Grade 8 TEKS/TAKS: U.S. Colonial Period through Reconstruction Presentation by Mr. Hataway Created April 9, 2005 Revised April 14, 2010
Jan 12, 2016
Grade 8 TEKS/TAKS:U.S. Colonial Periodthrough Reconstruction
Presentation by Mr. HatawayCreated April 9, 2005Revised April 14, 2010
1607 First permanent
English settlement in North America established by the Virginia Company.
Settlement called Jamestown in honor of King James I of England.
1607 What factors encouraged settlement?
Peace with Spain Lure of adventure Markets and the prospect of religious
freedom
1776 June 7, 1776,
Richard Henry Lee of Virginia moves for independence at the Second Continental Congress.
1776 Committee
including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston, charged with drafting the document.
1776 July 4, 1776, fifty-six representatives
from the thirteen colonies approved the Declaration of Independence.
Unalienable Rights Fundamental rights. Natural rights guaranteed to people
naturally instead of by law. The Declaration of Independence equates
natural rights with several truths, “that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
Articles of Confederation
The nation’s first constitution Adopted by the Second Continental
Congress in 1781 during the Revolution.
Gave Congress limited authority. Congress lacked the power to tax,
regulate trade, or control coinage.
1787
Between May 25 and September 17, 1787, delegates met in Philadelphia to revise the Article of Confederation.
1787 Instead they drafted
a new Constitution. Federalists and Anti-
federalists faced off over issues of states’ rights, human liberties, and governmental authority.
Federalist Papers Series of 85 essays which explained the
new government and the division of power. Written by leading Federalists John Jay,
James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton.
Federalist Papers
For example, in The Federalist #10, Hamilton defines the republican form of government which Federalists envisioned and the process of electing representatives to Congress.
1803
The U.S., under the leadership of President Thomas Jefferson, acquired the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon Bonaparte, ruler of France, for $15 million.
Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.
1803
1803
Marbury v. Madison Established the principle of
judicial review, the power of the courts to determine that a law can be declared unconstitutional.
War of 1812
“The Second War of Independence”
U.S. drawn into war because of economic ties to warring nations of Great Britain and France.
They paid little attention to right of U.S. to trade or to remain neutral in their war.
War of I812
Pres. James Madison asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain.
War of I812
Three main reasons for war: Impressment of U.S. sailors Violation of U.S. rights at sea British support of Native American
opposition to colonial settlement.
War of 1812 After defeating
Napoleon in mid-1814, the British took more aggressive action. Invaded several ports Set fire to the White
House and the Capitol.
War of 1812
Treaty of Ghent Signed in December 1814 formally
ending the war.
War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans
Took place two weeks later – Jan. 8, 1815
Gen. Andrew Jackson won public recognition for defending the city against superior British forces.
Neither side knew the war had already ended.
Monroe Doctrine Formulated by Sec. of State John Q.
Adams and Pres. James Monroe in 1823
Foreign policy statement which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the U.S. or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.
Also that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs.
Nullification Crisis
In 1828, Congress approved a high tariff to protect U.S. interests from competition from foreign trade.
This angered southerners who dealt directly with merchants in Britain.
Planters favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of their states over the federal government.
Nullification Crisis
Sen. John C. Calhoun (SC), declared the federal tariff null and void.
To prevent a civil war, Senator Henry Clay (KY), proposed the Compromise Tariff of 1833 which gradually reduced the protective tariff over ten years.
Abolitionist Movement
Began during the Revolutionary era.
Pennsylvania Quakers established first anti-slavery society in 1775.
Republic of Liberia, est. 1822, west coast of Africa, served as a destination for approximately 15,000 former slaves.
Abolitionist Movement
American Anti-Slavery Society founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison.
African Americans, Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, played key roles in the abolitionist movement.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
Began April 12, 1861, with firing on Fort Sumter and ended with Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House in early April 1865.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
South Carolina was the first to secede.
South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas formed the Confederate States of America.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
1861 President Lincoln took
oath of office March 4, 1861
Battle of Bull Run First battle of the war. Fought near Manassas
Junction, Virginia. Ended with a Confederate
victory.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
1862 Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest single-day battle of the war Occurred in Maryland on September 17,
1862 Emancipation Proclamation issued
on September 23, following the Union victory at Antietam
American Civil War: 1861-1865
1863 July 1-4, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg, turned Confederate invasion of the North.
Battle of Vicksburg, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
1864 Ulysses S. Grant appointed commander
of the Union army following Vicksburg Gen. Grant sent Gen. William T.
Sherman to the South where he captured and burned Atlanta.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
1865 In April, Union troops captured
Richmond and surrounded Lee. April 9, 1865, Gen. Robert E. Lee
surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
April 15, 1865, President Lincoln died from an assassin’s bullet.
American Civil War: 1861-1865
Reconstruction
Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans in Congress
favored harsh treatment of the South and quick incorporation of the freemen into citizenship with full privileges including
voting rights for all African Americans government seizure of land from
planters for redistribution to freedmen funding of schools for African Americans
Reconstruction
Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. Southern states had to accept the 14th
Amendment and rewrite their constitutions so all adult men were able to vote.
Ex-Confederates were considered traitors, therefore, not eligible to vote.
Reconstruction
The Compromise of 1877 Effectively ended Reconstruction. Compromise solved an impasse
caused by the close election of 1876 Samuel J. Tilden (Dem) Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep) Southern states of LA, FL, and SC
submitted two sets of returns, one Dem and one Rep.
http://www.authentichistory.com/images/postcivilwar/maps_and_charts/1877_compromise_of_1877.jpg
Reconstruction
The Compromise of 1877 Hayes became president. Withdraw federal troops from
Louisiana and South Carolina.
Reconstruction 13th Amendment
Adopted in 1865, eight months after the Civil War ended.
Legally forbade slavery in the United States.
Reconstruction
14th Amendment Declared all persons born or
naturalized in the U.S. citizens. All citizens were entitled to equal
rights regardless of their race. Rights protected at both the
national and state levels by the due process of the law.
Reconstruction
15th Amendment Ratified in 1870 Extended the right to vote to former
adult male slaves.
The End