinement is a powerful tool to en- hance the performance of metallic materials. In terms of mechanical properties, nanocrystalline (NC) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals are known to exhibit higher yield and fatigue strength, improved Materials and Design 113 (2017) 186–194 ⁎ Corresponding author at: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Rajagopalan). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.015 0264-1275/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials and Design journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matdes
Grain rotations in ultrafine-grained aluminum films studied using in situ TEM straining with automated crystal orientation mapping
Jun 16, 2023
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