Slide 1
Graduation Project title:
DESIGN OF YABAD SECONDARY BOYS SCHOOL
An- Najah National UniversityFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of
Building EngineeringDepartment of Civil EngineeringGraduation
Project
Supervised ByDr .Monther Dowaikat
Prepared by:Shehadeh IsmailJameel Abu BakerRami Abu Baker
Chapter one: Introduction
GeneralMaterialsLoads Codes and standardsBuilding structural
systemMain topics General:
The Ya'bad's secondary boys school is composed of one block,
that consists of three floors with an area of 714 m2,and the total
area of site is 3395 m2 .The ground floor includes class rooms,
entrance hall, computer lab, art and crafts room and administration
office.The first floor includes class rooms, teachers room and
science lab.The second floor includes class rooms.The exterior
walls are masonry that is formed of concrete, blocks and masonry
stones. The interior walls are made of blocks. Chapter One
Introduction
Materials:
Structural elements:Concrete fc` = 240 kg/cm2 Steel fy = 4200
kg/cm2.
There are non structural materials that are used in the
structure which are:Blocks.Masonry stone. Tiles.Filling under
tiles.
Chapter One Introduction Loads:There are two main types of
loads:Gravity loads:Live load: 0.3 ton/m2 (class room).0.5 ton/ m2
(corridors and stairs) 0.5 ton/ m2 (halls and labs).0.2 ton/m2
(roof).2.5 ton/m2(stair roof)Dead load: it is consisting of own
weight of the structure and any permanent components. The super
imposed dead load is 0.5 ton/m2
Chapter One Introduction Lateral load Seismic loads:The
structure is located in Jenin area which is classified as zone 2B
according to Palestine seismic zones. The UBC97 code seismic
parameters are as follows:The seismic zone factor, Z= 0.2.The soil
is very dense soil and soft rock, so the soil type is Sc.The
importance factor, I= 1.0 .The ductility factor, R= 5.6.The seismic
coefficient, Ca=0.24.The seismic coefficient, Cv=0.32.Chapter One
Introduction
Codes and Standards:ACI 318-05UBC-97IBC 2009ASTMBuilding
Structural System:
The slabs structural system is formed of one way ribbed slabs
with drop beams. The beams are supported by separate columns which
are the main vertical structural elements. The building structural
system is formed of perimeter and stair case shear walls which is
the main lateral forces resisting structural system, in addition to
the building frames of beams and columns.
Chapter One Introduction Chapter two: Architectural And
Environmental Analysis and Design
Architectural systemEnvironmental system
Main topics Architectural system:
This building is composed of one block with three floors that
includes inertial hall which make this building special compared
with other schools.The area of each floor is 714m2 while the total
area of building is 3395 m2 .A typical floor plan is shown in the
following figure:Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental
Analysis and Design
Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and
Design
West elevation
North elevationChapter Two Architectural And Environmental
Analysis and Design
South elevation
East elevationChapter Two Architectural And Environmental
Analysis and DesignEnvironmental system
Environmental design is very important as much as the
architectural and structural design, where the environmental
analysis of the location is the first step that must be carried out
by the engineer .This analysis including the study of climatic
factors such as solar radiation , temperature , wind and humidity
in addition to thermal insulation used.
Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and
DesignClassification of the project area climate shown in this
figure This area located in the climatic zone-5The design
temperature in winter 8.3 and in summer 33.Relative humidity for
(zone-five) is between (61.5-65.5) in summer and between
(65.9-73.7) in winterThe average wind speed (7.9) km / h.
Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and
DesignWind movement in the project area:Chapter Two Architectural
And Environmental Analysis and Design
Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and
DesignSolar radiation in the project area:
According to calculations the appropriate dimension of sun
breaker shown in this figure.
Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and
DesignThermal insulation:The walls insulated by Polystyrene board
in the middle with thermal conductivity 0.03 w/m.c and thickness
3cm and asphalt mix for ceiling with thickness 2cm as shown in this
figure
Chapter Two Architectural And Environmental Analysis and
DesignChapter Three: Structural Analysis and Design GeneralSlab
systems and designBeam designColumn designProperty/Stiffness
Modification FactorsStructural Model VerificationDesign of
SlabsDesign of BeamsDesign of ColumnsDesign of FootingsDesign of
stair and shear wall
Main topics Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and
DesignGeneral:This chapter includes 1D & 3D modeling for the
project. The sections for slabs, beams, and columns are assumed and
defined.
Structural analysis comprises of set of physical and
mathematical laws required to study and predict the behavior of
structures under a given set of actions. The structural analysis of
the model is aimed to determine the external reactions at the
supports and the internal forces like bending moments, shear
forces, and normal forces for the different members. These internal
member forces are used to design the cross section of three
elements.1D Analysis and Design:One way ribbed slabs :The
deflection is the most important factor that controls the slab
thickness, Minimum thickness of one way ribbed slab from ACI318-08
equals (L/18.5) for one end continuous. Chapter Three Structural
Analysis and Design
Beam design:
Generally, concrete beams have a rectangular cross section since
it is easy to be constructed in the field
All beams must be able to resist shear, bending moments, and
torsional stressesChapter Three Structural Analysis and
DesignColumn Design:
Columns are structural elements used primarily to support axial
compressive loads, that coming from slabs or beams above.
Practically columns are subjected not to axial loads but also to
moment from direct loading or end rotation.Chapter Three Structural
Analysis and DesignChapter ThreeStructural Analysis and
DesignCompatibility check:
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignEquilibrium Check
:The total building dead load = 2084.8 tonThe total building live
load= 739.58 tonThe total building super imposed dead load =
1426.992 tonFrom SAP2000: Total dead load= 2044.8 ton Total live
load= 747.36 tonTotal Sup. Imp. D.L = 1461.1 tonError % in dead
load = 2 %< 5% ok.Error % in live load = 1.0 %< 5% ok.Error %
in super imposed D.L = 2.4 %< 5% ok.
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignCheck Internal
Forces:Slabs & Beams:In order to check the internal forces in
slabs and beams the bending moment values for number of spans will
be obtained from SAP2000 and compared with the value of (L2\8),
where ( = 1.2D + 1.6L).
Columns:As for columns the axial force values will be compared
between SAP2000 and the manual method.
- Where in any, the percentage error should not exceed 20-25
%
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and Design
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignBeams of Block
1BeamDimension of beam (bXh)(cmXcm)stationArea of steel due to
moment and torsionMomentShearspanArea of steel(cm) +veArea of
steel(cm) -ve# of barsBottomAs minAs provided# of barsTopAs minAs
provided# of
barsB1830X75Left4.8257.1287.1284165.6597.1287.128416110/105Middle5.1817.1287.1284.6597.1287.12841618/15Right4.7697.1287.1285.4917.1287.128416110/10Left5.3467.1287.1284165.1207.1287.128416110/106Middle5.3467.1287.1285.6637.1287.12841618/15Right5.8187.1287.1288.2067.1288.206416110/10B1925X60Left5.1584.7035.1585147.3214.7037.321514110/101Middle7.7364.7037.7363.8204.7034.70341218/15Right4.8794.7034.8797.0594.7037.059514110/10B2025X60Left4.8054.7034.8055145.3274.7035.327512110/101Middle6.9434.7036.9433.4334.7034.70341218/15Right4.5604.7034.7035.2614.7035.261512110/10B2130X75Left4.5157.1287.1284165.8347.1287.128416110/101Middle4.6797.1287.1284.2527.1287.12841618/15Right4.5447.1287.1284.6597.1287.128416110/10Chapter
ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignFloor ColumnsDetailsC1C2C31st
floorSection50x2550x2540x25rebar percentage1.56%1%1%AS19.512.510.0#
of bars10168168142nd floorSection50x2550x2540x25rebar
percentage1.56%1%1%AS19.512.510.0# of bars10168168143rd
floorSection50x2550x2540x25rebar percentage1.56%1%1%AS19.512.510.0#
of bars1016816814Footing:
Footings are defined as the substructure whose function is to
transmit safely the concentrated column or wall reactions to the
soil stratum.footings which used in this project can be classified
into the following types:
1) Isolated footing: they have rectangular, square, or circular
shape. This type of footing is used for small loads, and/or large
soil allowable bearing capacity.
2) Wall footing: it is a continuous footing along the length of
the wall.
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and Design Chapter
ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignIDGravity Service(ton)Seismic
Service(ton)gravity area(m)seismic area(m)control
area(m)Dimensions(mXm)PU( ton)H(cm)Reinforcement
/mF1901053.63.23.61.8x213250714F21331345.024.15.022.1 x
2.417050814F3504621.421.4 x 1.66050714
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignDesign Of Shear
Walls:
Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force
resisting system
Shear walls should be located on each level of the structure, to
form an effective box structure, equal length shear walls are
preferred to be placed symmetrically on all exterior walls of the
building.
Shear walls must provide the necessary lateral strength to
resist horizontal earthquake forces. When shear walls are strong
enough, they will transfer these horizontal forces to the next
element in the load path below them. Design Of Stairs:
In this section stairs was designed, started by estimating the
dead load and live load for this stairs, then performed and
analyzed as simple model by SAP2000 program and took the
deflection, shear and moment on it.
Thickness of slab:One end continuous
t =L/24use 20 cm thicknessChapter ThreeStructural Analysis and
DesignSection reinforcement
Chapter ThreeStructural Analysis and DesignChapter four:
Mechanical Design
Water Systems Designdrainage System designDesign of Fire
ProtectionHVAC System:(heating ,ventilation and air
conditioning)
Main topics Chapter four Mechanical Design Water Systems
design:Feeding water to buildings depends on the idea of the fall
of water under the influence of gravity from roof tank and the
pressure head which is developed.
There are three collectors 1,2 and 3 in the building ,every one
has pipes that diameter calculated through the total number of
fixture units that belong to every one and available pressure at
the fixtures then by using a relevant tables diameter
determined.
Otal 39Chapter four Mechanical DesignSo the diameters was found
as following: for main pipe from tank to collectors 1&2 is 2
",and to collector 3 is 1.5 " , but for pipes from collectors to
fixture is 3/4 ".Chapter four Mechanical Designdrainage System
design:The diameter for drainage is determined according to the
demand weight of fixtures by using the relevant tables The diameter
of the main stack =4 inch.The size of the vent = 2 inchFor water
closets the diameter of pipe = 4 incFor lavatories the diameter of
pipe = 2 inch.For wall urinal the diameter of pipe = 2 inch.For
outside pipe to septic tank the diameter =5 inch. and slope the
total # of (FU)=149 so The capacity of septic tank is 18m3.
Chapter four Mechanical DesignDesign of Fire ProtectionTow
systems are used; sprinklers for rooms and fire house and fire
extinguisher for corridor and hall.
Chapter four Mechanical DesignThe number of sprinklers is
determined according to rooms area and hazard degree of it by using
this table:
So the sprinklers number for teacher &class rooms equal (4)
and for art room equal (7 )and for headmaster, secretary and
kitchen equal (1)
Chapter four Mechanical DesignHVAC system:(heating ,ventilation
and air conditioning)(HVAC) systems function is to provide healthy
and comfortable interior conditions for occupants; well-designed,
efficient systems do this with minimal non-renewable energy and
cost and to achieve this the Polystyrene insulation used to help in
this process.Chapter four Mechanical DesignDesign conditionThis
table shows the outside and inside design condition
Chapter four Mechanical DesignHeating load calculationThese
equations that will we use in calculationRtotal=R1+R2++RnV vent =
from tables by using rooms area and occupants V inf =ASH*room
volume QLvent =3.Vvent (wi wo)Vcirc=Qs cond+Qs ven/1.2(Tcirc
Ti)Qtotal=Qs cond+Qsvent+Qdoestic Qcond=A.U. t Qsvent.=1.2.Vvent
(Ti To)M cir =( Qs)cond + Qs) vent)/Cpw*(Ti Td)
Chapter four Mechanical DesignTo find Qcond=A.U. t , U (over all
heat transfer)is calculated for external & internal walls and
for windows, doors, and floor and here an example for an external
wall
Rtotal=Ri+x/k +Ro U=1/R=1.14w/ m.c
Chapter four Mechanical DesignThen all the previous equations is
applied on every room to determine the heat loss through walls,
windows, doors and floor for each room The sum of these values is
the heating load
Q tot=Q rooms= 202400 W=202.4 KW
Q boiler =1.1*Qtotal = 222.64 Kw
Chapter four Mechanical DesignPump selectionTo select the pump
for heating systemPipe length = 65 mLe =65*1.5 = 97.5 m V=m' =
Qtotal/(CpT) =4.041 L/sFrom fig select the correct one which is
:200 pa/m < (p/Le)< 550 pa/mThen type of pump is (HD3)
Chapter four Mechanical Designcooling calculation:for every room
calculatecalculate load from people (from tables)load from
lighting= W * CLF (cooling load factor for lighting)load from
equipments=Qs=qs *clf Q conv wall =U*A*CLTD corr for
east,west,north andsouth walls where CLTD corr =(CLTD +LM
)K+(25.5-Ti)+(To-29.4 ) all these terms are from tables
Chapter four Mechanical DesignHeat Transfer through
glass(windows) for all windowsQ=A*SHG*SC*CLF + U*A*(CLTD)corrall
these terms are from tablesThe sum of all results from the previous
calculations is theThe cooling load (Qtotal ) for ground floor =
42500 WWhich is equal to 7791.6 cfmQtotal for the chiller=42.5Kw
=42.5/2.25= 19 tonThen determining of # of diffusers in each room
and duct sizing
Chapter four Mechanical Design
Main topics
Chapter four: Electrical Design
IntroductionCalculation for Number of Lamps for Each SpaceSocket
CalculationNumber OF Circuit Breakers Main Current and Section of
WiresChapter five Electrical DesignIntroductionEver engineer must
know properly how to enter electricity into the building properly
and without any conflict with the rest of the disciplines
Calculations must be done to determine the number of lamps,
sockets and breakers according to the demand lighting and
power.
Chapter five Electrical DesignLamps used in this project
Chapter five Electrical DesignCalculation for Number of Lamps
for Each Space
N = (Em * A) / (n*Fl*Km*Kn)
where N is Number of Lamps for Each Space which is shown in next
figure
Chapter five Electrical Design
Chapter five Electrical DesignSocket CalculationEvery number of
sockets is according to assumptionAssume every socket has (5 A)So
Psocet = I * V *Df *Sf = 260 wattSo the total power for sockets in
all rooms is (28080) watt
Chapter five Electrical DesignNumber OF Circuit Breakers :For
lighting is 14 C.B of (10A)For power is 8 C.B of (16A)
Chapter five Electrical DesignMain Current and Section of
Wirestotal load on main circuit for lighting (27)Amp and for
Power(128)Amp and for main C.B is (78)sections (diameters ) of
wires :
area(mm)uses1.5Lighting2.5Power50Main cable
Thanks for listening