GQI~ Office

ABLE OF CONTENTS I , G Q I ~ commissioner's Office 1. v Ltd. Itemized Cost Statement for ~ i n e r a l

Exploration on the GM Claim Group

In 2004 With Reference Notes

lnvoice No. GMVL- 04 -1, Sam Zastavnikovich

lnvoice No. A04-1300, Act Labs

lnvoice No. AK04-448-2, Eco Tech




lnvoice No. AK04-4481449, Eco Tech

lnvoice No. AK04-264, Eco Tech

Survey Grid Locations Map

Field Supplies Receipts, March 2004

Field Supplies Receipts, April 2004

Geometrics 816G Magnetometer Rental lnvoice

Frontier Geosciences Inc. lnvoice 04-29

Statement of Qualifications - Richard Lodmell

Malaspina College Certificate

Sam Zastavnikovich, Geochemical I Geophysical Report

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. ITEMIZED COST STATEMENT FOR EXPLORATION ON THE GM CLAIM GROUP IN 2004

1. Consulting Engineer: Sam Zastavnikovich, P.Eng. Travel and Field Trips to the GM Claims, Geochemical and Geophysical Report Preparation, Plus Expenses

Invoice: GMVL-04-01 included with this Statement

Field Assistant: Richard Lodmell 4 Days @ $250 I Day plus meals @ $35.00 1 Day plus Vehicle Expenses @ .45 cents per Km 2 Days @ $250.00 1 Day Filing and Compiling Geochemical and Geophysical Assessment Reports

2. Act Labs - Terrasol Majors - 374 Samples Invoice: A04-1300 included with this Statement

3. Eco Tech - Soil, Silt, Rock - 25 Samples 5 Invoices AK04-448-2 to 4481449 included Invoice AK04-264 included with this Statement - 343 Samples

4. Collection o f 343 Douglas Fir Bark Samples

Larry D. Lutjen 5 Days @ $250 1 Day plus Meals @ $30 1 Day Plus Vehicle Expense $70 1 Day

Richard Lodmell 5 Days @ $250.00 1 Day plus Meals @ $30 1 Day Field Supplies, Pens, Freezer Bags, Flagging, etc.

ITEM 4: Note: The collection of the Fir Bark Samples was done In 2002. This item was approved for assessment cost Of Total Biogeochemical Survey by Alan Wilcox of B.C. Mines Assessment

5. East and West Gridline Construction $250 1 man Day Plus $35.00 I Day Meals Plus .45 Cents Km

Lee Humphrey - 11 Days John Ewert - 9 Days Gary Laidlaw - 5 Days

1,605.00 Field Supplies - Flagging, Topofoil, Pens, etc.

Work Done: West Grid - 1.55 Krn Baseline

- 14.00 Km Gridlines - Plus Tyin Gridline Ends

East Grid - 2.95 Krn Baselines - 24.80 Km Gridlines - Plus Tyin Gridline Ends

Total 4.5 Km Baselines and 38.8 Km Gridlines. Please refer to Survey Grid Locations Map included with this Statement

6. Collection of Magnetometer Data

Larry D. Lutjen $350.00 1 Day plus $35.00 1 Day Meals Plus .45 Cents Krn Vehicle Expense Total of 12 Days

Rental of Geometrics 816G Return Magnetometer Serial #6424 -for 12 Days @ $40.00 / Day Barnes Creek Minerals Corporation lnvoice included with this Statement

Compilation, Corrections and Magnetometer Data Entry into computer format @ $350.00 1 Day for 10 Days Larry D. Lutjen

Contouring of Magnetometer Data to Grid Map Frontier Geosciences Inc. lnvoice # 04-29 included with this Statement

Note: Geophysical information in this Report is to be found: On Pages 15 & 16 East & West Mag anomalies, Figures 1 , 5 , 6 , 6 A , 7A, Graphs 1A & IB, Conclusions on Pages 25,26 & 27, and Appendix 5.

Note: All amounts marked by an asterisk (*) are eligible BC METC Expenses

TOTAL EXPENDITURES:

Exploration Geochemistry Consulting & Contracting I

SAM ZASTAVNIKOVICH CONSULTING GEOCHEMIST

MINERAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS

5063 - 56th ST. DELTA. B.C. V4K 3C3 CANADA

Invoice NO: @#!!.4~4.r/

2.0 COST DISTRIBUTION (CDN $)

Approved:

Date:

TOTAL FEES: TOTAL EXPENSES: $

TOTAL: $5: Q8G 37

I

TOTAL

Disbur

MISC. - SWP. FUEL VEH. MEALS ROOM CODE

PROJIECr FEES

Invoice N o . : A 0 4 - 1 3 0 0 Work O r d e r : A O 4 - 1 3 0 0 invoice D a t e : 1 0 - J U N - 0 4 D a t e S u b m i t t e d : 18-MAY-04 Y o u r R e f e r e n c e : 2 3 6 1 0 A c c o u n t N u m b e r : 2 7 9 2 GST # R 1 2 1 9 7 9 3 5 5

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. BOX 1 1 9 2 KAMLOOPS, BC V2C 6H3 ATTN: RICHARD LODMELL

Subtotal : $ 2 6 1 8 . 0 0

N e t 3 0 days 1 1 / 2 % per month charged on overdue accounts.

4 - ASSAYING

GEOCHEMISTRY

Eco ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Tech Laboratory ~ t d . x- ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. Box 1 192 Kamloops, BC V2C 6H3

10041 Dallas Drive, Kamloops, BC V2C 6T4 Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557

E-mail: [email protected]

2004 INVOICE

INVOICE #:AK 04-448-2

D E S C R I P T I O N PRICE / SAMPLE AMOUNT

8 AuIPdlPt Geochem

TOTAL DUE & PAYABLE UPON RECEIPT:

THANK YOU!!

G.S. T. REGISTRATION NUMBER R1 Ol565356 TERMS: NET 30 DAYS. INTEREST AT RATE OF 1 1/2 PER MONTH (18% PER ANNUM)

WlLL BE CHARGED ON OVERDUE ACCOUNTS.

E=R~ Laboratory


ASSAYING GEOCHEMISTRY

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING


E-mail: [email protected] www.ecotechlab.com

2004 INVOICE

. _ .. 5 . -. . 7,. INVOICE #:AU 04-449-2


17 Au/Pd/Pt Geochem

SUBTOTAL:


THANK YOU!!

G.S. T. REGISTRATION NUMBER R101565356 TERMS: NET 30 DAYS. INTEREST AT RATE OF 1 1/2 PER MONTH (18% PER ANNUM)

WlLL BE CHARGED ON OVERDUE ACCOUNTS.


ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY h Laboratory Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING




2004 INVOICE

INVOICE #:AK 04-321 -2


7 Au/Pd/Pt Geochem

SUBTOTAL:

& 7% G. S. T:


THANK YOU!!

G.S. T. REGISTRATION NUMBER R101565356 TERMS: NET 30 DAYS. INTEREST AT RATE OF 1 112 PER MONTH (18% PER ANNUM)

WILL BE CHARGED ON OVERDUE ACCOUNTS.


ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY h Laboratory Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING




2004 INVOICE

INVOICE #:AK 04-320-2


AuIPdlPt Geochem

SUBTOTAL:

& 7% G. S. T:


THANK YOU!!


WLL BE CHARGED ON OVERDUE ACCOUNTS.

ASSAYING 0

GEOCHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY h Laboratory Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING

10041 Dallas Drive, Karnloops, BC V2C 6T4 Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557

E-mail: [email protected] www.ecotechlab.com

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. Box 1192 Kamloops, BC V2C 6H3

2004 INVOICE

INVOICE #:AK 044481449


17 Sample Preparation (Soil) 1.60 8 Sample Preparation (CoreIRock) 5.10

25 ICP Analyses 7.00 25 Hg Geochem 4.50

THANK YOU!!

SUBTOTAL:

TOTAL AMOUNT OF ANALYSES:

TOTAL RECEIVED WITH THANKS: (Ceq # 60)

TOTAL LEFT OWING:


WILL BE CHARGED ON OVERDUE ACCOUNTS.


Eco ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Tech Laboratory ~ t d . ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING


10041 Dallas Drive, Karnloops, BC V2C 6T4 Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557


2004 INVOICE

INVOICE #:AK 04-264


343 Sample Preparation (Fir Bark) 13.00 343 ICP Analyses 7.00

SUBTOTAL:

TOTAL AMOUNT OFANALYSES:

TOTAL RECEIVED WITH THANKS:

TOTAL AMOUNT LEFT OWING:

THANK YOU!!

G.S. T. REGISTRA TlON NUMBER R101565356 TERMS: NET 30 DAYS. INTEREST AT RATE OF 1 1/2 PER MONTH (18% PER ANNUM)

WLL BE CHARGED ON OVERDUE ACCOUNTS.

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. UONARCHIGMCLAM - ~~ ~

MAGNEllC ANOMALY SURVEY

I SURVEY GRID LOCATIONS

FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.

Universal Reprcduct ion & englneer!ny suppl ies GST it: R102414315

i ~ , . : ,? : .. . . ,

GcLb 1V\49-! vGPcWt5 L = , . , 5

Invoicen 42435 . . . * . . . . . . .

7 Date 311 1/2004

, Qty Disc P r i ce Ext ' - . ., . .

i . , . . CHAIN THREAD 2.5KM

9 0 $2.49 $22.41 FLAGGING ARTIC ORANGE 12

10 , .A,

0 $1.59 $15-90 > . ,. ~

C300 CADOMARKERS . . .

Universal Reproduction

Subtotal GST PST

& engineering suppl ies GST # : R102414315

Invoice# 42813 Date 3/24/2004 Total z

. Thank you, please come again Qty Disc P r i ce Ext

- PH0TnCOPIt.s R . - ' z 1 l U t1-?5) b 0 $0.10 $D.EO

K411 LETTER FILE FOLDERS / E 10 0 $0.22 $2.20

FLAGGING SUMMER ORANGE 10

i tx i I! KPRI.TJOPS *X

I-OOKINL Ffik WORK'! w w w . Inridondruss.com

Subtotal $13.70 GST $0.95 PST $1.04

Total $15.69 ( G KI .35 / 1 f : 32 I ! 15 0428 13836

1IiANK YOU I N O I I ' G . 5. 1. #R103378972

Thank you, please cone again I

Universal Reproduct i o n Universal Reproduction & engineering supplies GST # : R102414315

& engineering suppl ies GST #: R102414315

Invoice# 43134 Date 3/31/2004

Invoice# 42910 Date 3/25/2004

Qty Disc Pr ice Ext Qty Disc P r i ce Ext

HIP CHAIN THREAD 2.5KM 2 0 $2.49 $4.98

$312 LEVEL REFILL 4-518 X 1 0 $16.95 $16.95

FLAGGING ARTIC ORANGE 12 3 0 $1.59 $4.77

Subtotal $17.70 GST $1.24 PST $1 -32

Subtotal $21.72 GST $1 $52 PST $1.63

Total $20.26 Total $24.87

Thank you, please come again Thank you, please come again

.* Universal Reproduction & engineering suppl ies GST #: R102414315 -

Invoice# 43323 Date 4/12/2004

Qty Disc P r i ce Ext

HIP CHAIN THREAD 2,5KM 1 0 $2.49 $2.19

Subtotal $2.49 GST $0.17 . *,-: PST $,),I9 f.P:r' . .*"

Total $2.85

Thank you, please come again

Universal Reproduction & engineering suppl ies GST # : R102414315

Invoice# 43661 Date 4/21/2004



FLAGGING A R T I C ORANGE 12 4 0 $1.59 $6.36

Subtotal $13.83 GST $0.97 PST $1 .04

Total $15.84


Universal Reproduction 11, & engineerins supplies GST #: R102414315

Invoice# 43225 Date 4/6/2004

Qty Disc Pr ice Ext



Total $3.64


Uni versa1 Reproduction & engineering supplies GST #: R102414315

Invoice# 43334 Date 4/13/2004





Total $8.31

-a

Universal Reproduction & engineering suppl ies GST U: R102414315

Invoice# 43779 Date 4/26/2004


FLAGGING ARTK ORANGE 12 7 0 $1.59 $11.13

Subtotal GST PST

Thank you; please come again

I- -- -- -. BARNES CREEK MINERALS CORPORATION RRI-mi ~ X % C H A S E U.C VSIMO ~ M , ~ B P P

Frontier Geosciences Inc, 237 St. Georges Ave.. North Vancouver, B.C. V7L 4T4 . Tel: 604.987.3037 . Fax: 604984.3074

Gold Mask Ventures Ltd. Box 1192 Kamloops, B.C. V2C 6H3

Attention: Richard Lodmell

Dear Sir,

Our Invoice #04-29 Map Preparation Magnetic Anomaly Survey Monarch 1 GM Claim. Our Project No. FGI-762

Grid Combination and Map Preparation

GST (R120952601)

Balance Due

June 25.2004

Thank you for this opportunity to be of service.

STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS

October 22,2004

I, Richard D. Lodmell of:

Box 1 192 Kamloops, BC V2C 6H3

STATE THAT: I am and have been active in Mineral Exploration in British Columbia for over 30 years and that I have a Statement of Course Completion from Malaspina College for Mineral Exploration for Prospectors dated May 2, 1983.

Statement o J Course Completion RICHARD LODMELL

has

Successfully Completed 180 I-lours of Instruction

MINERAL EXPLORATION FOR PROSPECTORS P R E S E M E D BY B.C. M I N I S T R Y O F ENERGY, U I N E S AND PETROLEl l l l RESOURCES

B .C. M I N I S T R Y 01: EULICATION A P R I L 16 to 3 0 , 1983 - l lESACl l1E LAKE, B.C.

< .' MAY 2, 1983 ,., :I;... . . .. ,.si? . g..r/(, , ,, ,.:--.

GEOCHEMICAL SUMMARY INTERPRETATION REPORT On The

GM MINERAL CLAIMS

Karnloops M.D.

Lat. 50.36' 40'W

Delta, B.C. Sept. 7,2004

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo.

For OwnerIOperator Gold Mask Ventures Limited

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo. Geochemical Consuttant

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION. TERMS OF REFERENCE AND DISCLAIMER PROPERTY DESCRLPTION. LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE HISTORY GEOLOGICAL SETTING

Regional Geology Local Geology Surticial Geology and Glaciation

EXPLORATION Geophysical Ground Magnetometer Surveys

GM East Grid Magnetic Anomalies GM West Grid Magnetic Anomalies

Previous Geochemical Surveys Biogeochemical Ponderosa Pine Bark Orientation Survey Biogeochemical Douglass Fir Bark Orientation & Detailed Surveys 'Terasol' Soil Sampling Survey

Geochemical Orientation Rock. Drainage Silt, and Soil Sampling - Sampting Method and Approach Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security Data Verification

ADJACENT PROPERTIES INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS COST ESTIMATE REFERENCES CERTIFICATE

Page i 2 5 6 7 7 8 9

14 15 15 15 16 17 18 19 2 1 22 n 23 23 24 25 27 27 28 29

APPENDICES: Appendix I Claim Inspector's Report ~ & n d i x I1 GSC ~iog&&emical'~onderosa Pine Bark Au.Ni Anomalies on the GM Claims. Appendix 111 Dr. C.E. Durn's Advisory Letter to GMVL on Biogeochemical Sampling. Appendix TV Dr. C.E. Dunn's GM Claims Field Visit and 'Terrasol' Recommendatton. Appendix V Total Magnetic Field (TMF) Data on GM East and West Grids. Appendlx V1 ECOTECH LABS May, 2004 Analytical Results on Douglas Fir Bark. Appendtx VI1 ACTLABS June, 2004 Additional 'Terasol' Analysts for

'Major' Trace Elements, AI,Cr,Fe,Mn,Na,K,Ca,M&S,Si. AppendixVUI EcoTech LABS May, June 2004 Orientation Sampling,

Rock, Silt and Soil Analytical Results & Certificates Appendix Vllla (Abandoned) analytical results on Hg-contaminated May, 2004 soil samples Appendix IX Rock Sample Description Notes. Appendrx X GSC Geochemcal Model For Exploration in Glaciated Terrain. Appendix XI Rainbow Property Zones 2&22 Drill Core Cu-Au-Pd Correlations. Appendix Xll Preliminary Glacial Dispersion Studies of Cu Mineralization at Galaxy Property

-continued on next page

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo.

TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued:

ILLUSTRATIONS:

Figure I Figure 2 Figure 3 Figures 3a.b Figures 3c Figures 3d Table Figure 4 Figure 4a Figure 4b Figure 5 Graphs1 A,B Figures 6,6a Figures 7,7a CTs I , I A,B Corr. Table 2 Figure 8

Figure 8a Figure 8b Figure & Corr. Table 3

-Index Map -GM Mineral Claims Locat~on Map -Regionat Geology Map -Local Geology at the Ajax East and West Pits -The Afton dkalic porphyly Cu-Au-Ag Mine Cross-Section -The Pothook Cu-Au depos~t Pit -Summary of Events in the Pothook alkalic porphyry Cu-Au Deposit -Surticial Geology and Lineaments in the GM Claims Area -Negative Magnet~c Anomaly Orientation on the GM E. & W. Grids -Leemac Fault Zone Orientation onadjacent Rainbow property -GM East and West Grids Location Map -Frequency Distributions-TMFs for GM East vs. Rainbow Grids -GM East grid Magnetic Anomalies Maps -GM West grid Magnetic Anomahes Maps -Element Correlations for Biogeochemical Pine & Fir Bark Surveys -Correlatton for Fir Bark Copper vs. Fe+Mg+Al Anomalies -GM E. & W. Grids Topography, Geochemical Sample Locations, & Anomaly Map, Scale: 1.5000 -Ae, Cu.Zn /'maiors' Ratio detailed Fir Bark survey Anomalv Maa -~&u,F'd,~b x ~ n a l ~ t i c a l Weight P i e Bark ~ e c c e ~ n o m a 6 ~ a b

after page 1 5 7 9 9 12 12 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 20 20

in pocket 20 20

-Ag,Au,Zn,Re / 'major' elements Ratio Fir Bark Recce Anomaly Map 20 -'Terrasol' Cr.Mn ICPIMS vs. Cr.Mn 'maiors' ICPIOES Analvsis 2 1 "

Corr. Table3A -'Terrasol' 74 Strongly Anomalws Soil Samples Element Conelations 21 Corr. Table 3B -'Terrasol' 295 Weakly Anomalous Soil Samples Element Correlations 21 F~gure 8d -CyHg,Pd,Mo / 'majors' Ratio 'Terrasol' soil survey Anomaly Map 20 Figure 8e -Pb,Zn,Cd,Ba 1 'majors' Ratio 'Terrasol' soil survey Anomaly Map 20 Corr. Table 4 -Orientation Rock, Drainage and Sod Sample Element Correlations 21

SUMMARY

Gold Mask Ventures Limited has 100% ownership of the GM mineral claims situated 10 km. southeast of Kamloops in south-central British Columbia. The property, which consists of 79 contiguous and partially overlapping units covering an area of some 920 hectares, is close to existing infrastructure and has excellent access. This report, prepared at the request of Gold Mask Ventures Limited, is based in part on persona1 examination and orientation sampling of rock, drainage and soil on the property undertaken May 16" and June 1 lth 2004, and in part on analytical results from previous biogeochemical tree bark and 'terrasol' selective leach geochemical soil surveys, as well as on information and records readily available in the public domain.

Except for the Tertiary basalt cover, no outcrops of the Upper Triassic NicoIa Group rocks, assumed to underlie the property, are known on the GM claims. However, the GM mineral property is strategically located west of the strongly Cu-Au mineralized alkalic porphyry Iron Mask batholith's western contact with the Nicola volcanics, between the Afton and Pothook deposits located 5 km. to the north and the Ajax deposit 3 km. east of the property lines.

To date, total magnetic field surveys on the GM East and West grids have identified northwest trending low mag anomalies coincident with regional faults and topograpluc lineaments, with widened sections on the former coinciding with projected extensions of mapped northeasterly cross-faults on the adjacent Rainbow property, where cross-faulted tow mag anomalics along the parallel NW Leemac fault zone contain strong alkalic porphyry type Cu-Au-Pd mineralization, as reported in Appendix XI. The intervening northwesterly positive mag trend on the GM East grid contains stronger, sub-parallel, magnetic highs of local origin, possibly indicative of magnetic skam gold mineralization modeled on the QR gold deposit located on Quesnel River in central B.C.

Anomalous trace ekment pine and fir tree bark biogeochemistry and 'terrasol' soil geochemistry are variously associated with strongly negative magnetic anomalies and coincident cross-faults, and with the strongest positive magnetic anomaly, centrally and peripherally, as is a highly anomalous gold value in a high quality drainage sample collected by the writer in the high magnetic anomaly area.

Each type of the previous bio- and geochemical results have some associated deficiencies described in the report, which have been in part mitigated by the writer's use of trace element/major element ratios. The GM property however requires detailed effective coverage by high quality drainage sampling survey, supplemented by A- and B-horizon soil and C-hori~on till sampling and detailed geophysical magnetometer and SP readings in identified anomalous areas, as recommended for Phase One exploration in the report. The recommended Phase Two diamond drilling of the most strongly positive and negative mag anomalies for gold and copper-gold-palladium mineralization, respectively, is not contingent upon Phase One, but will be grately helped by it. The total recommended cost of Phase One and Two exploration programs is $308.000.00

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo., Consulting Geochemist 1

British Columbia

Date: Sept. 7th, 2004. S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo.

INTRODUCTION, TERMS OF REFERENCE AND DISCLAIMER

The GM mineral exploration property, comprising 79 contiguous units and owned by Gold Mask Ventures Limited (GMVL) of Kamloops, B.C., is located at its northern end ten kilometers southwest from the city of Kamloops, and one km. south of Sugarloaf Hill on NTS map 92I/9W, F&& The core GM claims have been field-verified by global positioning system (GPS), by D.J. Smith, the claims inspector from the Ministry of Energy and Mines' Kamloops office, as described in his Inspection report, Appendix I. The GM property is bisected by Teck-Cominco's ore-haul road running for ten km. between the Afton Mine mill: located some five km. to the northwest, and the Ajax ore body open pits, located three km. east of the claims boundary, Figs.4-8. While in use intermittently from 1989 to 1997, the road was treated with magnesium-chloride (MgC12) solution for dust control (Ross, K.V. et al., 1995 CIMM Special Vo1.46, p567).

In 1994 the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), together with Teck Corporation, conducted airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and magnetic survey research for alteration around copper-gold porphyry mineralization in the Iron Mask batholith, Open File #28 17. At same time a ground biogeochemical survey for Cu-Au-Ag porphyry-type mineralization was conducted by Dr.C.E. Dunn of the GSC just southeast of the Sugarloaf Hill, based on sampling of the outer bark of the Ponderosa pine tree. The biogeochemical survey indicated some strongly anomalous gold, and values

to be present on and along the northeastern boundary of the GM claims, Appendix 11. The principals of Gold Mask Ventures, Richard D. Lodmell, c.e.o., president and director and Larry D. Lutjen, C.F.O., secretary and director, initiated in 2001 biochemical sampling of the outer bark of Ponderosa pine trees on their GM mineral claims property, then obtained consulting guidance and evaluation letters, first in May, then a summary dated August 20Ih, 2001, Apoendix 111, from Dr. C.E. D m l who is recognized in Canada and abroad as a leading authority on biogeochemistry in mineral exploration. On ~e~t.29"' ,2001 Dr. Durn reported to R.D. Lodmell on his previous days visit to the GM property and, along with detailed descriptions of the surficial environment and soil profiles encountered, suggested expanding the biogeochemical sampling to the more commonly available outer bark of the Douglas fir treei and initiating a research-oriented soil sampling survey in concert with Activation Laboratories' (Actlabs of Ancaster, Ont.) proprietary multi-element selective extraction 'Terrasol' analysis, specifically designed for enhanced detection of gold and the platinum group elements (PGEs), Appendix IV.

The author of this report was retained by Mr. R. Lodmell, principal of Gold Mask Ventures Limited (GMVL), to provide geochemical interpretation on the analytical results provided to him on May 20Ih, 2004 by Eco Tech Laboratories of Kamloops, Appendix VI, on the expanded biogeochemical Douglass fir outer tree-bark 343-sample survey, conducted by the owners over their GM claims over the last several years under the Ministry of Mines' Prospectors Assistance programs, and to compare any anomalous results to the 'Terrasol' soil sampling geochemical survey recommended by and reported upon in March, 2002 by consulting geochemistigeologist C.E. Dunn, PhD, P.Geo, and submitted as Assessment Report #26848.

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo., Consulting Geochemist

Also, to relate any anomalous geochemical results to an expanded geophysical total magnetometer survey, completed by the principals on the GM claims earlier this year, with the readings corrected by Frontier Geosciences Inc., Fig.s 5-7 and Appendix V. To enhance the comparison of the identified biogeochemical anomalies to those of the 'Terrasol. soil sampling geochemical survey, the writer requested and obtained on loth of June from Actlabs additional geochemical ICPIOES analysis for ten major-elements on the pulps of the original 374 'Terrasol'-analyzed soil samples, Appendix VII.

Due to lack of documented drilling, presence of deep glacial overburden mantle, and almost complete lack of bedrock on the GM claims, except for few Tertiary basalt outcrop cover rocks, the writer has relied exclusively on published government reports and the GM and neighbouring properties published Assessment Reports for information on both regional and local geology. Reports by geologists from the British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines (BCMEM): the GSC, and the University of B.C. Mineral Deposits Research Unit (MDRU) on the nearby Afton, Pothook and Ajav Cu-Au-Ag porphyry ore bodies are quoted at length overleaf, in order to gain appreciation fot the nature and type of mineralization present in the alkaline Iron Mask batholith intrusive phases and along their western contact with the intruded mafic Nicola Group rocks: believed to underlie the GM property, and possibly contain mineralizing hydrothermal alteration along magnetically and geochemically anomalous zones, as discussed overleaf. The historical information on the GM property, given in the Nov. 6, 2003 geological report by consulting geologist T.M. Williams, B. Sc., who also recommended the 2004 exploration program on the GM claims, is quoted overleaf.

The writer visited the GM claims on May 16th, 2004 accompanied by R. Lodmell, and collected a couple of b~gh-quality, lithic, field-sieved drainage sediment samples along the assumed trace of the major regional Cherry Creek fault. where it traverses the claims. In addition. a handful of variously altered and/or mineralized intrusive float rocks found along the ore-haul road where it traverses the GM property and its periphery, presumatly originating from the Ajax pits area, whether as road-building material or fall-off the haulage trucks, plus several GM property and peripheral Nicola Group abandoned core samples, and Tertiary basalt property outcrops were collected for multi-element analysis, Appendix VIII. and as described in Appendix IX, in order to compare lithogeochemical mineralization-related trace element signatures to the multi-element anomaly patterns present in the tree-bark and 'Terrasol' soil sample analytical results, and to the drainage sediment samples collected by the writer on the GM property, Appendix IX. Mr. R. Lodmell was instructed to collect the next day some two dozen regular B Horizon soil samples along Line-200s for multi-element analysis, for likewise comparison with the biogeochemical tree-bark and the previous geochemical 'Terrasol' data. Because of the writer's geochemical research (while in employ of Falconbridge Nickel Mines in the seventies) on occurrence of the element mercury as a pathfinder for copper mineralization, and awareness that numerous mercury occurrences exist in the area north and south of Kamloops Lake (personal communication, M. Cathro, P.Geo. regional geologist, BCMEM Kamloops office, and MINFILE) the handful of rock, sediment and soil samples collected were analyzed for mercury in addition to the other trace elements, with highly positive results.


The analytical results returned exceptionally anomalous mercury values not only for some of the off-property-originated haulage road-side Cu-mineralized float rock samples, of up to 18400 and 2940 ppb Hz. 11 56 and 2385 ppm Cu. 60 and 185 ppb Au respectively, but also for several soil samples collected along Line200S on the GM East grid, Appendix VIIIa. causing the writer's concern for possible soil contamination. The property was revisited on June 1 lth, and conclusion reached that some of the soil samples were likely contaminated by copper-sulfate (Cu-CuS0.t) pots used for the 2000 self- potential (SP) survey conducted by L.Lutjen after the 'Terrasol sampling, since R. Lodmell had used some of the old soil sample holes by enlarging them. ~, as well as copper and other elements, all of the analytical results for these samples are not considered further in this report. Instead, several closely-spaced short intervals were re-sampled by the writer, and other biogeochemical anomalies tested with fresh B-Horizon soil samples for comparison, as shown on the 1:5000 sample location map, F&& and analyses reported in Appendix VIII. with lesser, though still anomalous, results of up to 110 ppb mercurv obtained. -. The possibility exists that any cdpper-sulfate salts still present in the old SP-pot soil holes may have trapped and accumulated over time mercury gas escaping from bedrock sources through the overburden, thus considerably enhancing legitimate mercury anomalies.

This technical report was prepared in compliance with the requirements of National Instrument 13- 101 and Form 43- 10 1 F and is intended to be used as a supporting document to be filed with the British Columbia Securities Commission and the Canadian Venture Exchange.

DISCLAIMER The writer obtained the GM claims location and ownership information, as listed overleaf and presented on F&2, by internet from the Government of British Columbia Mineral Titles 'MIDA page site. The mineral claims comprising the GM property are thought to have been located pursuant to procedures specified by regulations of the Mineral Tenure Act of the Province of British Columbia. No claim posts or lines were inspected during the writer's visits to the property on May 16"' and June 1 1 "', 2004. The mineral claims have not been surveyed. All aspects of sampling and analytical quality control for the biochemical tree-bark and the 'Terrasol' soil sampling surveys, which did not involve the writer, are extensively and authoritatively covered in Dr. C.E. Dunn's communications to R. Lodmell, Appendices 111 & IV, and his 'Terrasol' geochemical report to GMVL, A.R.#26848. The writer has no reservations about the quality of the previous geochemical results, other than as expressed by Dr. Dunn, and for the anomalous tree-bark and 'Terrasol' samples from the immediate vicinity of the ore-haul road, as well as the several less than optimum weigh-ins used for biogeochemical analysis, both of which are believed to have been considerably mitigated by the writer's application of major-element ratios, as discussed in this report. The writer vouches for the high quality of the drainage sediment and soil samples he has collected for preparation of this report on the GM property.


PROPERTY DESCRIPTION, LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

The GM mineral exploration property, comprising 79 contiguous units, and 100% owned by Gold Mask Ventures Limited (GMVL) of Kamloops, B.C., is located at its northern end ten kilometers southwest from the city of Kamloops, and one km, south of Sugarloaf Hill. The centre of the claim block is at 50°36'40 Latitude, and 120°27'30" Longitude, on NTS map 92U9W, m. The core GM claims have been field-verified by global positioning system (GPS), by D.J. Smith, the claims inspector from the Ministry of Energy and Mines' Kamloops office, as described in his Inspection report, Appendix I.

Mineral Titles page): Claims Table Work Recorded

Tenure# Claim 372576 GM1 143986 100% 0921068 2005.10.16 372577 GM2 143986 100% 0921068 2005.10.16 372578 GM3 143986 100% 0921068 2005.10.16

GM4 GM5 GM6 GM7 GM8 GM9 GMlO GMl l GM12 GM13 GM14 GM15 GM16 GM17 GMl8 GM19 GM20 GM21 GM22 GM23 GM69

Good Standing 2005.10.16 2005.10.16" 2005.10.16 2005.10.16" 2005.10.16" 2005.10.16" 2005.10.16" 2005.10.16" 2006.11.16' 2006.11.16' 2006.11.16* 2004.11.16 2005.11.16" 2005.11.16" 2005.11.16" 2006.11.16" 2007.03.21' 2007.03.21' 2004.11.15 2004.11.15 2007.03.20' 2007.04.22- 2065.04.22 2006.11.20+

M.D Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamlwps Kamloops Kamldops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamlooos

Area 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit leunits 8 units 8 units 1 unit 1 unit 15units 1 unit 1 unit 20units

Tag Number 692230M 692231M 692232M 692233M 692234M 692235M 692236M 692237M 692272M 692273M 692274M 692275M 692276M 692277M 692278M 692279M 221092 221093 723276M 723277M 221 632 723585M 723586M 221094 ~ - - ~ - ~ - ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~

406651 GM70 143986 100% 0921068 2006.11.20 M06.tt.20' ~arnloobs 8units 221095 '."From Statements of Work, provided by R.D. Lodmell: total. 79units * Upom Rpprwel of this Report - (Statement of Wwk X3212874. Recorded June30,2004). " Upon Approval of Geophysical Repott-(Statement of Work #3212860, Recorded June30.2004)

As shown on the Claims Location Map, F&2, there is partial overlap between some of the GM claims, resuIting in approximate totd area of 920 hectares for the GM property. The claims are unpatented and have not been legally surveyed. Mineralization has not been identified to date on the GM claims, which are not known by the writer to be subject to any environmental liability. Any h twe explo~tion work which disturbs the ground, including drilling, will require filing Notice of Work & Reclamation with the British CoIurnbia Ministry of Energy and Mines (BCMEM). The GM Claims are thought to overlie glacial till-covered mafic Nicola Group rocks, adjacent to the highly mineralized western portion of the alkalic Iron Mask batholith which contains the p q h y r y Cu-Au-Ag-Pd mining camp, ineluding the recently producing Ajax Pits (closed in 1997), located 3 km. to the east, and the mined-out Pothook pit and soon to be re-opened Afton Mine, located 5 and 6 km. to the north.


The GM mineral claims cover an area of gently rolling hills, with elevations ranging from 800 m. a d . in the northwest to 900 m. a.s.1. in the southeast of the property, m. Vegetation cover consists mostly of Douglas fir and sparse Ponderosa pine trees growing in typical Interior plateau soils with a 10-20 cm. depth 'B' Horizon developed on glacial overburden. which is estimated to range in thickness from 20 to 30m. in the claims area. The GM property is devoid of outcrop, except for its northern and southern edges, where isolated Tertiary basalt cover rocks are present along top edges of drainage gullies, while mapped Nicola Group mafic volcanics and a felsic feldspar porphyry dyke outcrop just beyond the eastern edge of the property at the northeastern end of GM East grid, between Lines 800s and 1000S at 500E, as shown on the topographic 1:5000 scale map, w.

ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

The Gold Mask Ventures Limited GM Claims are ideally located 10 km. south of the mining centre and industrial city of Kamloops, and are directly bordered by the four-lane Hope-Kamloops Coquihalla #5Hwy. on the west, and the paved Inks Lake road to the east, while numerous forestry dirt roads criss-cross the property. In addition, the Afton- Ajja. mine haul road transects the north-eastern comer of the GM Property, F&& The climate is dry, with hot summers, low snowfall, and average annual precipitation of less than 30 centimeters.

HISTORY The limited exploration history of the till-mantled. outcrop-lacking, GM property is described by consulting geologist T.M. Williams, BSc., in his Nov., 2003 property exploration Report to Gold Mask Ventures Limited, hereby reproduced in italics:

There htrs heen vrr,v little exploration ejjbrtjimued on the urea ofthe GIM Claims until rerentl~v clue to thick overburden which covers the urea to apresumed depth 01.20-30 meters. 111 the summer of 1994, Teck Corporation, Activation Laboratories and the Geological Survey of Canada (represented by Dr. Colin E. Dunn) entered into a joint1,v ,funded research program intended to test the relationship ofgamma ruy spectromefry and biogeochemisrry to porphyry Cu-Au mineralization. The approach was to integrate ground verijication of airborne radio metric and geophysiculputterns, (GSC 0.F.2817) with biogeochemicul and soil methodology. The southern ends ofthe biochemical samplirig grid lines extended onto the GM 1 and G M 2 claims, ( see Appendix 11.) Biochemical results of 2Y8ppb gold and highly anomalous nickel values were detected in the center ofthese hwo claims. It was believed that these results may be outlining a strike zone where the nickel defines the contact of the Nicola mafic volcanics and the ultramafic rocks ofthe Iron Mask batholith. These lines stoppedat the north side of the Ajton-Ajux haul road. which runs through the northern part of the claims (Fig. 447). The acquisition of this information inspired Richard Lodmell and Lurry Lutjen to condud a magnetometer and Ponderosa Pine bark biochemical survey program in September 2000 to follow the gold and nickel anomalies to the south onto the main area of the GM Claims. The program consisted main[v of the cutting and measuring of a 1.5 km. baseline (azimuth 145 degrees) and 16 km. of gridlines (azimuth 55 degrees) to intercept


any southeast trending minertrlizution from the direction ofthe Ajon Mine. Magnetometer readings were taken at 20 meter stations and a selection of34 Ponderosa Pine bark samples were taken from the vicinity of the low magnetic values and along a high magnetic trend further south (Fig. 7). Of the 34 samples analyzed there where I2 gold and 13 palltrdium anomalies throughout the 1.5 km grid length (Fig. 8). In September 2001, soils were collectedfrom 359 stations within I km. by 1.5 km. block covering the GMgrid. The samples were sent to Activation Laboratories Ltd. for PGE Terrusol determinations of60 elements by ICP-MS. Activation Laboratories Ltd. has the highest available accreditation of any laboratory in Canudu (IS0 17025) and is one of the world's leading unulyticulfucilities, especiallyjbr exploration geochemistry. In September-October, 2003, the GMgrid was extended to the south by 700 m., and to the west by j00 m.fiom 1000 W to 2200 W The oldself-potential survey dated February. 2002; was extended over the new grid during 2003 (Fig 9).

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

Tertiaty basalts are the only rocks known to outcrop on the till-mantled GM mineral claims. The nearest mapped Nicola Group mafic volcanics contact with the Iron Mask batholith is located 700 meters north-northeast from the point 0 Base-Line and Line0 on the GM East grid, F&8, as copied from the Feb. I, 1995 Rainbow Assesment Report #23917, which is quoted later at length under the 'Adjacent Properties' heading.

Because of almost total absence of geological information due to lack of outcrop and any documented drilling on the GM claims, published geological reports dealing with the adjacent porphyry Cu-Au-Ag strongly-mineralized alkalic Iron Mask batholith, particularly sourced from the 1995 CIMMP Special Volume 46, Porphyry Deposits ofthe ~Vorthwestern Cordillera ofiVorth America, edited by T.G. Schroeter, are relied upon for both regional and nearby local geological information, as extensively quoted below, while the accompanying regional geology map, F&.3, and open pits geology, F i m 3a-d and Table 1 are copied from earlier annual GSC and BCDMPR Geological Fieldwork Papers and Bulletins, as credited:

Regional Geology

Copied From: Snydrr, L.D. and Russel, J.K., 1995: Petrosenetic relationshi~s and assimilation mxxsses in the alkalic lron Mask batholith, south-central British Columbia. In Porphyry Deposits of'the Northwestern Cordillera of North .4merica, edited by TG. Schroeter, CIMMP, Special Volume 46.

Regional Geology

The lron Mask batholith is located approximately I0 km southwest of the city of Kamloops and is accessible via major thorough-fares and abundant secondary ranching and mining roads. This area is characterized by an arid climate and consists mainly of broad, rolling hills which are dominated by sage brush and sparse pine forest vegetation. Bedrock exposure is poor, especially in the southern ponion of the lron Mask batholith. The lron Mask batholith intrudes Upper Triassic Nicola Group rocks which comprise an aerially extensive (70 km x 190 km) and (thick 7000 m) package of volcanic, volcaniclastic and related sedimentary rocks distributed across the Quesnellia terrain (Schau, 1970; Preto, 1977, 1999; Mortimer, 1987). Nicola Group


Geology Map liom Geological Fieldwork 1993, Paper 1994-1: In Penology andsnatigrophic sening of the Kamloops Lake picritic basah, queswllia terrane, south-ceml B.C. (9218, I S , 16j. by L.D. Snyder and J.K. Russell (MDRU Contribution #34)

REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING

Tertiary volcanics Mesozoic carbonate LEGEND ( K o d o o p s Group volconics Kamloops Lake picrite G_M - GM Claims

K-T intrusive rocks Nicolo Group volcanics Open Pits. ) Ashcroft Formation Permo-Triassic carbonate an - Afton

Iron Mask batholith pk - Pothook ax - Ajax

Figure 2. Geology of the Kamloops area Nicola Gmup volcanic and sedimentary mcb underlie most of the map area. Picrite occurrences are shown in the stippled pattern.

British Columbia Geological Survey Branch

rocks have been interpreted to represent a volcanic arc sequence accreted onto the western margin of Nonh America in the Middle Jurassic (Monger et al., 1982; Monger, 1989a). They have been subdivided by Preto (1 977) into three distinct, sub-parallel, north-trending belts. The lron Mask batholith intrudes rocks of either the Eastern or Central Nicola volcanic belt, which are broadly folded and regionally metamorphosed to zeolite. prehnite-pumpellyite, and greenschist facies (Preto, 1977; Mortimer, 1987).

Adjacent to the lron Mask batholith, Nicola Group rocks consist of green to purple colored basaltic and andescitic clinopyroxine-phyric flows and flow breccias, light green massive tuffs, and green adescitic to dacitic bedded ash to lapilli tuffs. Minor amounts of hematitic, poorly bedded chert and dark grey plagioclase-phyric flows and dikes are also present. Nicola Group rocks are commonly foliated near the margin of the batholith and copper mineralization is observed in many outcrops (Cockfield, 1948; Cam, 1956). Picritic basalt is found outside the western margin of the batholith near Jacko Lake and north of Kamloops Lake (Mathews, 1941; Cockfield, 1948; Can; 1956; Preto, 1967; Snyder and Russell, 1993, 1994). The lron Mask batholith intrudes Nicola Gmup rocks along deep-seated structures (Preto, 1967; Nonhcote. 1974, 1976, 1977). h consists of two separate masses: ( I ) The northwest trending 5 km x 20 km lron Mask batholith in the south, and (2) The smaller (5 km x 5 km) C h e w Creek pluton to the north. Contact between lron Mask batholith and Nicola Group are either faulted (on the eastern margin), intrusive (observed along the western contact) or not exposed. Locally, Nicola Group rocks are hornf~lsed up to 50 m from intrusive contacts and recrystallized clasts of Nicola origin are found within lron Mask rock units. being particularly abundant alons the western margin. Larger lenses of sheared, altered and metamorphosed Nicola Group rocks are also present, especially in mineralized areas (Ross et al., 1993; Stanely, 1994). The association between mineralization and large pods of country rock may reflect either common control along permeable shear zones or bias imposed by extensive mapping around mineralized arras. Eocene Kamloops Group volcanic rocks are exposed as small, flat-lying erosional remnants atop the lron Mask batholith and within an east-west trenoing graben which separates the batholith from the Cherry Creek pluton (Northcote, 1977; Ewing. 1982; Kwong, 1987). The Kamloops Group consists dominantly of alkali olivine basalt flows with minor intercalated sedimentary rocks (Ewing, l98la, 1981 b). Kwong (1987) reports small exposures of other Tertiaty volcanic rocks within the lron Mask pluton.

Local Geologj

Geological discussions on the m o ore bodies closest to the western Iron Mask batnolith- Nicola Group contact, and to the GM property, namely the Ajax and the Pothook open pits, located three and five kilometers to the east and north respectively, are quoted at length below in order to help bener interpret the significance of geophysical and geochemical anomalies located on the GM claims. Descriptions considered by the writer particularly relevant are underlined:

Copied From: Ross, K.V., Goodwin, C.J., Bond, L., and Dawson, K.M., 1995: Geolow. alteration and mineralization in the Aiav East and Aiax West cower-gold alkalic ~ o m h v r v deposits, southern Iron Mask batholith. Kamlooos. British Columbia. In Porphyry Deposits of the Northwestern Cordillera of'Vorth Amer~cu, edited by TG. Schraeter. CIMMP, Special Volume 46.

Total production from the Ajax deposits qp to August 1991was 5.8 Mt at a grade of .SO% Cu and 3 7 glt Au. The mine reopened in Sept. 1994 with reserves estimated at 14.1 Mt grading .46% Cu and .34 g/t Au.

Discussion and Conclusions ... Sugarloaf diorite was introduced into the hybrid diorite along regional east-west and northeast trending fault structures. Alteration and copper-gold mineralization is focused along the contact between the hybrid diorite and the Sugarloaf diorite. Alteration assemblages f m e d as partial shells around the Sugarloaf intrusion, but the strong lithologic controls on alteration prevented the formation of true concentric shells. A diffused core of intense albitic alteration with low-grade (.I I% Cu, .I &It Au) copper-gold


mineralization, surrounded by intermediate intensity albitization with high-grade (64% Cu, .4O glt Au) copper-gold mineralization is concentrated on the Sugarloaf diorite. Peripheral to this zone is a zone of p p mineralization. which m d e s outward into a regional wenschist facies metamorphism. Fracture controlled K-feldspar veins carrying minor chalcopyrite-pyrite cross-cut albitic and propylitic alteration. Scapolite veins, also with minor chalcopyrite, crosscut propylitic alteration.

The association of albitic alteration with copper-gold mineralization and the occurrence of a later fracture- controlled potassic alteration are two characteristic features of the Ajax deposits. These characteristics have been observed at other alkaline copper-gold porphyry deposits. Within the lron Mask batholith, the Pothook. Big Onion, Ajax and probably the Aeon deposits occur along contacts between Pothook (hybrid) diorite and Nicola Group volcanic rocks which have been intruded by Sugarloaf diorite. Alteration style is characterized by an early mineralized, pervasive albitic alteration, cross-cut by fracture-controlled K- feldspar alteration with minor chalcopyrite and pyrite. In addition, the Pothook deposit is overprinted by gold-copper mineralizing chlorite-ma~etite-hematite veins (Lang and Stanley, this volume). . . .

In the lron Mask deposits, albitic alteration is intimately associated with the intrusion of the Sugarloaf diorite. The spatial relationship of the Sugarloaf diorite to albitic alteration and copper-gold mineralization suggests that it is the main mineralizing intrusion. Disseminated chalcopyrite, generally associated with pyrite and lesser secondary magnetite, ;s present in many exposure of Sugarloaf diorite throughout the Imn Mask batholith (Stanley et al. 1994). The Na-rich nature of the alteration is probably a direct consequence of the relatively Na-rich nature of fresh Sugarloaf diorite. A fluid exsolved from this dioritic magma would also be sodic. The conversion of plagioclase- and hornblend-bearing Sugarloaf diorite to massive albite and diopside consumes Na+, H+ and Si02, and releases Fe++, Ca++ and H2O. The consumption of silica by the reaction may partly explain the absence of quartz veins in the system. The liberated Fe++ is available to react with Cu and S in solution to precipitate chalcopyrite accordins to the reaction: ~ e " +CuCl(aq) + 2H2S(aq) = CuFeS2 + Cl-(aq) + 4H*(aq) The H+ released in this reaction lowers the pH which in turn my increase albitization, releasing more Fe+t, resulting in hrther chalcopyrite precipitation. Ca++ reacts with CO3 to form calcite and with Fe++ and Al- to form epidote. both intimately associated with chalcopyrite and pyrite precipitation. The propylitic assemblage represents a weaker manifestation of the abitizing process. Fluids flowing from the cooler country rock into the higher temperature intrusive would exchange K+ in the rock for Na+ in solution (Carten, 1986), possibly providing the K+ for the late K-feldspar veins. The presence of late CI- rich scapolite veins indicates the evolution of a volatile rich fluid.

The common association of ~icrite. Suearloaf diorite and mineralization mav reflect similar controls by regional fault structures. Foliated. biotized Nicola Group volcanic rocks and sumentmized picrite occur alone the faulted contact between hvbrid diorite and Suearloaf diorite in both the Aiax East and Aiax West &s. Picrite also occurs in close ~roximity to the Ation (Cam and Reed. 1976; Kwone. 1987). Bie Onion (Prato. 1969). Galaxv and hithon (Carr, 1956) deoosits. Picrite does not plav an active role in p

Several conclusions may help in future mineral exploration in the lron Mask batholith. The Sugarloaf diorite appears to be the mineralizing unit, so its occurrence is of parmount importance. Mineralization is concentrated at the contact of this unit with the hybrid diorite. The distinction between oropvlitic alteration associated with a oroductive uomhvrv and reeional ereenschist alteration is not obvious. but the freauent presence of disseminated write and a more intense albitization of olaeioclase ~henocrvsts in the ~rowli t ic assemblaee mav be used as a euide. Intense albitization with low made copper-gold mineralization mav be spatiallv related to intermediate albitization with higher grade mineralization. Although eenerallv poorlv mineralized. K-feldspar veins are part of the oomhvrv mineralizing event and are potential indicators of mineralization. Strong fotiatjon and biotization of Nicola Group volcanic rocks are guides to mi I i n an 1 faults that mav also focus the intrusion of the voune Suearloaf diorite intrusions. The maioriw of deposits and orosoects within the batholith are located near the margins of the batholith and manv. if not all are related to maior faults.


Local Geology at the Ajax East and West Cu-Au deposit Pits

Figure 1 . Regional geology and location of the Ajax East and West pits (see Fig. 2 tor legend)

Geological Map (and detail, with legend, overleaf) copied from: Ross, K.V., Dawson, K.M., Goodwin, C.I. and Bond, L., 1993: Major lithologies and alteration of the Ajax East orehody, a sub-alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposif south- central British Colurnhia. In Currenz Resenrck, Pnrt A; Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), Paper 93-IA, p. 87-95,

Deposit Types: The Ajax East Cu-Au deposit Pit

LEGEND

u Ovsrburden rcrfiory?

ouorlz-eye Lofile Dyke

iron Mask Bolholilh ond Related lnlrusionn Upper friossic and Lower J u r o d c

8 Sysnile Dykm

7 Monranile Dyke

6 0

5r!3 Sugarloot Diorils

4 f!!!? Pegrnolilic Hybrid Dicrife

3 Hybrid Diorite

2 Picrile

I t....i Harnfelred Nlcolo Volcanier

\ - Geological Confacts, Inferred , - Open Pit Bench Conlours

Strike and Dip of Major Contasir

r- Strike and Dip of Foults and Shears

* 0 50 100

meters

Figure 2. Geology of the Ajax East pit with location of cross-section A-B (see Fig. 3). Nine major rock units have been identified. The units are presented from youngest to oldest in legend. This order is based on field relationships.

Geological Map copied h m : Ross, K.V., Dawson, K.M., Goodwin, C.1. and Bond, L., 1993: Major lithologies and alteration of the ~ j & East orebody, a suh-alkaiic copper-gold porphyry deposit, south-central British Columhia. In Current Research, Pnrl A; Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), Paper 93-IA, p. 87-95.

. . , . .- .., . . TT,-- -.-, - .T7.,,T ~,,- I "

i:,T""Tqv'

Deposit Types: Ti AFTOX illkalic porphyry Cu-Au-Ag Mine Cross-Section

SSW NNE "G"

73-3

w LEGEND

LITHOLOGY r-1 TERTIARY VOLCANIC AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

E l EQUIGRANULAR DlORlTE DlORlTE PORPHYRY, MICRODIORITE,

MICROMONZONITE AND MlCROSYENlTE

NNlOLA GROUP VOLCANIC ROCKS INFERRED CONTACT BElWEEN NICOLA

VOLCANIC ROCKS AND THE IRON MASK INTRUSIVE ROCKS

MINERALOGY ANKERITE BIOTITE

- EPIDOTE 0.5% Cu ISOPLETH

T-T LIMIT OF HYPOGENE ORE

SYMBOLS SAMPLE LOCATION

Figure 9. An illustration of vertical distribution of minerals at Afton mine; distribution of high temperature alteration minerals in a geological section (18 in Figure 5) across the western portion of the orebody. Note that only minerals occurring in excess of about 5% by volume are depicted in the diagram.

Page 17 copied from: Kwong, Y.T. J., i 987: Evolution of the Iron Mask batholith and its associated copper mineralization. B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (BCMEMPR), Bulletin 77, 55p. Fig. 3c

Copied From: Lang, J.R. and Stanley, C.R., 1995: Contrastins stvles of alkalic oomhvrv coooer-gold deoosits in the northern Dart of the lron Mask batholith. Kamloo~s , British Columbia. In Porphyry Depos~rs ofrhe Norrhwesrern Corddlera ofNorth America, edited by TG. Schroerer, CIMMP, Special Volume 16.

Introduction ... The main ore body in the district is the ARon deposit ( ta t . 50U39'N; Long. 120'3 I'W; NTS 92IItOE), which is located 360 km northeast of Vancouver and IOkm west of Kamloops, British Columbia. The Pothook deposit is located on the southwestem edge of the lron Mask batholith, approximately 750 m southeast of the Afton deposit. The DM and Crescent deposits lie 1.5 km and 3 km east of Afton, respectively. The topography around the deposits is gentle and comprises glaciated, gently rolling hills between 650 m and 800 m in elevation. Annual rainfall avenged 26 cm. In the immediate area of the deposits. vegetation is dominated by sagebrush with a complete absence of forest cover. Outcrop is less than 5%.

his to^, Production and Reserves Between 1986 and 1988,236 Mt of ore were mined from the Pothook open pit at an average grade of 0.35% Cu and 0.77 git Au with a strip ratio of 2.1: I (updated from Stanley, 1994). ... The Pothook, Crescent and DM zones were exposed in outcrop and have been the object of sporadic exploration since the beginning of this century. The startupbf the Afton mining and milling complex in 1977 made it feasible to develop these prospects to the production stage. ...

The Pothook Deposit The Pothook deposit is located at the westemmost contact of the lron Mask batholith with enclosing Nicola Group volcanic rocks. ...

Rock Tvoes Several different volcanic rock NpeS comprise the Nicola Group in the deposit area. These consist o f : ( I ) dark green to black, aphyric to plagioclase-phyric, massive basalt flows; (2) maroon to dark grey, aphyric to sparsely plagioclase or augite-phyric, poorly bedded, ash to lapilli matic tuffs and lesser blocky agglomerates; (3) black, crowded, augite-phyric, massive basalt flows; (1) dark grey, crowded, plagioclase- phyric andesite flows and feeder dikes; (5) dark green to black, crowded, augite-phyric picrite flows (Stanley et al. 1993). The oldest intrusive unit is tine- to medium-grained diorite of the Pothook phase which is petrographically similar to that described at Crescent, although here it incorporated numerous xenoliths of volcanic rocks which in places. esoeciallv near the marrins of the intrusion. are sufkicientlv abundant to form an intrusion breccia. Aooohvses of Pothook diorite also intruded along faults and steeolv diooing depositional Contacts in the volcanic host rocks. and these dyke-like intrusions have tine-<rained chilled margins. Volcanic rocks adiacent to the diorite contact recrvstalized to a biotite homfels containinp disseminated magnetite and less that I% disseminated write cubes. A medium-grained variety of Pothook diorite was intersected at depth in exploration drill holes. This later variety intrudes the fine- to medium-grained variety of Pothook diorite, with which it is petrographically similar. It is not observed to intrude, nor contain xenoliths of, Nicola Group volcanic rocks. The Cherry Creek monzonite phase was next to intrude. In the deposit area it intruded only Pothook diorite but is structurally juxtaposed against other rock types. This variety of the Cherry Creek phase is generally a very fine-grained, equiganular, orthoclase-plageoclase-biotite-augite monzonite with accessory magnetite and apatite and trace quartz (Snyder and Russell, 1993a). It also contains small miarolitic cavities filled with quartz, and locally exhibits an aplitic texture. Its emplacement was controlled by pre-existing structures within the Pothook diorite (Stanley et al., 1994). No contact metamorphic effects were observed in Pothook diorite adiacent to the Cherrv Creek monzonite. Susarloaf diorite was next emdaced into the Nicola Group and. less commonlv. into Pothook diorite. but was not observed to intrude the Cherrv Creek monozonite. Alteration ofthe Cheny Creek phase by hvdmthermat activitv ascribed to the Suearloaf diorite (see below) establishes the Cherrv Creek ohase as - the older intrusion. Sugarloaf diorite contains large sparse to crowded, stubby hornblende phenocrysts, generally smaller augite, and plagioclase phenocrysts, and commonly displays a trachytic texture. The phenocrysts are set in an aphanitic groundmass of plagioclase, orthoclase and disseminated magnetite


(Snyder and Russell, 1993a). The Sugarloaf diorite was emolaced as a set of nonhwest-trending. steeolv- dipping dikes along the ~outhwestem edge of the batholith. The dikes are widest. most abundant. and may be, In an. r~di;llll:orim!cLi around SurarloafHill, which is though1 to be 3 subvolcan~c intrusr\c nc& (Sn\,drr and Russell IVV;b) Sugarloaf diontc effected teutunllv-destructive recrvstalliz311on of matic volcanic wall rocks to an actinolite-olaeioclase homfels with abundant disseminated mametite. No contact metamomhic effects were observed in Pothook diorite where it is intruded bv Sugarloaf diorite dikes. Late, . - relatively rare mafic dikes intruded the Pothook area and are petrographically and temporally identical to andesite dikes of probable Eocene age at Crescent.

Structures Three episodes of steer, fauitine are recognized in the Pothook deposit. The first faults formed after Intruuon of the Pothook d ~ o r ~ t e . but Drlor to lntruslon or Cherrv Creek monzonlte. and haw d m mostly jrcatcr than:Od r h ~ s stage of faultmy dlsru~ted thc contact bcrwcn Pothook d~onre and hornfelsed Nicola Groua and iuxtaoosed volcanic rocks without contact metamomhic effects against Pothook diorite. Dis~lacements alone these numerous faults are subvenical and xenerallv less than 100m. These structures lie weferentiallv alone. orientations of N-NW and E-NE. and formed before the oervasive ootassic alteration described below. The second eoisode of steeo faulting took olace after intrusion of the Cherrv Creek monzonite. The third eoisode of steer, faulting dissected manv of the Sugarloaf diorite dikes and K- feldsoar-eoidote veins. Both the second and third faultine events utilized ore-exisrine structures and further disruoted the margin of the batholith. Another eoisode of faulting followed intrusion of the Sugarloaf diorite and the ore-forming event. Unlike - - - earlier episodes, movement along these faults occurred along relatively shallow planes with southeasterly strikes and dips generally less than 30°to the southwest. Numerous faults with this orientation cut the upper southwest wall of the open pit and display spoon-like, concave-upward (listric) forms. The displacement direction is generally to the southwest, and movements of up to 50m are indicated on individual fault planes. Given the number of these faults, the overlying Pothook diorite and Sugarloaf diorite dikes may have moved up to and exceeding 250m from the margin of the batholith onto unmetamorphosed Nicola Group to the southwest. This stage of faulting may reflect unroofing of the Iron Mask batholith, possibly during the Eocene (Prato, 1972: Souther, 1992). The youngest faults caused funher movement on pre-existing, northwest-striking faults. These structures dropped supergene weathered material into grabens where it was protected from subsequent Pleistocene glacial erosion.

Alteration and Mineralization The earliest alteration formed after, and possibly concurrent with, the first episode of steep faulting which formed after intrusion of the Pothook diorite. It comprises magnetite-apatite-actinolite veins, blebs. schlieren and breccias formed along dilatant fractures. These fractures also locally contain epidote and chloride, both within the structures and in alteration envelopes surrounding them. Blebs and schlieren tend to occur in wide envelopes around major magnetite veins. In and adjacent to the Pothook deposit, all of the magnetite-bearing structures are hosted by intrusions of, or intrusion breccia with a matrix of, the fine- to medium-gained phase of the Pothook diorite. A selectively pervasive potassic alteration occurs within, but near the margins of, the Cherry Creek monzonite, and in Pothook diorite adjacent to exposures of Cherry Creek monzonite in the north wall of the open pit. This alteration involved selective replacement of plagioclase by K-feldspar in both the Pothook and Cherry Creek phases, and the partial destruction of disseminated magnetite in the Pothook diorite. Biotite remains stable, but the augite was commonly replaced by epidote. At its margins, this alteration grades outward into fractures with K-feldspar alteration envelopes, indicating that at least the outer parts of these alteration zones formed from coalescing alteration envelopes. Pervasive albitic alteration formed after emplacement of the Sugarloaf diorite. Development of this alteration ranges from envelopes around isolated h c t u r e s to totally pervasive where adjacent envelopes coalesce. Its distribution is limited to the Pothook and Sugarloaf diorites. In the Pothook diorite, albite replaced p,agioclase, augite and orthoclase, chlorite replaced biotite, and moderate, sub-equal amounts of chalcopyrite and pyriate precipitated. On the southeast wall of the open pit the Pothook diorite has been almost entirely converted to albite. Elsewhere, Pothook diorife is more weakly albitized, commonly in fkacture envelopes, where plagioclase is selectively replaced by albite but biotite, augite and orthoclase remained stable. In the Sugarloaf diorite, albite selectively replaced plagioclase and orthoclase, but


hornblende was stable. Sugarloaf diorite also contains blebs of epidote which may be related to this alteration event. The pervasive albitic alteration is overprinted by fracture-controlled potassic alteration represented by K- feldspar-biotite-epidote veins. These veins were controlled by steeply dipping, north-northwest-striking fractures and are restricted to the Pothook and Cherry Creek intrusions. They are well developed on both the southeast and north walls of the open pit. These veins are not significantly dilatant but are continuous across 20 vertical and 30 horizontal meters, and in many places constitute sheeted vein sets. During this hydrothemal alteration, the assemblages of vein and alteration envelope minerals varied among different host rocks. In unaltered to moderately albitized Pothook diorite and Cherry Creek monzonite the veins are filled primarily by K-feldspar and biotite and have epidote envelopes. In pervasively albitized Pothook diorite, the veins are commonly filled by epidote and have K-feldspar and biotite envelopes. In Pothook diorite affected by pervasive potassic alteration the veins are generally tilled only by epidote. All ofthese varieties contain sub-equal amounts of chalcopyrite and pyrite, along with minor bornite, but they did not contribute substantially to the total metal budget in the deposit.

The main stage of copper ore formation is represented by Fe-oxide-sulphide veins. On the southwest side of the open pit, these veins are characterized by a chlorite-pyrite-chalcopyrite-magnetite-(specular) hematite assemblage, whereas on the northeast side they contain chalcopyrite, bornite, and magnetite. These veins. like the K-feldspar-epidotc veins which they cut, were not significantly dilatant. They have a prefemed orientation approximately peipendicular to that of the K-feldspar-epidote veins, ranging from west-southwest to northwest, with dips generally greater than45". The density of these mineralized veins appears to control ore grade, and produced intervals grading up to 2% Cu and 2 g/t Au in exploration drill core. Where these veins cut Nicola Grouo volcanic rocks or their metamorvhosed equivalents chlorite selvages and envelooes are develooed, whereas in intrusive hosts epidote envelopes and selvages predominate. These veins a r e d i s ~ ~ u t i w o u s and commonlv~dissi~ate into microfractures with eoidote or chlorite envelooes. Previouslv existine fault zones are also at least oartiallv filled bv these Fe-oxidr- sulohide veins. In the centre of the ooen oit, now observable only in drill core, there is a large bodv of clast-suooorted, hvdrothermal breccia which contains rotated fragments of Pothook. C h e w Creek and Sugarloaf intrusions and Nicola Grouo volcanic rocks in a matrix of rock flour. chlorite and write, with subordinate mametite. chalcoovrite and bornite. In olaces, esoeciallv toward the centre of the breccia. the clasts are rounded and ranze in size from 5mm to 100mm. Toward the margins of the breccia the clasts are larger and more angular. and the breccia aradrs into a crackle zone with unrotated fraemrnts in a stockwork of Fe-oxide-sulphide veins. The mineralizing episode that produced the sulphide-bearing veins and breccia was followed by, or possibly evolved into, a propylitic assemblage represented by chlorite-minor calcite-uace pyrite veins without significant associated copper or gold mineralization. Chlorite veinlets range from large continuous joints to mimfractures, and cut both volcanic and intrusive rocks. Chlorite veins do not occur in Pothook diorite which was depleted of Fe and Mg by pervasive albite alteration, but late microfractures filled with Kaolinite-calcite may be temporally equivalent (Bond, 1985; Stanley, 1994). Calcite veins cross-cut the chlorite veins. In intrusive rocks these veins consist solely of calcite and have no alteration envelopes. In volcanic hosts they are commonly associated with talc and serpentine and have chlorite selvages. Calcite veins are discontinuous and have no preferred orientation. In reneral. wider calcite veins remain isolated from each other but are commonlv truncated and cross-cut bv smaller calcite veins. The overall abundance of calcite veins supgests that the rocks have been shattered. Rate, late quartz (amethystine)-calcite-chlorite veins cut all rock and alteration types in the open pit. They panially fill all faults, including those with shallow dips, open spaces in previously formed veins, and shallow-dipping fractures without displacement which are oriented parallel to the shallow-dipping faults. Durine a oeriod of late Teriatv suuereene weathering. some of the chalcoovrite and bomite was destroved and redaced bv native coooe{d 1

T L h tlv fracture-bound. is mical lv oresent in ooen soaces thoueht to have formed bv dissolution of earlier calcite. and oenetrates to deofhs of uo to 50m below the bedrock surface in unfractured rocks and to greater than 200111 below the bedrock surface alone faults.


Geological Map (and Table I , overleaf) copied from: Stanley, C.R., 1994: Geology ofthe Pothook alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, Atton mining camp, British Columbia (92119,10), MDRU Contribution #35. In Geological Fieldwork 1993, BCMEILTPR Paper 1994-1, pp 275-284.

Deposit Types: The Pothook Cu-Au deposit Pit

Rgun 2. Geological map of the Pothook alkalic porphyry copper-gold deposit open pit

British Columbia Geological Survey Branch

Fig. 3d

TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF CHRONOLOGY OF INTRUSIVE, STRUCTURAL,

ALTERATION/METAMORPHISM/WEATHERING EVENTS IN THE POTHOOK ALKALIC PORPHYRY COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT - - - - -

earliest Jurassic

earliest Jurassic

Jurassic I earlier Pothook diorite phase I I

Alteration I Metamorphism 1 Wentheriqg

Hodels in adjacent Nicola volcania

earliest Jurassic

earliest

Faulting Age

earliest Jurassic

Medium-grained Pothook diorite intrudes fine to medium- grained Pothook diorite

earliest Jurassic

Intrusion

Fine to medium-grained Pothook diorite intrudes Nicola volcanics

Steep NNW and ENE faulting disrupts intrusive contacts

C h e w Creek monzonite intrudes

earliest Jurassic

earliest Jurassic

earliest Jurassic

Magnetite-apatite-actinolite blebs. veins and breccias cut Pothook diorite

earliest Jurassic


earliest Jurassic

Pervasive potassic alteration - K-spar replacement / mag

destruction in Pothook diorite

Sugarloaf diorite dikes intrude volcanics and fine to medium- grained Pothook diorite


act-plag homfels contact metamorphic replacement of Nicola volcanics

Pervasive albitic alteration - alb replacement of feldspar and aug, chl replacement of biot

K-feldsparepidote veins cut Pothook diorite and Cherry Creek monzonite

I I I breccias cut all lithologies

earliest I I Chlorite / kaolinite veins fill

I I I

earliest Jurassic

Ironaxide-Cu-sulphide (chlorite-epidote) veins and

Jurassic

earliest Jurassic

joints and microfractures in all lithologies

Calcite veins and crackle zones cut all lithologies

Eocene Shallow NW faulting throws tops to SW

Eocene

Eocene

. .

Pleistocene I I c". dhal A d earthy hematite Eocene I / Steep NW reverse faulting I

Eocene to

Aphyic mafic dikes associated with K~nlqops Group volcanics cut Pothook diorite

Supergene weathering dissolves cpy, precipitates native

mag=magnetite; act= actinolite; plag-plagioclase; alb-albite; aug-augite; chl-chlorite; biot-biotite; cpy-chalcopyrite; chal=chalcocite

Quartz veins cut all lithologia

to Pleistocene Pleistocene

Table 1 (and preceeding page Pothook Pit geologicai map ) copied from: Staniey, C.R., 1994: Geology of the Pothook alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, Afton mining camp, British Columbia (92U9, lo), MDRU Contribution #35. In Geological Fieldwork 1993, BCIZEbIPR, Paper 1994-1, pp 275-284.

down drops supergene- weathered zones into grabens

Glacial erosion produces current exposure level

Discussion and Conclusions Relationship Between Copper and Gold Grades .. . At Pothook. copper and gold from both exploration drill holes and production blast holes show markedly different behavior from that observed at Crescent and DM. In general. copper and gold concentrations are not well correlated and high copper concentrations may occur in samples with relatively low gold wades, and vice versa. This behavior contrasts with both the close correlation between copper and gold and the relativelv constant Cu:Au ratios observed at Crescent and DM and within most other individual alkalic porvhyw deposits (Stanley, 1993 ). The distribution of higher coDDer m d e s at Pothook defines a strow structural control along trends w~th variable strikes. Many of these trends can be traced directly into steeplv-dipping fault zones which were active before. during and after mineralization. The s~atial pattern of higher gold grades, however, suggest that the controls on gold distribution in the Pothook deposit differed from those of cooper. The high densitv of blast holes, the continuitv of assav intervals in exploration drill core samples, and sample masses gea&rAan?k~su~~~_est~that_the l a c k d c ~ m l a t i o n _ h e ~ e n copper and gold is more plausibly related to 1 effects. Copper and gold may. therefore, have been introduced at different times, or bv different means. during the hydrothermal historv of the Pothook deposit.

Se~uence and Evolution of Hvdrothermal Fluids ... The earliest fluids were associated with the Pothook phase of the batholith. Snyder and Russell (1 993bj considered the agmatite phase of the Pothook diorite a modification of the intrusion breccia phase (fragments of Nicola Group volcanic rocks enclosed by a matrix of normal Pothook diorite); they interpret the agmatite as a product of selective volatile assimilation which led to enhanced volatile concentration in the matrix magma which promoted recrystalization of both the volcanic fragments and the Pothook matrix. For the main Pothook diorite intrusion, it is tempting to suggest that the magmatic volatiles responsible for late-stage growth of poikiolitic biotite were incorporated into the magma through operation of the selective assimilation process near the margins of the intrusive mass. The hydrothermal fluids which formed the widespread magnetite-apatite-amphibole veins may have had a similar source, or may represent concentration along joint sets or fractures by orthomagmatic hydrothermal fluids released during late-stage crystallization of other, still molten parts of the Pothook diorite. The role of selective assimilation in concentrating volatiles and producing hydrothermal fluids which formed the later copper-gold ore zones remains to be eva1uated.A second, distinct, and widespread hydrothermal event in the northern end of the batholith resulted in formation of zones of pervasive potassium metasomatism with little or no sulphide. These zones are invariably located along the margins of Cheny Creek intrusions, as noted by Prato (lC)67), and the spatial and temporal association of these events suggests that hydrothermal fluids evolved at high temperatures during late-stage crystallization of the Cherry Creek phase. The common presence of intrusion breccias at the margin of Cherry Creek intrusions favored these zones as fluid conduits. Pervasive albite alteration formed in response to intrusion of dikes and stocks of Sugarloaf diorite and constitutes a third major hydrothermal event. This alteration type is best developed in the A.jax East and Ajax West deposits (Ross et al., this volume), where it is associated with significant sulphide mineralization, and in the Pothook pit, where it introduced only minor sulphide mineralization. The restriction of the albitic alteration to within and adjacent to Sugarloaf dikes suggests that it probably formed as an integral part of the late-stage crystallization of the Sugarloaf diorite. . . . . . . In the Pothook zone, Fe-oxide-sulphide veins and breccia matrices are the major carrier of ore. In the Pothook deposit, ore-stage mineral zoning is spatially consistent with both the predominant orientation of the veins and a hydrothermal fluid source in the Sugarloaf diorite dikes. The zoning of pyrite-chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite-bornite mineral assemblages across the deposit suggests that copper- gold mineraliztion may have precipitated under variable conditions of temperature and/or fluid sulphidation (Einaudi, 1993) which resulted fi-om fluid migration away from the Sugarloaf diorite dikes. The competency of the host rocks to mineralization was augmented by early alteration events, particularly hornfels and albitization, which facilitated subsequent development of brittle fractures that served as fluid flow paths and precipitation sites for main-stage mineralization. Sugarloaf diorite is also thought to be the intrusion most closely related to the formation of copper-gold mineralization at the Ajax deposits (Ross et al., this volume). The very porphyritic texture of the Sugarloaf diorite suggests that it possessed a higher volatile fugacity than earlier intrusions in the batholith, and is therefore consistent with its relationship to copper-gold mineralization. .. .


Surficial Geology and Glaciation

For effective geochemical assessment of the mineral exploration potential on the GM property it is necessary to consider and understand its glacial history in some detaii because of lack of outcrop and presence of thick, considered to be 20-30m. or more, glacial till cover. On the copied 1 : 126,720 scale (lm=2mi.) suriicial geology Map1394A from the GSC Memoir 380, which includes the GM claims area, numerous mapped drumlinoid or streamlined features indicate the direction of the latest ice movement to have been from the northwest, while the local post-glacial to present-day drainage has been in the opposite direction, from the southeast, due to the gently NW-sloping topography on the GM claims. Both of these in turn coincide with the dominant regional N WISE trending faults and topographic lineaments present in the area, Fig.s 4 3 . Regional structures such as the 'Cherry Creek' fault (which coincides with the upper Cherry Creek-Alkali Creek drainage, as inferred in Y. P.J. Kwong's Map Fig.2 in 1987 BCMEMPR Bulletin 77), coincides with a strong intermittent lineament trending at 132"/3 12" on the topographic maps of the area. Evident parallel topographic lineaments inboard to the NE and over the Iron Mask batholith are labeled by the writer successively as the 'GM East Grid', the 'Sugarloaf, - and the 'Leemac' faultllineaments, as shown in Fig.4. Where these NW lineaments are intersected by cross-structures they often coincide with known geophysical and geochemical anomalies, andlor Cu-Au-Ag-Pd mineralization, as discussed below.

The GM East Grid faultllineament coincides with a relatively strongly negative linear magnetic anomaly, Fin.6, and is associated with several multi-element geochemical anomalies. including anomalous pine and fir bark biogeochemistry and the selective 'terrasol' extraction-analyzed soils from the periphery of a 50 m.-wide glacial stagnant- ice type kettle hole centered on a mapped cross-fault at L-850S, 025W, Fias.8,8a-e. Phe Sugarloaf lineament, which is clearly visible as notches in Sugarloaf Hill and 12 km. to the NW on Roper Hill, just south of Kamloops Lake, passes through the Afton Mine open pit. l'he lineament is bracketed on the N W side of the Sugarloaf peak by a strong copper anomaly 'A', and on the SE side by even stronger Cu and very strong gold (2846 ppb Au) anomaly 'E', as labelled in Fig37 soil geochemistry map from the neighbouring Rainbow property 1995 Assesment Report #239 17 by J.M. Oliver, P.Geo. for Peck Exploration Ltd. and Getchel Resources Inc., as copied in part in Fig.8. The parallel Leemac fault zonellineament, Figs 4,4a,b is associated with Cu-Au-Pd mineralization in zones 2 and 22 on the Rainbow property, as recently published on the . -

internet by the present owners, Abacus Mining & Exploration Corp., Appendix XI. The intimate association of Cu-Au soil anomalies with the Sugarloaf lineament on the Rainbow property just 500 m. NE of the GM claims, Fin.8, suggests that at least the geochemical anomalies present in the lee-side till slopes SE of Sugarloaf Hill are likely to be of a more local origin than postulated by most workers in the area, Appendix IV. Detailed work on glacial dispersion of relatively un-oxidized copper mineralization at the Galaxy porphyry Cu-Au deposit, located just east of the Rainbow property, Fia.4, by D.E. Kerr et al., In Geological Fieldwork 1992, BCMEMPR, Paper 1993-1, provides preliminary results on down-ice Cu dispersion in the A-, B-, and C-horizon soils and rabbitbush, and the character of soils and glacial overburden that can be expected to occur in the GM claims area, Appendix XII.


ENVIRONMENT

W.,., IBC i l lS -Wafe l I ,he dw0Sllmg agen,:tarmr arelhoae o,nuv,a,aod,ac"stnne deponlr warer ,ice mien water is meda~oamag agent ~ o r m o! dspor~fr~r somewhat rnodllled

oyilrerencaalglac~alics ~ c e ~ w a r s r facie. - water is the main deDorlflng spent: dePot#Mnel forme are com~lefeiy

modmdorentirdy controlled by prasencsaf placmlice ,ce mier-~cs rs themsin dePoalln9agaot:lormsare tnoreolicedepor~ted materials

Geology by R.J. Fulton, 1960-62

TO accompany Memoir380 by R.J. Fulton

Geological cartography by the Geological Survey 01 Canada

Any revisions or additional geological information known to the user would be welcomed by the Geological Survey of Canada

Base-map produced by the Geographic Division, Surveys and Mapping 1 2a03'

- B r a n c h . Department of Lands, Foresfs, and Wafer Resources Victoria, B.C. 1958-59

Approximate magnetic declination 1974. 23'17' East decreasing 2.8' annually 3 9 4 ~

LEGEND SURFlClAL GEOLOGY

AN - Afton Mine Pit PK - Pothook Pit AX - Ajax E.&W. Pits WEST OF SIXTH MERIDIAN GY -Galaxy Deposit GM - GM Claims BRITISH COLUMBl 92.- Drainage (silt) sample

Scale 1:126,720 1 inch to 2 m i l e s

Miles 2 M I

0 2 4 6 Miles

Kilometres 3 0 3 6 9 Kilometres

Universal Transverse Mercatar Projection

(*Map obtained fiom ABACUS MINING & EXPL. COW. website @ amemining.com; Possible Fault Structures Added by SZ. fa Chqmiso9- ta GM E . W Lsw Mag. h d y )

EXPLORATION

The most recent, unreported, exploration activity on the GM property in 2004 consists of additional detailed geophysical total field ground magnetometer surveys, biogeochemical fir bark multi-element analysis and geochemical 'Tcrrasol' major-element soil sample analysis, as well as orientation rock, sediment and soil geochemical sampling by the writer in preparation of this report, as described in detail below.

Geophysical Ground Magnetometer Suweys

'The results ofthe original 1500x1000 m.> total magnetic field (TMF) magnetometer survey conducted at 20 m. intervals on lines 100 m. apart on the GM East grid have been reported in consultine reologist T,M.Wi!!iams' Noy.6. 21107 GM explorationpmgr3m report to Gold Mask Ventures Limited (GMVL); which outlined a northwesterly low magnctic TMF anomaly trending diagonally from 1.1100S-300E to T200S-i00\V, lnhclcd as the 'Cherry Creek' fault (off-set), based on airborne magnetometer survey information (Figures 5 to 7 in Williams' report).

As recommended, the GM East grid has been expanded to the southeast and in-filled in the northwest, and the GM West grid added over the northwestern CiM claims, u. The additional magnetometer survey results have been tabulated and integrated with the earlier GM East grid readings by Frontier Geosciences Inc. of N . Vancouver, as presented on their geophysical maps, Fig.s 6 and 7, overleaf, and complete results in Appendix V. In order to better assess the origin of both positive and negative magnetic anomalies generated on the GM mineral claims, the writer has constructed Frequency Distribution graphs of the TMF values for both CiM East and GM West grids, Graph IA, and compared them to those from the ground magnetometer survey on the adjacent Rainbow property, Graph lB, obtained from the magnetic survey data in the 1995 A.R.#23917.

The total magnetic field (nT) frequency distribution curves for both GM East and CiM West grids indicate multimodal, normal (non-log-normal), distributions, Graph IA: including both neeative and positive magnetic anomalies, more pronounced on the GM East grid graph, at <56900 nl' and >58100 n'T, respectively. The bi-modal left bulges for both grids, from 56900 nT to 57650 nT. likely represent 1-MF values over the 1-ertiary basalts and derived till, while the right bulge of 57650 nT to 58300 nT is representative of TMF values obtained over mafic Nicola rocks andlor the Iron Mask intrusives, and derived till. The small bulge beyond 58300 nl- on the GM East grid curve coincides with the intrusive peak on the Rainbow grid, Graphs I A.B. 1-he negative magnetic anomalies ofc56900 nl' present on the <iM grids are more negati\rely-anomalous than the lowest readings found in the Rainbow magnetic survey, CiaphslA,B.

GM East Grid Magnetic Anomalies

The principals of GMVL have expanded the GM East grid to the south from 1500s to 2200S, with lines 100 m. apart extended from 500W to 1000W, and added in-fill lines at


50 m. intervals in the northern part of the grid. The additional total magnetic field readings taken at 20 m. stations total 17.6 kilometers, m. The diagonal magnetic low anomaly has been refined with fill-in lines in the NE sector, with a strongly anomalous magnetic low of <56500 (nT) identified, stretching over a 500m. length at 3 12" NW, from L300S-300W to L50N-400W, being off-set 150 m. to the northeast by an inferred northeasterly trending cross-fault, to form another 550 m.-long negatively-anomalous segment at 3 l2"NW of <S7OOO (nT) intensity from L350S-140W to L900S-00 B.L., where a second widening of the magnetic low anomaly coincides with another cross fault, trending at 34' NE, asmapped on the adjacent Rainbow property, and causing a minor off-set to the northeast, as postulated on F i w 6 and 8. This negative magnetic anomaly has been extended in the southeast to L1900S-300W where, though much weaker, it remains open beyond the GM property to the southeast. A IOOm-wide kettle hole centered on L85OS-SOW, F&S, indicative of glacial ice stagnation, forms a deep topographic depression coincident with the fault intersection: and is rimmed by anomalous biogeochemistry and 'Terrasol' soil geochemistry, as discussed below under the 'Previous Geochemical Surveys' heading. The strong magnetic low anomaly trending diagonally NW across the GM East grid coincides with a topographic lineament, as shown on F&4, which parallels the Cherry Creek faultllineament to the southwest. It is labeled by the writer as the 'GM East grid faultllineament', since the Cherry Creek fault itself, where postulated on Figure 2 in MEMPR Bulletin 77 by Y.T.J. Kwong, is associated with a totally separate topographic lineament and another magnetic low anomaly, also trending at 3 lzoNW, as evident on the GM West grid, discussed below. The southeastern GM East grid extension contains a wider SE-trending L1000S-850W to L2100S-550W negative magnetic anomaly on strike with the Cheny Creek fault zone, off-set on the last line to L2200S-250W, indicative of another NE-trending cross-fault. A 200 m.-long positive magnetic anomaly of >585OO nT, trending northerly from L1500-300W to L1300S-200W is located half-way between the GM East grid faultilineament and the Cherry Creek faultilineament, m 6 .

GM West Grid Magnetic Anomalies

The GM West grid covers the northwestern GM1,10,11, and part of GM22 claims, on lines 100W to 1550W at 50 m. apart, from 0 Base Line to 500N, -5. Total magnetic field readings were taken at 20 m. intervals, for a total of 13.0 kms. In the western sector of the grid a weak negative magnetic anomaly of 4 7 5 0 0 nT, trending at 312°northwesterly from L1100W-0B.L. to L1550W-400N, coincides with the projected Cherry Creek fault zone, m. A high-quality field-sieved lithic drainage sample. #SED001. collected in this zone by the writer. yielded a highly anomalous 130 ppb Au. 340 ~ p b Pd, 468 ppm Cu, &.& and Appendix VIII, as discussed in detail under 'Anomalous Drainage Samples Geochemistry' below. In the eastern portion of the GM West grid, a larger, stronger negative magnetic anomaly of <57000 nT is cut-off to the northwest by a 54"NE cross-fault projected from L950W-0B.L. to L250W-SOON, which roughly coincides with the labeled 'major' cross-fault on Figure 5 airborne magnetic survey map in the T.M. Williams report.


GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. OM Claims OM EAST &WEST GRIDS MAP

I GOLD MASK VENTURES LT

For Gdkl Mask Ventures Ltd. OM GRIDS - MAGNETIC ANOMALIES

(Rainbow Till Data Compiled fnom A.R.M31917)

For Gold Mask Ventures Ltd rainbow Maanetometer Survev '94*

'(TMF Data Cmpiled from Assesment Report #231Q17)

100N-

ON-

-

i-

i-

i-

i-

IWOS-

S. Zastavnikovich, P . h . (Map received by E-mail h n Frmtier Geoseienees he.) Fk. 6a

+ STATION

TOTAL MAGNETIC FIELD (nT)

METRES

I GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. MONARCH I OM CWM

MAGNETIC ANOMALY SURVEY

WEST GRID I TOTAL MAGNETIC FIELD (nT) . .

FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.

r GOLD WSK VENTURES LTD.

Previous Biogeochemical and Geochemical Suweys

As described under 'Introduction, Terms of Reference and Disclaimer' and 'History' above, the principals of Gold Mask Ventures Limited, R.D. Lodmell and L.D. Lutjen, carried out, from fall of 2000 to the end of 2002, biogeochemical orientation sampling of the outer bark of some 34 Ponderosa pine and 36 Douglas fir trees, and a geochemical 'Terrasol' selective-extraction-analyzed 374 soil sample survey, plus additional systematic sampling of the outer bark of 306 Douglas fir trees in 2003 over the original Lines 0-1 5S by 5E-5W (1500x1000 m.) GM East grid. The Ponderosa pine and initial Douglas fir orientation sampling has been documented and discussed in detail in consulting geologistigeochemist Dr. Colin E. Dunn's advisory memos, Appendices 111, IV, and in consulting geologist T.M. Williams' 2003 exploration program report on the GM mineral property, Assesment Report #27268, while the 'Terrasol'soil sampling survey is presented in detail and evaluated in Dr. Dunn's March, 2002 geochemical report to Gold Mask Ventures Limited (GMVL), submitted for assessment as A.R. #26848. All aspects of sample quality and analysis for the biogeochemical and the 'terrasol' soil samples are thoroughly discussed in his advisory letters and report by Dr. Durn, who is an internationally recognized authority on biogeochemistry in mineral exploration.

In May, 2004 GMVL delivered all 243 Douglas fir bark samples. including the 36 samples prcviously analyzed, which were collected at regular 40 m.-intervals along lines 100 m. apart on the GM East grid, to EcoTech laboratories in Kamloops for 28 multi- element ICP analysis on 5g. of ashed bark per sample, the complete results ofwhich are presented in Appendix V1, and reported on below. The percentage weight of ash obtained from 5 grams of bark per sample were not recorded, thus direct comparisons with the analyzed sample weights from the previous biogeochemical orientation surveys are not possible

In an effort to summarize and refine the anomalous geochemical and biogeochemical results from the previous surveys mentioned above, the writer has constructed multi- trace element 1 major element ratio bubble plot Anomaly Maps, Figs 8a-e, supported by correlation Tables ICTs) I ,la,b, 2, 3,3a,b, overleaf, to identify and illustrate both strengths and limitations present in the analytical results obtained from each type of survey. Based on the writer's extensive experience in interpreting multielement data in geochemical expforation, made available by the advent of ICP analysis since the late seventies, identification of true geochemical anomalies requires comparison of the high, seemingly-anomalous, raw analytical trace element-of-interest values against those of their positively correlated 'major', or 'matrix' elements. The remnant, or residual ratios yield more significant and interpretable geochemical ore-element and their pathfinder-element anomalies, particularly since the samples routinely involve weathered, or oxidized media, whether it be rock, till, sediment, soil, or as discussed below. plants growing on them.


Biogeochemical Ponderosa Pine Bark Orientation Survey

The raw analytically-anomalous results of sampling the outer bark of the Ponderosa pine trees on the GM East grid are covered in geologist T.M. Williams' November 2003 report to GMVL (A.R. #27268) and the limitations of the survey, including some samples of insufficient size for ashing prior to analysis, are detailed in Dr. C.E. Dunn's advisory letters to GMVL principals, Appendices I11 and IV. As the Correlation Table 1B (CT 1B) overleaf indicates, all the elements, except silver, are more or less strongly negatively correlated to the analytical weight, i.e., samples with the most deficient weights (ranging down to 0.2 g., instead of the required 0.5 g.) have the hiehest values for most elements. - The anomalous element i analyzed weight ratios for the precious metals Au and Ag, the platinum group elements (PGEs) Pt and Pd, and lead, the base metal least affected by the weight correlation (at -.3), are presentcd as bubble plots on the Au-Ag-PGE-Pb i wt. ratios Map Fig.%, overleaf. The highest raw analytical values for these elements are also shown on the map, for comparison. Because the correlation Table 1 B indicates that the major elements have weightielement coefficients similar to those for the trace elements (Al, Mg, -.7, Fe, Mn, Ca, -.4, and Na, K, -.3), no additional ratios against the 'majors' were calculated for presentation on the anomaly map. Even when multiplied by the less-than-optimum analytical weights, the highest analytical values for both precious metals, as well as the PGEs and lead, remain highly anomalous, particularly at sampling sites located near either positive or negative magnetic anomalies. Thus, the very strong 280ppb Au. 176pub Pd, 28ppb Pt values at LZOOS-320W from a low-weight sample remain highly anomalous, and like the highly anomalous I I .9ppm Ag, 78ppb Pd, 35ppb Pt, 128ppm Pb from the L900S-OBaseIine area, are located directly over the most strongly negative magnetic anomaly, and in the cross-fault area, respectively, along the NW-trending 'GM East grid faultilineament', compare Map Figures 6. 8 and 8b. Similarly, the low-sample-weight high value of 149ppb Au remains anomalous, and the normal-weight 3 . 2 p p m ~ ~ g an&malo& value from the L1300S-240W area pine trees directly overlie the strongest positive magnetic anomaly on the GM East grid, stretching southeasterly from L1300S-200W TO L1500S-300W: w. The associated manganese high value of 4820ppm Mn may indicate presence of strongly fractured bedrock, or breccia, underneath the surficial till. The 3.2ppm Ag high-silver pine tree was visited by the writer together with R.todmell, and found to be of small, 10 cm., diameter, which may be another variant affecting the overall results of the biogeochemical surveys, since most of the pine trees sampled were of a much larger diameter, reportedly averaging 20-30 centimeters. Orientation soil samples taken by the writer in the immediate area yielded only uniform background multielement results, with the exception of an elevated mercury value, as discussed below under 'present surveys'. Over one half of the Ponderosa pine tree ashed samples contain over 1, the upper analytical limit, most of which are located in the magnetically low zones, although the one at L1500S-320W is associated with the positive magnetic anomaly, F&&.


Bio~eochemical Douglas Fir Bark Orientation and Detailed Suwevs

Following Dr. Dunn's recommendation, the principals of GMVL switched in 2002 form scarce pine trees to sampling the more available outer bark of the Douglas fir. of which the first 36 samples were analyzed at Acme labs for 55 elements in spring of 2003. As with pine bark samples, several fir barks were of less than adequate analytical weight, with variously correlated results indicated in Table 1A. Very strong correlations exist between the mineralization-related trace elements, as well as their pathfinders, and the 'major' elements: m. overleaf, indicates correlation coefficients for at 0.9 for CuIMg, CuIA1, and at 0.8 for Cu/Fe, but highly negative for Cu/Ca of -0.9, and for CuIMn of -0.7. Similarly, gold correlates with Fe, Al, Mg at 0.7and 0.6, but negatively with Ca, Mn at -0.6 and -0.5. Palladium is similarly, but less strongly correlated with Pd/Fe./Al at 0.4, and negatively with PdlCa,IMn at -0.4 and -0.3. These and other strongly positive trace element I maior element association ratios are utilized by the writer in construction of the bubble-plot Anomaly Maps for identification of residual, possibly mineralization-related, trace element anomalies, as in Fig.s $a-e.

Of the more than fifty elements analyzed, Hg, Ge, Ta, values were all below their detection limits (d.1.s). Other elements, such as TI, Bi, Nb, Sb, stayed mostly below or at their d.l.s., or barely above in the underweight samples, and are thus not included in CT overleaf. Strong calcium values range form 9.3% to 28.5% Ca, with more than a third of them equal to or greater than 20%Ca, which dominate the overall correlations because the positively-charged metal cations exibit uniformly strong negative association, while the calcium favors the anionic and substitute species, including trace elements Zn,Cd,Sr,Nb.W,B,As,Sb,Pb,Sn,Se,Te, and the major elements K,Mn,P,S, as seen in correlation Table 1A. Like the high-potassium values in the bark of pine trees, the high- calcium values are mostly present in fir trees located mainly along negative magnetic anomalies and/or drainage lineaments, but are also present over the strongest positive magnetic anomaly centered at L1300S-300W, Map Fie.6.

The Au-Ag-Re-Zn I 'majors' ratio bubble-plot anomaly Map F i g . 8 ~ overleaf also shows the highest raw analytical values for these elements for comparison, plus the few high PGE, Cu, values as well as Pb., which are associated with high u. One prominent exception to the element associations is the highly anomalous platinum of 18Ippb Pt at OBaseline-020W, which has no other anomalously associated biogeochemistry. A similarly isolated occurence at L600S-020W of a strongly anomalous & value of 4.8ppm Sn also requires further investigation. Because the orientation fir bark sample locations are more scattered than those for the pine trees, the anomalous sites are also more widespread. Of the Cu-Au-Ag-Pd mineralization-related elements, anomalous siiver values are the least affected by the major, or matrix' elements biogeochemistry. as is their pathfinder element rhenium, correlation Table 1A. The high 854pob Az, 53ppb Re values present at L1100S-340E are associated with elevated manganese of O.S9%Mn, but remain strongly anomalous on the bubble-plots Map Fig& despite ratios against their more highly correlated 'majors'. This sample site is located off the GM property on the


Rainbow property's Jaxd8 claim, but a similarly anomalous rhenium value of 45ppb Re is present on the GM claims at L100S-100W, Map Fig.s 8,8c. The two gold-palladium anomalous sites, with 162ppb Au, 35mb Pd at L500S-260E and 97ppb Au, 14ppb Pd at L900S-380E, are also located on the Rainbow side, according to the property line on Fig 4 geology map in their 1995 Assessment Report #23917, as copied by the writer on the sample location Map Fig.8, in pocket, in this report. The weaker Au-Pd anomalous fir tree is located on the 'Tuff Hill', over the mapped 'unitlo' "feldspar phyric felsic dyke", as copied in F&.&

The results of the detailed Douglas fir bark biogeochemical survey on the GM East grid have not been reported on, and are here presented and discussed in detail. Complete analytical results, together with the analytical procedure, are assembled in Appendix VI, while correlation Tables 1.2 and the silver-zinc-copper bubble plot ratios anomaly Map FirXa, illustrate the significantly anomalous trace element relationships. The analytical results for the 343 detailed fir bark samples in Appendix VI suffer on several accounts relative to the earlier biogeochemical analysis of the orientation pine and fir tree bark surveys summarized above: The smaller number of trace elements analyzed (28 compared to 50+ earlier) is not nearly as serious a drawback to geochemical interpretation as are the much higher detection limits of an order of magnitude, from the ppb to the ppm level, resulting in elimination of one third of the elements quoted in Appendix VI analysis from participation in the correlations Table 1. Also. g&i and the PGE-group elements platinum, palladium were not analyzed. The two unusually-anomalous adjacent samples at L300S-020E and -060E are laboratory defects (verbal communication with J. Jealouse, EcoTech labs), not further considered.

As in the previous orientation analyses, of the available mineralization-related elements, Cu.Pb,Zn, are strongly correlated to the major elements, while & remains relatively independent, and is therefore not ratioed on the anomaly Map Fig.Ba, overleaf. The strong affinity between the base metals and major elements is illustrated for in correlation Table 2. which includes the earlier orientation biogeochemical fir bark analysis. Only two of the copper values are even weakly anomalous, relative to their Fe+Mg+Al 'major' element association, at sites L300S-340E, with 60ppm Cu, and L300S-420E with only 19mm Cu, both located just beyond the GM property, while I l9ppmCu at L100S-100W on the GM claims has a non-anomalous -majors' ratio. Similarly, the lead vatues, ranging up to only 6ppm Pb, are non-anomalous.

The remaining two mineralization-related elements, silver and zinc, however indicate distinctly anomalous patterns to be present in Douglas fir bark on the GM property. - . . .

As the anomaly Map Fig. 8a overleaf illustrates, anomalous silver values of 0.3ppm Ag are associated with the above identitied Pd,Pt,Re, anomalies in the northwestern sector of the GM East grid, in the area of widened negatively anomalous magnetometer readings, F&6, and postulated cross-faults, Fig.s 6.8. Anomalous &. and less so &g values, present on lines L1200S-1400s bemeen stations 300W-500W, coincide with the western portion of the strongest positive magnetic anomaly, located in the southwestern comer of the original 1000x1 500 m. GM East grid, Fir.s 6,8,8a.


C FIR BARK ECOTECHlabsdAay'W CORRELATLON TABLE 1

File - AK2004-264

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo AClabs File 20729-Nw.'00

OM claims. EAST GRIP p. FIR Rark- COPPER V3 Mqior E 1 e ~ n . t ~ fF?,!Ma.AI) O~RRELATIQN T A B C ~ 2

GM Claims- EAST GRID Silver andZn-CutMaiors' Ratio ANOMALIES

0 100 300 400 500 " Lin&%uth, f#. 000

lo#) 1MO IffD iSm 1400

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Beo. Emtech File AK2004-264

GM Claims- East Grid Q. FIR Bark Gold-Silver-Rhenium-Zinc-PGE ANOMALIES

ACMElaba File A2003-808

'Terrasol' Soil Sampling Survey

The conclusions in Dr. C.E. Durn's March, 2002 geochemical report to GMVL on the results of the selective extraction 'terrasol' geochemical soil survey conducted on the GM East grid, A.R.#26848, state (page 18) in part: ... Consequently, at this strrge uj'dutu interrogution, the primuq~ objective hus been to uscerruin the validity <$the dutu (i.e. goudprecision) und to provide u simple visuul portrayal ofthe element distribution putterrrs. Obvious ussociutions huve been grouped together and briefly described. More subtle u.ssociurions need to be con.sidered, und the dula re-evuluuted on a cvnstunt busis us more geuphysicul, geochemicut, und geologicul i ~ ~ ~ r m u r i u n ~ L ' L - O ~ ~ I P S u1~uiluble.

Figure 13 provides u preliminary interpretution of the ureu bused upun the Terru.~ol geochemicul dutubuse (comprising determinution.~for 6 0 elements on 3 74 sumple.sj. The iilfL;rredfuult,s are buved upon .shifl.s in element trends (ujier due conriderution @element yuulityi. Considering that the 'terrasol' analysis did not include the major elements (despite the wealth of 60 trace elements analyzed), in preparation for this geochemical summary report the writer obtained additional 10-major-element-package analysis on the original -terrasol' soil sample pulps from Activation Laboratories (ActLabs) of Ancaster, Ont., as presented in Appendix V11.

analyses are compared in correlation Table 3 overleaf, which indicates good correlation for most samples, but also considerable deviation for some, particularly for Cr, which is notoriously more difficult to reproduce in geochemical analysis. The correlation discrepancies for these two elements do suggest that, for the purpose of trace- elementimajor-element ratio anomaly identification, it is desirable to include the major-element package in the original trace element ICP analysis. Because strong -tcrrasol' anomalies are almost exclusively associated with the Ajax pits ore haulage road on the GM East grid, the most anomalous samples for each element in the original data, and the -major' elements, were separated by the writer from the less anomalous-to background samples, resulting in correlation Table 3A, with 74 of the samples anomalous in at least one element, and the rest of 2% samples in a. Comparing C'I' 3A vs. CT 3B, strong haul-roadside a-Hg-Re-In-Li-Ca-Mg + Mo,Cd, correlations, (not Pb, and less Cd, if L300S-100E sample is removed) present in the 74 anomalous samples, disappear in a, where the weaker m-Sb-Au-Ba associations with Mg-V-Ni-Co-Cr from the mafic minerals dominate. In contrast, z&, for example, which is not anomalous along the haul road, (see Dr. Durn's -Terrasol' A.R. #26848), has the uniformly strong, typical weathering environment, 'major' element association of &-Fe-Mn-Al in both correlation Tables m. On the Cu-Mo-Pd-Hg I 'majors ratio anomaly Map F i~ .8d , overleaf, only copper is almost overwhelmingly anomalous along the haul road, while &at L900S-020W, palladium and mercury at western ends of lines 600S, 700S, at L1400S-180E, and elsewhere are particularly anomalous along the magnetic lows and intersecting structures. On the Pb-Zn-Cd-Ba I 'ma.jors' ratio anomaly Map Fig.8e lead, zinc, cadmium and barium are similarly anomalous along the same features, and centrally to peripherally at the magnetic high over the western side of lines 1200s-1500S, Fig.s 6,8e.


GM Oairns L PGE' ICPlMS VS. 'MAJORS' ICPI-NA I YSlg , . . ,, . : , . . . . , . . . , , ., > . .. :' ' .' ,' . ~,

COiRRELAllON TABLE 3 ~~

hctlabs: '02-2353W and '04-1300Maj374

Geochemical Orientation Rock, Drainage Silt, and Soil Sampling

As discussed under 'Introduction . . .' above, on two day's visits to the GM mineral property the writer collected 2 1 rock, 2 drainage, I till silt and 17 soil samples in order to relate anomalous lithogeochemistry to drainage and soil sampling results. and compare them to the previous biogcochemical pine and fir trce bark. and 'terrasol' soil sampling surveys conducted on the GM East grid, as summarized above. All the samples were geochemically analyzed at the local Eco fech Laboratory Ltd. in Kamloops for 28 trace. minor and maior elements by aqua-regiaIlCP, mercury by the cold vapor method, plus gold-platinum-palladium 30 g. fire assay11CP package on the drainage and selected rock samples, as described and presented in A~~endicesVlI1.1X.

Correlation Table 4A for rock samples indicates -to be strongly correlated with silver and gold, at the 0.9, 0.8 level, plus molybdenum, palladium and phosphorus with 0.5, 0.4, 0.4 respectively. All other elements analyzed, including mercury, are either negatively correlated with Cu, or not at all. Lead: zinc and Cd, are strongly correlated with Al,, and less so with Fe.Mn and -- I . Y, . Mercuw, together with arsenic and antimony, are best correlated with barium. The ultramafic 'picrite' sample accounts for the strong Co-Ni-Cr-Mg-K correlation.

The high-quality field-sieved lithic silt drainage sample #SEDOI, from the NW corner of the CiM property along the Cherry Creek fault zone, carries a highly-anomalous classic alkalic porphyry 468ppm Cu, 130ppb Au, 340ppb Pd, 6ppm Mo mineralization signature, but barely detectable 0.2mrn Ag. The second drainage sample, 2.4 km SE along the same or nearby parallel fault zone on the GM East grid, produced barely anomalous jjppm Ln, 1 0 p m S b , and a highly anomalous 160ppb Au gold value. The nearby till silt sample also had 10ppm Sb, but only 37ppb Au, Fig.8, Appendix V111.

The three short, closely-spaced soil sample intervals on lines 200S, 1000S and 1300S, map Fig.8, taken to check biogeochemical anomalies and SP survey contaminated soil holes, resulted in each case in weakly anomalous andlor mercury values at one of the sites of 126ppm Cu, 1 IOppbIlg, Ijppb Pd at LZOOS-200W, 11 8ppm Cu. 50ppb I lg at L1000-025E and 71ppm Cu, 90ppb Hg at L1300-245W on the GM East grid. The small number of samples taken precludes comprehensive statistical analysis, but the correlation Table 4C clearly indicates to be very strongly correlated with Fe,M~V.Ni,Co,Mn,P, at the 0.9 to 0.7 level, and to Ca,Sr at 0.6, with I k A s , Pd at 0.5 to 0.4 correlation coefficients. & correlates strongly with Mo,Bi at 0.8 and with Ba.Mn at 0.7, while the uniformly non-anomalous lead values are strongly tied to the equally uniform aluminum, at m, and associated Ti,Y values at 0.8,0.7 coefficicnts, respectively. The elements Pt, Ag, Cd, La, Sn, U, W had all their values below their respective detect~on limits (d.l.s), while Bi and Mo had only one value each at their d.1.s in the B-horizon soils sampled at uniformly average 10 cm. depth, Appendix VIII. Anomalous element values h r the soil and drainage sediment samplcs are inscribed on the 15000 scale topographic and geochemical Mat, Fic.8. in pocket.


SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH

To enhance geochemical assessment of the mineralization potential of the GM mineral claims, the writer collected copper-mineralized float rocks found along the Afton-Ajax haul road, which transects the NE comer of the property, in order to relate the alkalic porphyry Cu-Au-Ag-Pd mineralization-element lithogeochemical associations to the biogeochemical tree bark, the selective leach 'terrasol' plus regular aqua-regia1ICP soil, and high quality drainage surveys results obtained thus far. The two drainage sediment and one till silt orientation samples were collected using a specially constructed perforated pan and sieve device in order to consistently provide field wet-sieved uni-phase material, unlike standard 'grab' silt sampling surveys, by separating the lithic fraction from organic debris and the lighter clay fines. When combined with the writer's experienced sample site selection, the high-quality drainage sampling method in turn yields repeatable analvtical values independent of seasonal variations and makes it possible to identify even subtle mineralization-related trace element anomalies from deeper or more distant sources, as the strongly anomalous Cu,Au,Pd in the NW, and strongly anomalous Au plus weakly anomalous Zn,Sb results from the central area adjacent to the high mabmetic anomaly indicate. The B-horizon soils were sampled with a 'grubhoe' at uniformly average 10 cm. depth into regular 'kraft' water-permeable paper bags obtained from laboratory supplies.

SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY

All the samples wcre delivered the following day in person by R.D. Lodmcll to the local, well-recognized, EcoTech Laboratory in Kamloops for lowtemperature @ 40°C) drying and -80 mesh sieving of soils and silts, and 28 element aqua-regia/ICP, and cold-vapor mercury analysis. Drainage and selected rock samples were also analyzed for the 30 gr. gold-platinum-palladium fire-assayiICP package; all are standard geochemical methods. The 5 Qr. fir bark sam~les were ashed and likewise analyzed at EcoTech as described in ~ppenvdices VI and V ~ I . The pulps of the original 'terrasol'-analyzed soil samples were analyzed for 10 "maiors" elemen& package b; ICPIOES on the d c t ~ a b s ' " ~ e r r a ~ o l " selective leach

DATA VERIFICATION

The precision (reproducibility) of the analytical values for all samples has been well maintained by repeated analyses of internal laboratories' standards, and duplicate analyses of a few samples per batch, as per Cerificates and results, Appendices VI-VIII. One highly Cu-mineralized rock sample, #RD001 was secretly re-submitted to EcoTech in a subsequent batch as #RD006 for external laboratory control, with acceptable results. Two adjacently-analyzed fir bark samples with unusually anomalous (both +ve and -ve) geochemistry were confirmed verbally, as discussed above, to be analytical artifacts, and were eliminated from statistical processing. All aspects of Quality Control on previous biogeochemical tree bark and 'terrasol' selective leach soil sample analyses are thoroughly and authoritatively covered in Dr. C.E. Dunn's advisory memos to GMVL, Appendices III,IV, and his 'Terrasol' geochemical report, submitted as A.R.#26848.

S, Zostavnikovich, P.Geo., Consulting Geochemist 23

ADJACENT PROPERTIES

The Rainbow property, adjacent to the northeast of the GM mineral claims, Map Fig.8, provides relevant information for the mineralization potential of the GM property because of Rainbow's location along the Nicola volcanics/Iron Mask batholith contact, and the significance of dyke rocks for its Cu-Au-Ag-Pd mineralization, as quoted below from the 1995 A.R.#23917, including detailed descriptions of the Nicola rocks:

I. Stratigraphic Section

Mafic Flows (Nicola. Unit I) Both massive clinoowoxene and olivine flows and vesicular hematitic flows are ~dentified in drill . .

cwe. Olivine was sporadically identified petrographically. Clinopyroxene is the more common phenocryst member. Clinopyroxenes are often replaced by fine grained talc and uralite. The resultant pseudomorphs typically form light cream to yellow cream ovalq up to 1.5 cm's along the long dimension, and are rimmed by a black oxide. A very similar description of picritic basalts, from elsewhere along the margins of the Iron Mask batholith, has been documented by Snyder and Russel (1994). Suhareal flows may show excellent devitritication textures. Three variation of this rock are identified, unit 1 a massive flows, unit I h hematitic flows and unit lc plaeioclase phyric flows. . . Mafic Pvroclastics (Nicola, unit 2)

Two lithologic members are identified in this interval, including matic ash falls (2a) and ash falls with interbedded cl~opyroxene crystal tuffs (2h). These rocks have pocky defmed beds, with diffuse contact. Graded beds, load structures or other indications of younging are not noted. Clastic Sediments (Nicola, Unit 3)

These rocks have only been identified in drill core. Narrow clastic and volcaniclastic wedges, seldom more than a few metres thick are sometimes juxtaposed between flow sequences. These rocks are poorly bedded in incompetent. Because of this feature they are usually strongly sheared. Under conditions of high strain some of these handed "sediments" may be mylonitic tectonites. The strong spatial association with major fault structures and some internal fabric relations supports this interpretation. Four members are recognized, units 3a to 3d. . . .

2. Geological and Structural Relations

The Mapping program succeeded in answering several of the questions initially posed at the onset of this project. The geological maps generated by this mapping program are shown at a scale of 15,000 on Figure 4 and 1:2,500 on Figure 5. The data from these maps indicates:

At least three dyke phases are present within the exposed portions of the Sugarloaf intrusions across the southeastern portions of Sugarloaf Hill. Structurally controlled mineralized zones may be preferentially developed at or near the contact of these intrusions. Two of the three adits on the southeastern portions of the mineral claims are collared on mineralized zones closely associated with the emplacement of melano or coarsely hornblende porphyritic dyke rocks. ...

The distribution of map scale alteration suggests:

(i) Copper mineralized zones are associated with alteration assemblages which are most typically characterized by the destruction of primary magnetite. This is particularly true

for alteration zones dominated by potassium feldspar or albite. (ii) Copper mineralized zones may he flanked by alteration assemblages

dominated by epidote and pyrite. The proportion of pyrite is likely to be greater than the percentage of chalcopyrite in copper mineralized zones.

Both (i) and (ii) suggest that on this property, copper mineralized zones will be characterized by magnetic and IP lows, flanked by magnetic and IP highs.

Correlations for Rainbow's 2 & 22 mineralized zones are provided in Appendix XI.


INTERPRETATION AND CONC1,USIONS

Based on the strong lithogeochemical trace element correlations in mineralized float picked up along the ore-haul Ajax -Afton road, Table 4A, the elements directly related to

mineralization present along the western edge of the Iron Mask batholith east of the GM claims are silver, gold, molvbdenum and palladium. Mercury, even though highly present as cinnabar in some strongly Na-altered Cu-rich rocks, is almost absent from the less altered, strongly Cu-mineralized intrusive samples, thus showing no overall correlation t o w , Appendices VII1,TX. The low correlation of Pd with Cu, Au in the mineralized 2 & 22 Zones on the Rainbow property, except in the 'west-central' drill holes associated with a likely cross fault, Fig 4b. Appendix XI, suggests that the palladium is concentrated by deeper oxidation along strong cross-structures, which in turn are associated with the dyke rocks, as quoted above. The enhanced hydrothermal activity, particularly at intersections of the cross-cutting dyke rocks and associated structures with the more regional NW trending fault zones results in destruction of magnetite and formation of the low mag anomalies. Such anomalies are present over the Leemac fault zone at the NE end of lines in the 22 Zone area on the Rainbow magnetometer grid, F i ~ r e 6 in A.R.#23917, and at widened low mag anomalies along the 'GM East grid faultllineament', centered on L4OOS-2OOW and on L9OOS-OBaseLine.

The variously associated trace elementlmajor element ratio biogeochemical Ponderosa pinc and Douglas tir bark anomalies, and geochemical 'terrasol' selective leach soil anomalies at these locations and/or extensions of the postulated cross-faults, Fie.s8,8a-e, lend support to sclcction of these locations as initial drill targets for possible Cu-Au-Pd mineralization. Conversely, the highly anomalous Cu-llg-Re-In-Li trace element signature for alkalic porphyry copper mineralization present along the Afton-Ajax haul road (see Dr. C.E. Dunn's Terrasol' report, A.R.#26848), though real enough because i t survives the 'majors' element ratios, F&&, is a direct consequence of the weakly mineralized road- fill material, with occasional presence of more highly mineralized float, as sampled by the writer. The seasonal run-off has contaminated the roadside slopes, while the associated strongly anomalous geochemistry has masked the lesser, uncontaminated, legitimate anomalies in these elements over the rest of the GM East grid, such as exist in the arca ofthe positive magnetic anomalies on Lines 1200s-1500s at 200W-400W.

The high mag anomalies of over 58350 gammas in the above location, Map Fig.6 and Graph 1 A, correspond to the TMF peak in readings over intrusive rocks on the Rainbow magnetometer grid, frequency distribution GraphlB, and suggest that intrusive dykes and associated magnetic skarns may underlie the area. The strongly anomalous 1 6 0 p ~ b Au gold value present in the nearby high-quality drainage sample #SED002 lends support to the local h&h mag-gold association. The central silver and gold anomalies, the central to peripheral lead and zinc ratio anomalies, and the peripheral copper and arsenic high values present in pine and fir bark plus anomalous rhenium and maneanese suggesting oxidized breccia, Map Fie.s8a,b, confirm the positive magnetic anomalies area as a drill target for gold mineralization.

S. Zastavnikovich. P.Geo., Consulting Geochemist 25

Such environment would be favorable for second type of mineralization that can occur on the CiiM mineral claims, modeled on the OR gold deposit in the Quesnel River area, as described by Fox, P.E. and Cameron, R.S. in Paper 66 in the CIM Special Vol. 46: under 'Discussion-:

The QR gold deposit is a precious metal enriched (PME) skarn associated with dioritic rocks of alkaline al'linity. ... fhe Q K rocks plot in the alkalic lield whereas virtually all ol'the other skarn-related intrusions are subalkalic. The QR skarn also differs in its mineralogical make-up. QR skarn is plrite- and cpidote- rich and is unlike tbe pyroxene-garnet-pyrrhotite assemblages typical of PME skarn associated with subalkalic intrusions. Arsenic and bismuth minerals, typical accessory minerals in gold skarns, are rare or absent. . . .

The QR deposit is similar in many respects to other gold-enriched skarns but differs from typical gold skarn deposits by the presence of relatively oxidized assemblages, pyrite v s pyrrhotite and epidote vs pyroxene. high FeziFeO and K20Na20 ratios, lack of arsenic and bismuth minerals, and association with alkalic intrusive rocks. Mineral assernbtages at OK are typical of low temperature ferromagnesian exoskarns developed from mafic protoliths. Like many gold skarn deposits, the best gold tcnors at Q K occur at the skarn lion1 or outer limit ol'the contact aureole where the skarn front intersects calcareous tuffite. Isotope chemistry is consistent with a magmatic hource tbr gold and hydrothermal fluids.

and under 'Conclusions' The Ql< skarn deposit is regarded as a subtype of a group of gold skarn deposits. Diagnostic

features of the Q R subtype are the association with alkaline intrusive rocks. relatively oxidized mineral assemblages (p) rite. magnetite, epidote). cpidote-rich skarn, and i'ormation at shallow depths in a subvolcanic environment.

Sub-units of the mafic Nicola pyroclastics (Unit 2) described for Rainbow under 'adjacenl properties' may correspond to the 'tuffite' host rocks for gold mineralization in the QR deposit, described as '...locally grades laterally from calcite-cemented tuffaceous basaltic breccia into lapillistone. ...- (p.832), and can be expected to occur on the CiM mineral claims, while mapped Nicola elastic sediments (Unit3) occur on 'Tuff Hill' at L800S-500E on GM East grid at the eastern edge of the property. The sampled porphyritic drill core from dilapidated storage area at L1500S-400W does contain anomalous mercury, arsenic and barium values of up to 310ppb HE, 25ppm As, 7 3 5 ~ p m Ba, and greater than 10% calcium; if proven to be in situ, the drilling missed the longer of the two mag highs by some 100 meters, Map F i r s 6.6a.8, Appendices VIII, IX.

The strongly anomalous 468ppm Cu, 1 3 0 p ~ b Au, 340ppb Pd, 6ppmMo alkalic porphyry mineralization signature obtained in drainage sample #SED001 along the Cherry Creek fault zone on the GM West grid, Map Fir.8, is however more likely to have arrived from some distance, due to its location along the Kamloops Lake valley, probably as lateral moraine from the AftonIPothook area. Only additional detailed high-quality drainage sampling in the GM West grid area can help define the most likely source of this very strong drainage sample geochemical multi-element anomaly.


RECOMMENDATIONS

The writer is of the opinion that the GM mineral property is of sufficient merit to warrant further exploratory work. It is recommended that this additional work be conducted in two phases in order to gain a better understanding of the property. The undertaking of the second phase, consisting of diamond drilling the strongest high and low magnetic anomalies, need not be contingent on results obtained from the initial phase enhanced geochemical surveys because of the uncertainty concerning the thickness of the glacial overburden; rather, a comprehensive integration of the first phase geochemical results will allow for better planning of second phase exploration drilling.

While the strongest of the magnet~c high and low anomalies present on the GM East grid present drilling targets for g& and comer-gold-palladium mineralization respectively, the associated anomalous biogeo- and geo-chemistry requires confirmation and integration into more stringently controlled geochemical high-quality detailed drainage, and A- and B-horizon soil, sampling survey for comparison with the 'terrasol' method, combined with concentrated follow-up biogeochemical pine and fir bark samplmg and glacial till mvestigations in selected anomaly areas. Strong magnetic lows present on the last GM East grid Line-2200s require grid extension to the southeast. First phase work should also include detailed magnetometer and SP readings over selected magnetic anomalies. Results obtained from first phase geochemical sampling and detailed geophysical readings will help prioritize both positive and negative magnetlc anomdies for driIling. The writer concurs with the phase two drilling cost estimates by consulting geologist T.M. Williams in last year's A.R.#27268, but feels that in view of deeper copper mineralization presently being found in the Iron Mask batholith under the nearby Ajax pits by DRC Resources (website), the Phase Two drilling requirements should be increased from 2000m. to 25001x1. Total costs for the two-phase program are estimated to be in the order of $385,000.00.

COST ESTIMATE Phase One: Geochemical. drainage, soil, ti11 survey and bio-tree bark detailed sampling, $ 25,000.00 Analytical Costs, $25,000.00 Geophysical, grid extension, magnetometer and local SP readings, $15,000.00 Integrated Report, $ 5.000.00

Sum: $70,000.00 Contingencies @ 10% $ 7,000.00

Totai Phase One: $77,800.00 Phase Two: Diamond drilling, 2500 m. @ $100.00/m., all inclusive, $250,000.00 Analytical Costs, $ 20,000.00 Geological Compilation and Reporting, $ 10,000.00

Sum: $280,000.00 Contingencies @ 10% $ 28,000.00

Total Phase Two: $308,OU0.00

REFERENCES Bettenay, L., Stanley, C., 200 1: Geochemical Data Quality: The Fit-for-Purpose Approach InExplore,# l11,p. 12, 21-22. Bonham, H.F., Jr.., 1988: Models for Volcanic-Hosted Epithermal Precious Metal Deposits. In Bulk Mineable Precious Metal Deposits of the Western United States - Symposium Proceedings, the Geological Society of Nevada, edited by R.F. Schafer, J.J. Cooper and P.G. Vikre.

DiLabio, R.N.W.,1994: Residence sites of trace elements in oxidized till. In Drifi lhploration in Glaciated and Mountainous Terrain - a Cordilleran Roundup '94 Shor? Course, Jan 24, 1994.

Dunn, C.E., 1994: Biochemical prospecting in drift-covered terrain of British Columbia. In Driji Exploration in Glaciated and Mountainous Terrain - a Cordilleran Roundup '94 Short Course, Jan 24, 1994. Fox, P.E. and Cameron, R.S., 1995: Geology of the QR gold deposit, Quesnel River area, British Columbia In Porphyry Depositr of the Northwe~tern Cordillera ofNorth America, edited by T G . Schroeter. CIMMP, Special Volume 46. Futton, R.J., 1975: Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology, Nicola-Vernon Area, British Columbia, (82L W 112 and 921 E112). Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) Memoir 380.

Kerr, D.E., Sibbick, S.J., Belik, G.D., 1993: Preliminary results of glacial dispersion studies on the Galaxy property, Kamloops B.C. In Geological Fieldwork 1992, BCMEMPR, Paper 1993-1, pp 439-443.

Kromer, E., Friedrich, G., Wallner, P., 1981: Mercury and Mercury Compounds in Surface Air, Soil Gas, Soils and Rocks. In Journal of Geochemical Exploration (JGE), Vol. 15, p. 5 1-62.

Kwong, Y.T.J., 1987: Evolution of the lron Mask batholith and its associated copper mineralization B C Ministry ofEnergy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (BCMEMPR). Bufletin 77, 55p.

Lang, J.R. and Stanley, C.R., 1995: Contrasting styles of alkalic porphyry copper-gold deposits in the northern part of the lron Mask batholith, Kamloops, British Columbia. In Porphyry Deposits oj-the Northwestern Cordillera ofNorth America, edited by T G. Schroeter. CIMMP, Special Volume 46. Preto, V.A., 1972: Afton, Pothook, in Geology, Exploration and Mining in British Columbia, BCMEMPR , p. 209-220. Ross, K.V., Dawson, K.M., Goodwin, C.1. and Bond, L., 1993: Major lithologies and alteration of the Ajax East orebody, a sub-alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, south-central British Columbia. In Current Research, Part A; Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), Paper 93-IA, p. 87-95.

Ross, K.V., Goodwin, C.I., Bond, L., and Dawson, K.M., 1995: Geology, alteration and mineralization in the Ajax East and Ajax West copper-gold alkalic porphyry deposits, southern lron Mask batholith, Kamloops, British Columbia. In Porphyry Deposits of the Northwestern Cordillera of North America, edited hy TC;. Schroeter, CIMMP, Special Volume 46.

Snyder, L.D. and Russel, J.K., 1995: Petrogenetic relationships and assimilation processes in the alkalic lron Mask batholith, south-central British Columbia. In Porphyry Deposits of the Northwestern Cordillera ofNorth America, edited hy T G . Schroeter, CIMMP, Special Volume 46.

Stanley, C.R., 1994: Geology of the Pothook alkalic copper-gold porphyry deposit, Afton mining camp, British Columhia (921/9,10), MDRU Contribution #35. In Geological Fieldwork 1993, BCMEMPR, Paper 1994-1, pp 275-284. Wranant, P., Martin, H.,Herbillon, A.J., 1981 : Kinetics of the Selective Extraction of lron Oxides in Geochemical Samples - Association Between Fe and Cu in Acid Brown Soils. In Journal of Geochemical Exploration (JGE), Vol. 15, p. 63.5-644. Zastavnikovich, S., 1987: Geochemical Follow-up of RGS Data -Orientation Report on the Field-Sieved Stream Sediment Sampling Method, Blackwater Mountain Area, 93Gl2. In Geological Fieldwork 1986, BCMEMPR, Paper 1987-1, pp 405-409.

S. Zautavnikovich. P.Qeo., Consulting Geochemist

CER TIFKA TE

I, Sam Zastmikovich, do hereby certrfi that:

I . 1 am a consulting geochemist with ofices at 5063-56th Sheet, Delta, B. C., V4K 3C3, und am a 1969gruduute ($the University ufAl'bertu, with B. Ed degree in Physical Sciences.

2 I have been continuously employedfrom 1969 to 1982, and seasonally since 1966, by Falconbridge Lfd of Toronto and Vancouver us fieldgeochemist working in Canada. the U S.A.. the Caribbean andS. America

3 Since 1982 topresent I have continuouslypructiced as a consulting geochemist in the minerul exploration industry, having worked in Canada, the U S A, South America, and Chzna

4. I am a Fellow ofthe Assuciaticrn of Exploration Geochemists.

5 1 am a member in good standing ofthe Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists ofBritish Columbia, Canada.

6. I have no direct nor indirect interest in the subject properties or the client company

7 This report zs bused in part on my own fieldwork and observations on the property on Mayl6th and June1 Ith, 2004, and on analytical resul ts~om previous geochemical and biogeochetnical surveys conducted on the GM mineral property.

8. I have read National Instrument 43-1 01 and Form 43-1 01F and the foregoing technical report has been prepared in conformi9 with this imtrument and Form 43- IOlFI and generally accepted Canadian mining inrlustry practice.

Datedat Delta, British Columbia, this ?' day ofSeptember, 2004:

S. Zastavrrikovich, P. Geo. Consulting Geochemist


APPENDIX I

ReportNo.: 1-1253 File No.: 1 3040-02

INSPECTION REPORT

INSPECTION: REQUEST COMPLAINT GENERAL VERIFICATION

DETAILS: General mapping inspection of claims in the Iron Mask area South of Karnloops.

CLAIM NAMEPLACER NO.: See below TENURE NO.: See below

MINING DIVISION: Kam. MAP REFERENCE: 921 1068 TAG NO.: See Below

DATE INSPECTED: DATE OF REPORT: RECORDED OWNER: Y M D

[ 02 1 12 ( 04 1 Y M D

pqTqTi-1

am% INSPECTOR: DON J SMITH

Monarch - Charles Boitard GM 5-8, 12-14 - Iron Mask venturesEd.

/

--

COMMENTS:

VERIFICATION The following titles affected by the attached map verification, result from the following Legal Posts found:

GPS OBSERVATION NAD 83 UTM ZONE 10

Ministry of Energy Mineral Titles Branch Mailing Address: Location: and Mines . 250 - 455 Columbia Street 250 - 455 Columbia St.

Kamloops, B.C. V2C 6K4 Kamloops B.C. Ph. 250 828 4569

TlTLES NAMIXXNURE NO. PLACER LEASE NUMBER

Monarch 396557 GM 5 372580

I "

G M 6 372581 " "

G M 7 -2 "

G M 8 372533 " "

GM I 2 373340 GM 13 373341 GM 14 373342

LEGAL POSTS VERIFIED

POSTS TAG NO. LCP 235034 P 692234M FP 692234M IP 69223 5 M FP 692235M IP 692236M FP 692236M IP 692237M FP 692237M

AMENDMENT

INSP./CAME Insp. Insp. Insp. Insp. Insp. Insp. Insp. Insp. Insp.

NORTHING

560998 1 5610532 56 10053 56 10532 56 10053 56 10053 5609540 56 10053 5609540

IP 692275M IP 692276M IP 692277M

56 10557 56 10557

lnsp. Insp. Inso.

68000 1 68000 1

EASTING

677338 . 679307

679364 679307 679364 679364 679429 679364 679429

561'0557 1 68000 1

COMMENTS

SKETCH SHOWING DETAILS OF INSPECTION

APPENDIX I

NAME OF CLAIhI Monarch / GM TENURE NUhlBER Various

hlAP 921.068 \ 1

I; LEGEND

-+ -+ Ground traverse x Post not found

/ Scale 1 :20.000

Scale 1:32 000 . echelle 1132 ,000 - Melrct SO0 0 500 1WO 1500 10W 25W M W Mllnr - F . -

GOLD in

b Ponderosa Pine 1%

Bark 12

NICKEL

Ponderosa Pine Bark + v v

M

ICP-ES 2 u H

APPENDIX III

Colin E. Dunn, PhD, P.Geo Consultant Geologist~Geochemist

8756, Pender Park Drive, SIDNEY, BC, V8L 325, CANADA (Tel. 250-655 9498) (Fax. 250-655 9408)

e-mail [email protected]

Mr. Richard Lodmell PO Box 1192 Stn. Main KAMLOOPS BC V2C 6H3

20" August 2001

Dear Richard Re: New Bioaeochemical and soil data from GM Blocks. near Kamloo~s. BC

Further to your request for a letter of opinion with regard to the analysis of soil and Ponderosa pine bark samples that you collected recently, I have reviewed your spreadsheets and maps and I have the following to report on the data and the information that I have received. These comments and observations expand on the comments that I included in my letter to you dated May 2" 2001.

Note: With regard to the comments and interpretations in this report I have made the following assumptions, based upon the information supplied to me:

From the new spreadsheets provided, it appears that 2 bark sample sites were resampled (700S+380W, and 200S+320W-STATION). It is not known if the same tree was resampled, or a neighbouring tree. A third site is marked on the map at 800S+20E, which you confirmed is actually 'East', yet the spreadsheet lists this site as 'W'. The first set of samples showed a site plotted at 800S+20W (also on the first spreadsheet), and no sample at 20E. For the purposes of this discussion, it is assumed that the first sample was from 20W, and the new sample from 20E - i.e. 40m apart. There are some discrepancies with regard to data received on the Control Material V-7A from this small batch, and the previous set of analyses. I have prepared a spreadsheet of comparative values (attached). For the most part these differences are acceptable and do not have a significant affect on the conclusions and recommendations. I would, however, point out that the gold values for V7A are higher with the new batch than with the old. The expected value for this material is about 11 ppb Au, although it is not a very homogenous control. This would suggest that the gold values in the ash of the new samples may have a high bias, but not sufficiently distorted to be of concern.

1

APPENDIX 111

Unlike the previous set of data from this area, no values are given for the ash yield of the bark samples, thus precluding direct comparison of values. It is assumed that the 3 soil samples for which data are provided were all from the same soil horizon ('C'?) and that they were sieved to a uniform mesh size prior to analysis.

BARK SAMPLES In my previous 'letter of opinion' (May 2"d 2001) 1 indicated that, with regard to palladium and platinum:

"typical concentrations in spruce bark are 10-20 ppb Pd and 5-10 ppb Pt. Because of the lower ash yield of Ponderosa pine bark, backgroundlevels may, therefore, be expected at up to 30 ppb Pd and 10-15 ppb Pt. Analytical data in the survey area yield a maximum of 35 ppb Pt (station #9) and 176 ppb Pd (station #6). The latter is again of concern in that it is the small sample (0.193 g) that also yielded high values of many elements. Furthermore, the possibility of analytical interference for Pd cannot be ruled out, especially because this sample yielded the highest concentration of Zr in any sample of the survey and Zr can severely interfere with the analysis for Pd ".

I went on to recommend that:

"existing anomalies be followed up by first obtaining additional barksamples, taking care to be consistent in sampling and avoiding dusty samples (especially stations close to roads). To further check on the validity of the Pd, Pt and Au values, a fire assay analysis of a few samples would be worthwhile. For this, considerably larger samples are required (at least 300-500 g of bark)."

In addition to the 3 bark samples from similar locations as before (see 'note', above), another 2 samples were from sites distant from any sampled previously (900S+480E and Inks Lake). Data from ActLabs indicate that all five of the samples were small, such that the detection levels for analysis by Fire AssayllCP-MS were very high. especially for gold (Report 22124rpt). As noted above, large samples of bark (300-5009) are required to obtain reliable fire assay determinations to low ppb concentrations. However, data indicate that in 2 of the 5 samples (sites 200S+320W and 900S+480E) there were detectable levels of Pd (1 1 and 18 ppb) and Pt (1 1 and 7 ppb). Gold (79ppb Au) was also detectable at site 900S+480E. These Pd and Pt values are comparable to those found in bark of other conifer species from other areas of southern British Columbia where there is known Pt and Pd mineralization. It is noteworthy; too, that the highest Pd value obtained from the ICP-MS analysis on an aqua regia digestion of ash was also from this site 900S+480E (32 ppb Pd, Report 22124brp).

Analysis of these newly acquired samples has provided data with lower

concentrations of Pd and Pt than those generated from the analysis of the first set of samples. Since the quality control samples inserted by ActLabs returned similar and acceptable values in both data sets, it can only be assumed that the discrepancy is due to the classic 'nugget effect' typical of precious metals in most geochemical sample media. This serves to indicate that such multi-element ICP-MS data should be considered 'reconnaissance level data' for guidance into areas of multi-station anomalies, which then need to be followed up with more precise analytical methods (e.g. fire assay) to confirm the validity of the data.

The high levels of several elements at site 700S+380W suggest that the ash yield may have been low for this sample, and reduction to ash resulted in a high concentration of elements. All that can be said with regard to this sample and comparisons of sites 800S+20E and W is that for most elements the levels of concentration are similar to the earlier data set. There are some significant differences at 200S+320W. Data from the single bark sample collected near Inks Lake do not indicate the presence of significant metal enrichment in the substrate.

The following observations are the same, or modifications of, comments provided in my previous report:

Copper: For pine bark in general, samples yielded unusually high concentrations of copper. However, in the A~onlKamloops area concentrations in excess of 500 ppm Cu are typical, because of the many copper occurrences in the area.

Nickel: Several samples have yielded close to 100 ppm Ni, suggesting a relatively mafic substrate.

Zinc: Concentrations are typical of the elevated levels found in pine bark. There are no indications of abnormal enrichment.

Molybdenum and Rhenium: All sites yielded more than the common background levels for Mo of about 2 ppm Mo in pine bark ash. This reflects the CuIMo association that is typical of Cu porphyries. Earlier studies have found that the background levels for pine bark in this general area are about 14 ppm Mo. An additional association is that of rhenium (Re) which has a close geochemical association with Mo in nature. Consequently, although the Re levels are unusually high, they are considered to be related to the high background levels of Mo found in the area.

Arsenic and Selenium: These data should be disregarded. The values quoted are artefacts of analytical interferences from the acids used to digest the samples.

Gold: The gold concentration of 276 ppb at site 900S+480E is unusually high for Ponderosa pine bark. As with several other elements, the background levels of Au in pine bark are exceptionally high throughout the Aflon area, with 65 ppb Au as a median defined

APPENDIX I11

in studies of the area (Rainbow Hill region) to the north of the current survey area. All sites except that at lnks Lake yielded higher than normal background levels of gold in pine bark ash.

SOILS The data provided include Fire AssayllCP-ES analyses of three samples (and one duplicate) for Au, Pt and Pd. The duplicate indicates very good precision. In addition there are spreadsheets of multi-element data that appear to be values obtained by ICP-ES and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Other than slightly elevated concentrations of Fe, Cu and Ni, the ICP-ES data are not noteworthy. The INAA data indicate modest enrichment (compared to soil values in general) in As, Cr and Au. The Fire Assay data confirm the Au values, and indicate minor enrichment of Pt (to 8 ppb) and Pd (to 15 ppb). These Pt and Pd values are above normal background levels for soils and are similar to values obtained in the vicinity of known PGE mineralization in southern British Columbia.

Conclusions and Recommendations The new analytical data from pine bark ash confirm previous findings that in the survey area there are modest enrichments of Cu, Mo, Re, Au and Pd, and to a lesser extent there are enrichments of Ni, Cr, V, Pb and Pt. Values are, however, generally lower than those obtained from the first data set, explained at least in part by the nugget effect of precious metals. Samples are from a mature major mining 'camp', such that elevated levels of metals can be expected from the many years of mining activities throughout the area.

Palladium and Pt values in bark ash are comparable to those found in bark of other conifer species from elsewhere in southern British Columbia where there is known Pt and Pd mineralization. It is noteworthy that the highest Pd values obtained by FNICP-ES (18 ppb Pd) and from the ICP-MS analysis on an aqua regia digestion of ash (32 ppb Pd, Report 22124brp) were both from site 900S+480E where the only outcrop (tuff) in the survey area is reported to occur.

The single bark sample taken near lnks Lake did not yield levels of metals that might indicate mineralization.

The Pt and Pd values in the 3 soils are above normal background levels (notably at 200S+320W) and are similar to values obtained in the vicinity of known PGE mineralization elsewhere in southern British Columbia.

In light of the considerable differences in Pd values obtained during the first survey compared to those from the few 'follow up' samples it is suggested that any future bark samples submitted for multi-element analysis by ICP-MS be supplemented by Fire Assay

APPENDIX 111

analysis of bark samples (each weighing 300-5009) from selected sites (e.g. 1 in 5). Prior to submitting samples for analysis, control samples should be inserted 'blind' along with field samples (1 in 10). The GM Claims are in the general vicinity of a mature mining camp, and so the possibility of the effects of old mining operations on the chemistry of surface materials should always be considered. Given this situation and the fact that the target elements are precious metals, the analysis of carefully collected soils from a specific soil horizon is warranted (B or C horizon, whichever is the more consistent and practical). Soils should be sieved to a constant mesh size (-80mesh is adequate) and analysed by FAJICP-ES or by FAIICP-MS to obtain more accurate data to lower levels of detection.

I trust that you will find these comments of use in the evaluation of your property.

Yours sincerely

- L - L - L

Richard Lo iI - GM Blocks Biogeochemical data

Element concentrations by ICP-MS (aqua regia) in Ponderosa Pine outer bark ash

APPENDIX I11

Comparisons-new ant ' data& Bark ash b.,d controls

iCP-MS analysis of Ponderosa Pine Bark ash Comparisons of new data (bold italics) with data received in April

Richard Lodmell - GM Blocks Biogeochernical data


APPENDIX I11

Comparisons-new and old data.& Bark ash and controls

ICP-MS analysis of Ponderosa Pine Bark ash Comparisons of new data (bold italios) with data received in April

I.,,,,,rd LL - . . J - G... ,.~cks Bioge~ mical data


m p i 1s-n~ :d o l ~ .XIS Bark ash 1 controls

APPENDIX 111

ICP-MS analysis of Ponderosa Pine Bark ash Comparisons of new data (bold italics) with data received in April

4

APPENDIX IV

Colin E. Dunn, PhD, P.Geo Consultant Geologist/Geochemist

8756, fender Park Drive, SIDNEY, BC, V8L 325, CANADA (Tel. 250-655 9498) (Fax. 250-655 9408)

e-mail [email protected]

Mr. Richard Lodmell Gold Mask Ventures Ltd PO Box 1192 Stn. Main KAMLOOPS BC V2C 6H3

29Ih September 2001

Dear Richard Re: Field visit to review GM Claim Blocks, near Kamloops, BC

This letter outlines my observations and opinions drawn during my visit to your GM claim blocks on Friday 28th September 2001. The opportunity to drive and walk around much of your property has served to provide the basis for the following comments and recommendations. Of particular value were observations of the many soil pits dug during the day at scattered and representative locations over your property. These build upon my review of some preliminary geochemical data (pine bark and soils) that you sent me earlier this year. Also taken into consideration are the results of my field experience in the general vicinity of your claim blocks.

General Observations The day commenced with a short meeting with John Ball (geologist with DRC Resources Corp.) and a quick examination of recent core from drill holes beneath the Afton pit. I was shown some impressive sections of mineralization, alongside which were noted the grades of Cu, Pd, Pt and Au. Clearly there is considerable potential for Pd mineralization within the area in general, although whether or not commercially viable concentrations are present remains to be seen. This is, of course, the reason for the exploration program that is in progress. Of note is the fact that the Pd mineralization is considered to be associated with mafic rocks, and the GM claim blocks incorporate land that previous workers have interpreted to be underlain by mafic volcanics.

The GM c l a h blocks comprise an area of rolling hills with a vegetation cover 2ominated by Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir. Of importance for the proposed soil survey is that there is a general consistency to the colour, texture and depth of soil profiles. In

APPENDIX IV

some areas, notably draws, the soils are a little more enriched in clays, and when collecting soils this relative clay content should be noted. There are several open seas , devoid of trees and shrubs that are present as topographic depressions. One of these was examined, and a soil pit was dug. At a depth of about 1 m the soil was still very.ric'h in organic material. Suchareas would need to be augured, or sampled only on their margir*. in order to obtain soils of a similar nature to the rest of the claim blocks.

The GM claim blocks ace covered almost entirely with a blanket of glacial till. The only outcrop examined was that which has been described as a tuff near the northern limit of the GM claims. Geological work by others suggests that the tills are probably underlain mostly by mafic volcanic rocks of the ~ i c o l a Group. Geophysical work that you have carried out indicates several magnetic anomalies of interest, but their significance needs to be established. This can only be effectively carried out by diamond drilling, overburden drilling, trenching, or geochemical surveys. The drilling and trenching will be expensive, and should therefore only be undertaken following closer refinement of the anomalous levels of Pd, Pt and Au that have been established from your orientation surveys. In order to refine these targets an appropriate geochemical exploration survey should be undertaken.

Geochemical Surveys Only one rock outcrop is known, therefore pre-empting the possibility of conducting a lithogeochemical survey. The overburden cover is largely glacial till, which is material that has been transported from some considerable distance and is, therefore, exotic. A till geochemical survey may contribute useful knowledge on the vectors of transport and may help in locating the sources of precious metal-rich material. However, this is a fairly expensive type of survey that is unlikely to provide significant new exploration targets within the claim blocks. Conventional soil surveys (e.g. ICP-ES analysis of an aqua regia digestion of a -80 mesh soil sample) will only provide data on the soil profile developed on top of the till cover. Thus, it will be mostly a reflection of the chemistry of the exotic till material and will probably not add significant information to assist in locating concealed precious metals on the property Studies have shown that there are high concentrations of various metals (notably Cu, Au, Pd) in pine bark from the survey area. Work carried out by the GSC several years ago established the Cu and Au enrichments, and the orientation surveys that you have undertaken have confirmed these high values and shown, for the first time, that Pd enrichment is present. Because the tree roots penetrate the soils to a considerable depth, and integrate the geochemical signature of the loosely bound components of these soils, a systematic survey of the area using pine bark could provide new information of value to your exploration program. Since the roots attack the loosely bound metals, they do, in effect, perform a selective leach of the soils. However, the area of the claim blocks has been

2

t APPENDIX IV

affected by the extensive mining activities of the past century, and it appears likely that some of the metal enrichments are attributable to airborne contamination - either direct precipitation of metal-bearing dust onto the bark, or precipitation on to the ground with subsequent dissolution and uptake by the tree roots. Furthermore, examination of the property shows that there is probably inadequate coverage of pine to conduct a comprehensive biogeochemical survey. An alternative would be to use the bark of Douglas fir, which is more evenly distributed over the claim blocks. Another approach would be to collect soils for a selective leach of metals. Most of these leach methods operate on the principle that metals move upward from concealed zones of mineralization (by diffusion, capillary action, galvanic cells, or seismic pumping) and are captured on the charged surfaces of amorphous oxide coatings of soil grains - primarily Mn and Fe oxides. There are many commercially available selective leach methods - e.g. enzyme leach, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, MMI (mobile metal ions). A relatively new method is the PGE- Terrasol leach offered by Activation Laboratories Ltd. of Ancaster, Ontario. The Terrasol is a somewhat more rigorous acid attack than most other leaches, and has the particular advantage for this property in that it provides near-total concentrations of all of the precious metals. In addition, the ICP-MS analysis of the solutions provides data for more than 50 additional elements, some of which may be useful 'pathfinder' elements for locating mineralization. This technique has not been extensively tested, but it has been proven to be of use for defining PGE mineralization at the West Rambler deposit in Wyoming. Dr. Eric Hoffman, president of Activation Laboratories, has indicated to me that he would be prepared to analyse up to 200 soils for you at the substantial discount of 40% below their list price of $33/sample. In return, he would need to receive from you a letter confirming that you would release to him all available geological information as

. soon as it becomes available, and he would also require your permission to publicise the results of any positive outcome of this survey - i.e. a case history study that would be both of benefit to ActLabs and to you in that it would help advertise your property (and company) as well as their new technique. Should you wish to proceed with this arrangement, I would ask that you contact Dr. Eric Hoffman directly to make the appropriate arrangements.

Recommendations As a preliminary test, soil samples should be collected from the B-horizon (generally at a depth of 10-15 cm, as demonstrated in the field) at intervals of 100m along line spaced 100 m apart, throughout the extent of your established grid of approximately 1000 m by 1500 m. At approximately every 201h site (or less) a duplicate sample should be collected from a second soil pit dug about 1 mfrom the first. Samples should be placed in standard 'kraft' soil bags, half to % filling the bag. Samples should be clearly labelled and no sample preparation should be undertaken before sending them to Activation Laboratories Ltd for analysis by their PGE-Terrasol technique. Activation Laboratories Ltd. has the highest available accreditation of any laboratory in the country (IS0 17025) and is one of

APPENDIX IV

the world's leading analytical facilities - especially for exploration geochemistry. It is strongly recommended that prior to submitting samples for analysis some control ('standard') samples should be inserted - at least one sample in each batch of 20. If possible, I would recommend preparing a bulk field sample (e.g. from one of your sites at which you have found elevated levels of Pt and Pd in the soil). This will give you control on both the precision and accuracy of your data. Ideally, several kilograms of material should be collected, sieved to -80 mesh and thoroughly homogenized. If you do not have the equipment suitable to do this, it would be worth contacting either ActLabs or Acme Labs in Vancouver to ask them to prepare this control material for you. The key here is that you have already identified a site that has elevated levels of precious metals. I suggest that, in addition, you include a few splits of the soil control samples that I have. This we can discuss when the samples have been collected. In total, therefore, the field samples and the controls will be approximately 200 samples.

It must be appreciated that, although the Terrasol technique provides near total concentrations of the precious metals, it is a selective extraction, and therefore the results will not indicate the total content of metals in your samples. The extraction attacks the amorphous manganese and iron coatings to soil particles, and attacks also some of the crystalline phases of Mn and Fe. Metals released from concealed zones of mineralization are considered to move upward (through either diffusion, capillary action, electrochemical cells or seismic pumping) and become trapped on the 'chemical sponge' of the oxide coatings of the soils. The technique is one of pattern recognition which takes a trained eye to interpret the patterns. Since ActLabs would be actively involved in this project, I expect that they wouldl be willing to advise on interpreting the element distribution patterns. Once data have been received they should be carefully evaluated for precision and accuracy (by examining the analyses of the duplicates and control samples), then plotted as maps. Subsequently, any trends or anomalies that appear to be of significance should be more closely examined. The action at that time will depend on the nature and extent of any anomalies.

I trust that you will find these recommendations to be of use

Yours sincerelv

Colin E. Dunn, PhD, P.Geo Consultant Geochemist Sidney, BC

2gth September 2001

GPLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX V GM CLAIMS -WEST GRID

G-OLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX V GM CLAIMS - WEST GRID

S. ZASTAVNIKOVICH, P.GE0. (MAGNETQMETER SURVEY DATA FRQM FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.) JUNE 23,2004

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX V TOTAL MAG - EAST GRID

S.ZASTAVNIKOVICH, P.GE0. (MAGNETOMETER SURVEY DATA FROM FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.) JUNE 23,2004

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX V TOTAL MAG - EAST GRID .

S.ZASTAVNIKOVICH, P.GEO. (MAGNETOMETER SURVEY DATA FROM FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.) JUNE 23,2004

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX V TOTAL MAG - EAST GRID

S.ZASTAVNIKOVICH, P.GE0. (MAGNETOMETER SURVEY DATA FROM FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.) JUNE 23,2604 -

Analytical Procedure

MULTI ELEMENT ICP ANAL YSIS

Samples are catalogued and dried. 5 gram of Bark sample are weight in a porcelain crucible and ashed.

The entire ashed sample is digested with 3ml of a 3:1:2 (HCI: HN03:H20), which contains beryllium, which acts as an internal standard for 90 minutes in a water bath at 95°C. The sample is then diluted to lOml with water. The sample is analysed on a Jarrell Ash ICP unit.

Results are collated by computer and are printed along with accompanying quality control data (repeats and standards).

ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. 10041 Dallas Drive KAMLOOPS, B.C. V2C 6T4

Phone: 250-573-5700 Fax : 250-573-4557

Values in ppm unless otherwise reported

ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264

APPENDIX VI -

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. Box 1192 Kamloops. BC V2C 6H3

ATTENTION: Richard Lodmill

No. of samples received: 343 Sample type: Fir Bark

Page 1

Et U. Tag # Ag A1 % As Ba BI Ca % Cd Co Cr Cu Fe % La Mg % Mn Mo Na % Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr Ti % U V W Y Zn 1 OOS+20W C0.2 0.16 C5 60 C5 1.12 4 2 9 91 0.23 4 0 0.26 184 < I 0.02 9 360 6 c5 <20 48 c0.01 c10 9 c10 2 34

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. Al'I'ENL)IX VI ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. page 2

51 300S+100E No sample 52 300S+140E No sample 53 300S+180E c0.2 0.07 <5 95 <5 0.63 <I <I 2 47 0.10 0.10 117 <I <0,01 3 280 <2 <5 <20 27<0,01 17 51 300S+220E q0.2 0.07 <5 40 c5 0.41 < I <I 1 47 0.10 < lo 0.09 81 <I 0.02 2 250 2 <5 <20 21 <0,01 16 55 300S+260E c0.2 0.04 <5 45 <5 0.67 <1 <1 < I 29 0.05 < lo 0.06 107 <1 0.01 <I 230 <2 <5 c20 28 <0,01 2 < lo <1 21

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. AN'ENI)lX VI ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. Page

<0.2 0.01 ~ 0 . 2 0.03 c0.2 0.02 <0.2 0.03

c0.2 0.01 <0.2 0.01 <0.2 0.02 <0.2 0.04 <0.2 0.02

0.3 0.07 c0.2 0.01 c0.2 0.02 c0.2 0.03 ~ 0 . 2 0.05

c0.2 0.04 <0.2 0.03 <0.2 0.03 <0.2 0.02 <0.2 0.04

<0.2 0.03 <0.2 0.02 q0.2 0.03 c0.2 0.02 0.2 0.03

0.3 0.01 0.2 0.05

lo sample ~ 0 . 2 0.03 <0.2 0.04

c0.2 0.06 <0.2 0.09 <0.2 0.05 <0.2 0.02 <0.2 0.01

<0.2 0.02 <0.2 0.01 <0.2 0.01 <0.2 0.01 c0.2 0.01

1 GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX V l ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. Page 4

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. page

Et #. Tag # Ag Al % As Ba Bi Ca % Cd Co Cr Cu Fe % La Mg % Mn Mo Na % Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr Ti % U V W y Zn 151 700S+220W c0.2 0.01 C5 60 c5 0.51 c l c1 4 8 0.02 <I0 0.02 108 c1 c0.01 2 140 c2 c5 c20 19 ~ 0 . 0 1 c10 c l c10 <I 31

c1 130 c2 c5 c20 8 <0.01 c10 c1 <I0 c1 13 700S+260W 700S+300W 700S+340W 700S+380W

700S+420W 700S+460W 700S+500W 800S+20W 800S+60W

800S+1 OOW 800S+140W 800S+180W 800S+220W 800S+260W

800S+300W 800S+340W 800S+380W 800S+420W 800S+460W

800S+500W 800S+20E 800S+60E 800S+100E 800S+140E

800S+180E 800S+340E 800S+380E 800S+420E 800S+460E

800S+500E 900S+60W 900S+lOOW 900S+140W 900S+180W

900S+220W 900S+260W 900S+300W 900S+340W 900S+380W

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX VI ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. Page

Et #. Tag # Ag A1 % As Ba BI Ca% Cd Co Cr Cu Fe % La Mg % Mn Mo Na % Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr Ti % u v w y zn 191 900S+420W 0.2 0.01 c5 30 c5 0.36 cl c1 c1 7 0.02 4 0 0.02 66 <I c0.01 1 150 c2 c5 c20 10 c0.01 c10 cl c10 cl 15

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. API'ENT)IX V l ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. Page 7

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. A1'I'LNL)lX V I ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. page 6

Et t. Tag # Ag Al K As Ba Bi Ca % Cd Co Cr Cu Fe % La Mg % Mn Mo Na % Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr Ti % U V w Y Zn 271 1200S+340W 0.2 c0.01 c5 35 c5 0.45 c1 c1 c1 4 ~ 0 . 0 1 < l o 0.02 gg ~ 0 . 0 1 1 130 c2 c5 c20 11 c0.01 c10 c1 c10 c1 25

301 1300S+500E No sample 302 1400S+20E c0.2 0.02 c5 45 <5 0.37 c1 < I c1 g 0.03 < lo 0.02 75 cO,O1 303 1400S+60E c0.2 0.02 c5 50 <5 0.42 c1 < I 1 12 0.04 < lo 0.03 54 <I cO.oq 304 1400S+100E 4 . 2 0.01 c5 45 c5 0.33 c l < I <I 7 0.02 < l o 0.02 51 <I <001 305 1400S+140E 4 . 2 0.02 c5 65 c5 0.52 c1 c1 1 11 0.03 < l o 0.03 112 <I <0,01

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. N 1 ' 1 ~ b I Y UlA V 1 ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. page g

1400S+500E No sample 1400S+20W <0.2 0.01 1400S+60W <0.2 0.01

140OS+lOOW <0.2 0.03 1400S+140W <0.2 0.01 1400S+180W c0.2 0.03 1400S+220W ~ 0 . 2 0.1 1 1400S+260W <0.2 0.03

1400S+300W <0.2 0.03 1400S+340W <0.2 0.01 1400S+380W <0.2 <0.01 1400S+420W ~ 0 . 2 ~ 0 . 0 1 1400S+460W <0.2 cO.01

1400S+500W <0.2 ~ 0 . 0 1 1500S+20W <0.2 0.01 15OOS+6OW <0.2 <0.01 1500S+lOOW <0.2 cO.01 1500S+140W 4 2 <0.01

150OS+18OW c0.2 ~ 0 . 0 1 15OOS+22OW c0.2 cO.01 1500S+26OW c0.2 0.01 1500S+300W <0.2 <0.01 1500S+340W ~ 0 . 2 <0.01

15OOS+38OW ~ 0 . 2 <0.01 15OOS+42OW c0.2 0.01 15OOS+46OW <0.2 <0.01 15OOS+5OOW <0.2 0.01 1500S+20E <0.2 c0.01

1500S+60W ~ 0 . 2 <0.01 15OOS+1OOW ~ 0 . 2 <0.01 1500S+140E c0.2 c0.01 1500S+180E <0.2 <0.01 1500S+220E ~ 0 . 2 0.02

1500S+260E c0.2 0.01 15OOS+3OOE <0.2 0.03 1500S+340E <0.2 0.03 1500S+380E <0.2 0.03 1500S+420E c0.2 0.06

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. H1'I'~IY U l h V 1 ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-264 ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. Page 10

Et #. Tag # Ag A l% As Ba B I C a % Cd Co Cr Cu Fe% L a M g % Mn M o N a % Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr T i% U V W Y Zn

Standard: GE0'04 1.5 0.18 5 15 <5 0.18 < I 2 GE0'04 1.5 0.18 5 15 <5 0.18 < I 2 GE0'04 1.5 0.17 5 15 <5 0.18 < I 2 GE0'04 1.5 0.18 5 15 <5 0.19 < I 2 GE0'04 1.5 0.17 5 15 c5 0.18 c1 2

APPENDIX VII

Invoice No.: A04-1300 Work Order: ~04-1300 Invoice Date: 10-JUN-04 Date Submitted: 18-MAY-04 Your Reference: 23610 Account Number: 2792

GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. BOX 1192 KAMLOOPS, BC V2C 6H3 ATTN: RICHARD LODMELL

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

374 PULPS were submitted for analysis.

The following analytical packages were requested. Please see our current fee schedule for elements and detection limits.

REPORT A04-1300 TERRASOL MAJORS-ICP

This report may be reproduced without our consent. If only selected portions of the report are reproduced, permission must be obtained. If no instructions were given at time of sample submittal regarding excess material, it will be discarded within 90 days of this report. Our liability is limited solely to the analytical cost of these analyses. Test results are representative only of material submitted for analysis.

CERTIFIED BY :

ACTIVATION LABORATORIES LTD.

1336 Sandhill Drive, Ancaster, Ontario Canada L9G 4V5 rurpmoNr +1.905.648.9611 or +1.888.228.5227 FAX +1.905.648.961

r-MAK ancaste~actlabs.com A n l a a s GROUP W E B S ~ http://www.actlabs.com

SAMPLE

00s-20W 00s-60W 00s-22ow 00s-260W 00s-3OOW 100s-60E 100s-100E 100s-140E BLIOOS 100s-2ow 100s-60W 100s-IOOW 100s-140W 100s-180W 100s-220W 100s-260W 100s-30OW 100s-34OW 100s-38OW 200s-20E 200s-100E 200s-140E 200s-180E 200s-220E 200s-260E 200s-300E 200s-340E 200s-380E 200S-420E 200S-460E 200s-500E BLZOOS 200s-2ow 200s-6ow 200s-1 OOW 200s-140W 200s-180W 200s-220W 200s-260W 200s-3OOW ZOOS-340W 200s-38OW 200S420W 300s-20E 300s-60E

APPENDIX VI1 Activation Laboratories Ltd. Work Order No. A04-1300Report No. A04-1300

NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS 381 2450 45 548 615 0.4 -10 310 1900 10 512 495 0.4 20 809 2860 70 706 645 0.7 30 323 2510 10 564 375 0.1 20 359 2510 25 812 345 0.2 20

Mn PPm

416 414 429 496 358 138 276 416 343 406 488 496 475 304 8 1

52 1 379 302 367 522 197 369 478 399 24 1 313 366 336 427 555 440 373 444 443 542 601 646 353 463

NIS 347 550 51 0 355 370

Si Al PPm PPm

0.5 153 231 148 248 192 454 171 344 186 326 100 100 153 297 155 235 130 513 158 207 180 261 153 263 148 272 222 434 133 297 203 360 147 292 113 278 178 306 152 288 132 90 206 322 128 241 165 257 169 276 127 254 148 226 166 306 167 269 167 276 163 256 128 574 147 286 143 245 134 258 164 320 159 290 181 735 215 525.0

NIS 21 329

140 236 255 605 143 268 187 317

SAMPLE

300s-180E 300s-220E 300s-260E 300s-300E 300s-340E 300s-380E 300S420E 300S460E 300s-500E BL300S 300s-20W 300s-60W 300s-1 OOW 300s-14OW 300s-180W 300s-220W 300s-260W 300s-300W 300s-340W 300s-380W 300S420W 300S460W 400s-20E 400s-60E 400s-100E 400s-220E 400s-260E 400s-300E 400s-340E 400s-38OE 400S420E 400S460E 400s-500E BL40OS 400s-20W 400S-60w 400s-1 OOW 400s-140W 400s-1 BOW 400s-220W 400s-260W 400s-30OW 400s-340W 400s-380W 400S420W 400S460W 400s-5OOW 500s-20E

N Z NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS 520 3180 10 722 240 0.4 20 438 2420 10 648 465 0.2 20 867 3700 35 818 525 0.5 40 300 11800 15 858 405 0.1 70 311 1800 20 720 405 0.4 20 326 2430 10 758 285 0.3 20 454 2760 15 862 465 0.5 30 353 2470 10 814 450 0.1 20 614 3180 10 572 630 0.8 20 386 2790 -5 652 405 0.5 30 445 2800 -5 688 315 0.5 30 370 2480 10 702 375 0.7 20 451 2850 10 804 555 0.6 20 650 3720 -5 694 525 1.1 30 316 2300 10 746 420 0.4 20 555 2900 15 720 465 0.4 30 335 2240 20 762 210 0.2 20 579 3700 25 1010 300 0.4 30 641 2670 15 828 360 0.7 30 515 3720 10 832 450 0.5 30 449 3200 10 744 465 0.4 30 499 3040 -5 798 405 0.7 20 405 2250 10 660 465 0.5 20 542 2780 10 734 375 0.3 30

NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS 531 3000 15 604 480 0.7 30 454 1970 10 702 600 0.5 20 508 2590 85 646 720 0.5 30 181 17200 30 846 300 -0.1 80 656 4920 25 968 360 1.1 20 426 2970 25 892 465 0.6 -10 260 2050 25 644 330 0.6 -10 285 2630 20 690 405 0.3 -10 315 2250 20 860 375 0.6 -10

NIS 352 455 303 414 447 37 1 442 375 425 347 569 451 496 486 367 377 354 523 428 436 477 442 362 41 0

NIS 467 439 496 293 31 8 249 354 382 388

NIS 145 281 157 310 147 552 192 275 143 254 157 261 174 358 203 289 183 372 144 244 181 274 170 275 200 326 169 409 170 279 138 399 140 245 190 366 160 419 164 334 217 371 202 314 169 287 166 334

NIS 146 302 152 314 166 332 14 202 18 420 14 303 13 214 16 253 13 247

Negative values indicate less than the detection limit C. Douglas Read, B. Sc. Laboratory Manager, Activation Laboratories Ltd. page of 8

Page 2 of 8 61912004

SAMPLE

500s-300E 500s-340E 500s-380E 500S420E 500s-460E 500s-500E BLSOOS 500s-20W 500s-60W 500s-10OW 500s-140W 500s-180W 500s-220W 500s-260W 500s-3OOW 500s-MOW 500s-38OW 500S420W 500S460W 600s-20E 6OOSbOE 600s-100E 600s-140E 600s-180E 600s-260E 600s-300E 600s-340E 600s-380E 600S-420E 600S-460E 600s-500E BL6OOS 600s-20W 600S-60W 600s-1 OOW 600s-140W 600s-18OW 600s-220W 600s-260W 600s-3OOW 600s-MOW 600s-380W 600S-420W 600S-460W 700s-20E 700s-60E 700s-100E 700s-140E 700s-180E 700s-300E 700s-340E 700s-380E

APPENDIX V11

Negative values indicate less than the detection limit

Activation Laboratories Ltd. Work Order No. A04-1300Report No. A04-1300

SAMPLE

700S420E 700S460E 700s-500E BL7OOS 700s-20W 700s-60W 700s-1 OOW 700s-140W 700s-180W 700s-220W 700s-260W 700s-3OOW 700s-34OW 700s-38OW 700S420W 700S460W 700s-500W 8008-202 800s-60E 800s-100E 800s-140E 800s-180E 800s-220E 800s-300E 800s-340E 800s-380E 800S420E 800S460E 800s-500E BL8OOS 800s-20W 800S-60W 800s-1 OOW 800s-140W 800s-180W 800s-220W 800s-260W 800s-3OOW 800s-34OW 800s-38OW 800S-420W 800S460W 800s-5OOW 900s-20E 900s-60E 900s-100E 900s-140E 900s-180E 900s-220E 900s-260E 900s-30OE 900s-34OE

Page 3 of 8 6/9/2004

SAMPLE

900s-380E 900S-420E 900S-460E 900s-500E BL900S 900s-20W 900s-60W 900s-1 OOW 900s-140W 900s-18OW 900s-220W 900s-260W 900s-30ow 900s-340W 900s-380W 900s-42OW 900S460W 900s-500W 1O00S-20E 1000S-60E 1000S-100E 1000S-140E 1000S-180E 1000S-220E 1000S-260E 1000s-300E 1000S-340E 1000S420E 1000S460E 1000S-500E BL l 000s 1000s-2ow 1 OOOS-60W 1000s-1 OOW 1000S-140W 1000s-180W 1000s-220W 1000s-260W 1000s-300W 1000s-MOW 1000s-380W 1000s-420W 1000s-460W 1000s-50OW 11 00s-20E 1 100s-60E 1100S-100E 1100S-140E 1100S-180E 1100S-220E 11 00s-260E 11 00s-300E

APPENDIX V1I

Negative values indicate less than the detection limit

Act iva t ion Laborator ies Ltd. Work Order No. A04-1300Report No. A04-1300

Page 5 of 8 6/9/2004

SAMPLE

11 00s-340E 11 00s-380E 1 100S460E 1 100s-500E BLl 100s 1 100s-2ow 11 00s-60W 11 00s-1oow 1 100s-140W 11 00s-18OW 1 100s-220W 1 100s-260W 11 00s-300W 11 00s-340W 1 100s-380W 1 1 OOS420W 1 1 OOS460W 1 100s-50OW 1200s-20E 1200S-60E 1200s-100E 1200s-140E 1200s-180E 1200s-220E 1200s-260E 1200s-300E 1200s-340E 1200s-380E 1200S420E BL1200S 1200s-2ow 1200S-60W 1200s-1 OOW 1200s-140W 1200s-l8OW 1200s-22ow 1200s-260W 1200s-300W 1200s-340W 1200s-380W 1200S420W 1200S460W 1200s-5OOW 1300s-20E 1300s-60E 1300s-100E 1300s-140E 1300s-180E 1300s-220E 1300s-260E 1300s-300E 1300s-340E

Page 6 of 8 6/9/2004

SAMPLE

1300s-380E 1300S420E 1300S460E BL13OOS 1300s-20W 1300s-60W 1300s-1 OOW 1 300s-14OW 1300s-18OW 1300s-220W 1300s-260W 1300s-3OOW 1300s-340W 1300s-380W 1300s-42OW 1 300s-460W 1300s-5OOW 1400s-20E 1400s-60E 1400s-100E 1400s-140E 1400s-180E 1400s-220E 1400s-260E 1400s-300E 1400s-340E 1400s-380E 1400S420E 1400S460E BL-1400s 1400s-20W 1400S-60W 1400s-1 OOW 1400s-140W 1400s-180W 1400s-220W 1400s-260W 1400s-300W 1400s-340W 1400s-380W 1400S420W 1400S460W 1400s-500W 1500s-20E 1500S-60E 1500s-100E l5OOS-14OE 1 500s-180E 1500s-220E 1500s-260E 1500s-300E 1500s-340E

APPENDIX VII Activation Laboratories Ltd. Work Order No. A04-1300Report No. A04-1300

SAMPLE

1500s-380E 1500S420E 1500S460E BL15OOS 1500s-20W 1500s-60W 1 500s-1 OOW 1500s-140W 1500s-18OW 1500s-220W 1500s-260W 1500s-3OOW 1500s-34OW 1500s-380W 300s-100E 500s-140E 1200s-500E

BLl OOS lR 100s-380W IR 200S420E IR 300s-140W IR 400S-60E IR BL400S IR 500s-340E IR 500s-180W IR 600s-100E IR 600s-380W IR 700s-380E IR 700s-220W IR 800s-380W IR 900s-260E IR 900s-100W IR 1000S-260W IR 1 100s-140E IR 1 100s-20W IR 1200s-300E IR 1200s-220W IR 1300s-100E IR 1400s-100W IR 1400s-500W IR 1500s-380E IR

Page 8 of 8 619l2004

Negative values indicate less than the detection limit Page 7 of 8 61912004

Analytical Procedure Assessment Report

MUL TI ELEMENT ICP ANAL YSZS

Samples are catalogued and dried. Soil samples are screened to obtain a -80 mesh sample. Samples unable to produce adequate -80 mesh material are screened at a coarser fraction. These samples are flagged with the relevant mesh. Rock samples are 2 stage crushed to minus 10 mesh and pulverized on a ring mill pulverizer to minus 140 mesh, rolled and homogenized.

A 0.5 gram sample is digested with 3ml of a 3:1:2 (HCl:HN03:H20) which contains beryllium which acts as an internal standard for 90 minutes in a water bath at 9S0C. The sample is then diluted to 1 Om1 with water. The sample is analyzed on a Jarrell Ash TCP unit.

Results are collated by computer and are printed along with accompanying quality control data (repeats and standards). Results are printed on a laser printer and are faxed and/or mailed to the client.

For GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX XM ROCK SAMPLE ANALYSIS

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo. As Received by E-mail from ECOTECH LABS July 12,2004.


ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING

10041 Dallas Drive, Kamloops. BC V2C 6T4 Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557


www.ecotechlab.com

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-321


ATTENTION: Richard Lodrnill

No. of samples received: 12 Sample type: RocWCore

Au Pd Pt ET #. Tag # ( P P ~ ) ( P P ~ ) (ppb)

1 Road 001 145 -=5 <5 2 Road 002 60 <5 <5 3 Road 003 185 5 <5 4 Road 004 15 5 <5 10 TH 01 10 <5 <5 11 TH 02 5 <5 <5 12 THO3 5 <5 <5

QC DATA; Standard: GEO 04

Page 1

ECO TECH LABL.~ATORY LTD. 10041 Dallas Drive KAMLOOPS. B.C. V2C 6T4

Phone: 250-573-5700 Fax : 250-573-4557

. Values In ppm unless otherwise reported

ICP CERTIFICATE Ur ANALYSIS AK 2004-448

APPENDIX VIlI

GOLD MASK VENTUl.cS LTD. Box 1192 Kamloops, BC V2C 6H3


No. of samples received: 8 Sample type: Rock

EtU. Tag U Ag A l % As Ba Bi Ca % Cd Co Cr Cu Fe % La Mg % Mn Mo Na % Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr Ti % U V W Y Zn 1 DH001 0.2 0.27 <5 735 C5 2.74 4 5 62 9 1.44 10 0.65 375 1 0.03 14 590 12 <5 <20 104 <0.01 4 0 5 4 0 4 20 2 DH 002 <0.2 0.26 <5 15 5 > I0 C1 20 56 31 4.37 10 5.472486 c1 0.01 52 380 c2 <5 c20 42 0.02 c10 137 < I0 3 DH 003 0.2 0.34 <5 385 c5 2.33 < I 5 62 10 1.40 20 0.60 406 1 0.05 13 600 16 <5 <20 39<0.01 4 0 6 4 0

!ax!&& Repeat:

1 DH001 0.2 0.27 <5 780 <5 2.70 < I 6 62 14 1.42 10 0.64 371 1 0.03 14 570 12 c5 <20 105 ~ 0 . 0 1 < I0 5 < I0

Standard: GEO '04 1.5 1.65 60 140 <5 1.58 4 20 60 82 3.49 10 0.95 597 c l 0.02 29 640 24 <5 <20 49 0.10 4 0 65 < I0

JJijm dl1448 XLSlO4 CC: S a m Z m

Page 1



10041 Dallas Drive, Kamloops. BC V2C 6T4

Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557 E-mail: [email protected]




No of samples received 8 Sample type Rock

Hg ET#. Tag # (ppb)

1 DH001 70

QC OAT& Repeat:

1 DH 001

Standard: GEG 04

u / L.

Page 1

<- ASSAYING GEOCHEMISTRY Ecx Laboratory Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TESTING

I 10041 Dallas Dnve. Kamloops. BC V2C 6T4 Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557


www.ecotechlab.com


GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. Box 1192 Karnloops, BC V2C 6H3


No. of samples received: 8 Sample type: Rock

Au Pd Pt ET #. Tag # (ppb) (ppb) (ppb)

1 DH 001 <5 <5 <5

QC DATA: Repeat:

8 RD007

Standard: GEO 04

Page i d

For GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX Vlll GM DRAINAGE (Sediment) ANALYSIS ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. 10241 Dallas Drive KAMLOOPS, B.C. W C 6T4 27-May-04 Phone: 250-573-5700 Fax : 250-573-4557 Values In ppm unless otherwlse reported

ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-323 GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. BOX 1192 Kamloops. BC V2C 6H3

No. of samples received. 3 Sample type:=


(Wgh values underlined for ernphasis- S.Z.) Tag # Ag Al% As Ba Bl Ca% Cd Co Cr Cu Fe% K% La MgX Mn Mo Na% Ni P Pb Sb Sn Sr TI% U V W Y Zn sed 001 L-llOOW Stn. 240N 0.2 159 5 25 <5 6.44 < I 22 28 468 3.74 0.08 4 0 2.86 544 6 007 38 1560 17 <5 <20 38 0.03 < I0 181 < I0 6 2 6 5M 002 Upper Ck 480W 1600 C0.2 0.89 <5 60 5 0.78 < I 21 100 20 757 0.09 20 0.69 272 <1 0.04 33 650 7 10 <20 32 0.12 4 0 340 <I0 7 $5 Sed 003 Backhoe PIU 1250s 8 0.2 0.61 <5 35 C5 1.21 C1 14 38 23 2.42 0.07 10 0.78 290 < I 0.03 41 740 8 10 <20 23 0.06 <I0 27 < lo 5 4 4

Repeat: w 002 Uppw Ck 480W 1600 ~ 0 . 2 0.83 <5 a 10 0.83 < I 22 115 22 708 0.07 20 0.89 368 < I 0.02 50 870 7 c5 40 31 m - 4 0 * < l o 7 61 Standard: GEO '04 1.5 1.54 55 155 <5 1.72 < I 20 64 83 3.78 0.35 <I0 0.87 649 < I 0.02 34 740 22 <5 <20 37 0.06 4 0 52 <10 10 73

ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD. dutta Jealouse B.C. Certified Assayer JJlkk W318

XLSlW 52 Sam last

Au Ha Pd Pt - Tag # (ppb) (ppb) (ppb)(ppb)

Sed 001 L-I 100W Stn. 240N 130 5 340 5 - Sed 002 Upper Ck 480W 1600 160 5 10 c5 Sed 003 Backhoe Pits 12505 6 20 <5 10 <5

!2G!uu Repeat: Sed 001 L-1100W Stn. 240N 5 Siandard: GE0'04 56

ECO TECH LABORATORY LTD Jutta Jealouse B C . Certified Assayer

S. Zastavnikovich, PGeo. As Received by E-mail from ECOTECH LABS May 27, 2004.

ECO TECH LABOh-TORY LTD. 10041 Dallas Drive KAMLOOPS, B.C. V2C 6T4

Phone: 250-573-5700 Fax : 250-573-4557

ICP CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AK 2004-448

APPENDIX VIlI

GOLD MASK VENTURE* LTD. Box 11 92 Kamloops, BC V2C 6H3


No. of samples received: 17 Sample type: Soil -

Values in ppm unless otherwise reported

Q!aam Repeat:

1 L200S+ 80W 10 L10005+ 22E

Standard: GEO '04

JJIjrn dl1449 XLS104 CC: SamZast Page 1

ASSAYING GEOCHEMISTRY Ecx h Laboratory Ud. ' . ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TESTING

10041 Dallas Drive, Kamloops. BC V2C 6T4 Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557

E-mail: [email protected] ww.ecotechJab.com




No of samples recewed 17 Sample type Sod

Hg ET#. Tag # (ppb)

1 L200S+ 80W 20 2 L200S+ 102W 30 3 L200S+ 120W 30 4 L2OOS+ 142W 35 5 L200S+ 160W 30 6 L2OOS+ 182W - 50 7 L200S+200W a 8 L10005+ 10E 15 9 L10005+ 15E 20 10 L1 0005+ 22E 40 11 L10005+ 25E 50 - 12 L10005+ 30E 40 13 L1 295S+ 245W 35 14 L1300S+ 245W 25 15 L13C5S1 245W 10 16 L131OS+ 245W 45 17 L1315S+ 245W - 90

QC DATA;

Repeat: 1 L20OS+ 80W 9 L10005+ 15E

Standard: GEO 04

Page 1



10041 Dallas Drive. Kamloops, BC V2C 6 ~ 4

Phone (250) 573-5700 Fax (250) 573-4557


www.ecotechlab.com




No. of samples received: 17 Sample type: Soil

Au Pd Pt ET #. Tag # fppb) (ppb) (ppb)

1 L200S+ 80W 5 5 <5 2 L2OOS+ 102W 15 10 <5 3 L2oos+ 120W 10 5 <5 4 L200S+ 142W 10 <5 -=5 5 L200S+ 160W 10 10 <5 6 L200S+ 182W 10 <5 <5 7 L200S+ 200W 15 15 4 8 L1000S+ 10E 10 5 <5 9 L1000S+ 15E 5 5 <5 10 L1000S+ 22E 10 10 <5 11 L1000S+ 25E 10 10 <5 12 L1000S+ 30E 10 5 -=5 13 L1295S+ 245W 10 5 <5 14 L1300S+ 245W 5 10 <5 15 L1305S+ 245W 5 <5 -=5 16 L131OS+ 245W 25 5 <5 - 17 L1315S+ 245W 15 5 <5

QC DATA;

Repeat: 2 L2oos+ 102W

Standard: GEO 04

Page 'd \J

For GOLD MASK VENTURES LTD. APPENDIX Xllla LINE 200s- SOIL- ICP+H~ ANALYSIS

S. Zastavnikovich, P.Geo. As Received by E-mail From ECOTECH LABS June 2,2004.

APPENDIX IX - Rock Sample Descriptions

Sample # Description:

Mineralized float rocks found along the Ajax pits-Afton mill haul road on GM East Grid: (presumably form the Ajax pits area. as road f i l i or fail-off the haul trucks)

RDOO1 - ' Sugar loaf diorite float, with malachite, minor disseminated chalcopyrite. on haul road, at t200S- 1 OOE, GM East grid

RD005 - massive ultramafic. black, 'picrite'? float rock, very magnetic. on haul road, at L80OS-300E

RD006 - duplicate RD00 1 rock sample (inserted for laboratory control) KD007 - felsic dyke float rock, with nlaiachite. and manganese in fractures. on haul road.

at LO- 1 00 W

Haul Road intrusive float rocks, found east of the GM property:

RD002 - Na-, K-altered intrusive haul road float rock, with cinnabar KDOO.3 - Na-altered, bleached intrusive haul road float, with minor cpy blebs RD004 - haul road float, as RD003 above, more intensely bleached, white

'Tuff Hill', local float rocks: (at east end of lines 800s-1000S, on Rainbow's Jaxd8 Claim)

THO0 1 - felsic dyke rock, with barite, ('unit lo'?), local float on 'Tuff Hill', L850S-470E. I'HOO2- I~ematitic. tuSfaceous, clastic Nicoia sedi~nentaly rock. local float on - i'uK Hill' TH003- mafic N icola volc.s, massive, brown to maroon weathered ('unit 1 flows'?),

local float on -Tuff Hiil'

Tertiary basalt outcrops on the GM property:

OCOO 1 - Tertiary basalt outcrop with minor rounded pink K-spar clasts, at L350N- 140N

OC002- Tertiary massive basalt outcrop at L2 100s-520W ocu(j.3- same as OC002 above

N Q D.D. Core (abandoned?, located some % km. NW of GM22 claim):

OC004 - inrusive? breccia, with pink K-spa clasts, dissem. 2% pyrite. specular hematite OCCiO5 - tnaSi'ic breccia, with i -2Yo disseminated pyrite

BQ D.D. Core (at L1500S-400W, old, collapsed base- no record if in situ, or transported to site):

DHOO 1 - quartz-eye porphyry. with brown weathered chorite altered mafic minerals DH002- tuffaceous sedimentary Nicola rock, with oxidized Fe, Mn coated hairline

fractures DHOO.3 - bleached quartL feldspar porphy~y. with minor py biebs, rusty-weathered ~natrix DH004 - same as DH003, above 1 500s+405w diamond drili core gouge, weathered heaps 1 5OOs+4 1 Ow diamond drill core gouge, weathered heaps

S. Zastavnikovich. P.Geo.

APPENDIX X

From : " Electochemical mass-transport in overburden: a new model to account for the formation of selective leach geochemical anomalies in glacial terrainv*, by S.M. Hamilton, 1998. in J. Geochemical Exploration, Vo1.63, ppl55-172: *(Sections considered most pertinent to the GM claims area are underlined): . . .. 4.1 Electrochemical Mass Transport in Overburden The dissipation of negative charge away from the conductor is accomplished as the oxidation states of the reduced species change during this process, resulting in dissolved, gaseous or precipitated products that have a higher redox potential than the reduced reactants. A greater concentration of oxidizing agents exists in the near-surface environment and the principal agents, dissolved oxygen and ferric hydroxides, are not charged species and therefore would not be induced to move in a redox field. As such most of the oxidation-reduction reactions are expected near the surface, resulting from the movement of reduced species from depth. There are manv redox-active ions that could potentiallv carry charge but abundant reduced anionic sulphur species seem the most likely. The migration of cations an anions occurs simultaneously and must be exactly balanced, after accounting for precipitation and other fixation reactions, in order to maintain macroscopic charge balance in all parts of the ground water environment. Since reduced anions and oxidized cations originate from different sources, they may have different pathways, but counter-ion movement of oppositely charged species must accompany each. Redox-inert species such as Na+ and CI- likelv plav a lawe role as counter-ions that prevent charge imbalances that would otherwise develop in response to the movement of redox-active species. However. their movement does not directly result in the dissipation of negative charge awav from the cathode but rather results from it. (Ficure 9) provides a hypothetical example of the potential outcome of this process in glacial terrain. (Figure 9A) depicts a fine-grained, hlly saturated glacial material, shortly after the position in which a background redox differential of 150 mV exists between groundwater at surface and in basal overburden units. An electrochemically conductive, steeply dipping mineral deposit occurs in bedrock. More reducing conditions immediately above the conductor results in a redox differential of 300 mV between the top of mineralization and ground surface. Self-potential contrasts exceeding 150 mV between conductive mineralization and adjacent rock have often been reported (eg. Bolviken and Logn, 1975; Pflug et at., 1 996). At the time of overburden deposition, a very strong vertical redox gradient would exist just above the bedrock conductor along which ions would have a tendency to move. As reduced anionic species such as HS- and S203-migrate upward and outward along this gradient, a 'column' in the groundwater-saturated overburden above mineralization would become steadily more reduced (Fig.9B). At the top of this column reduced anionic species would come in contact with oxidizing agents and redox reactions would take place. As oxidizing agents are consumed, the reduced front would continue to propagate upward and outward until it encountered a large and continuous source of oxidizing agents such as the water table or ground surface. The end result (Fig. 9C) is that the redox anisotropy on the bedrock surface will have propagated upward to the ground surface and the previously horizontal redox equipotential lines will have become nearly vertical in the vicinity of the reduced column. Once the maximum capacity of the overburden to consume negative charge (ie. provide oxidizing agents) has been reached, a steady-state equilibrium would be established between current in the conductor and the corresponding inward movement of oxidized species and outward movement of reduced species at the top of the conductor. The equipotential lines around the column above the conductor would therefore cease to move outward and a permanent Eh anisotropy would have developed in overburden between the conductor and ground surface. In general, cations in groundwater would migrate towards the reduced column and downward, both on surface and at depth along the decreasing redox gradient. Anions would migrate away and diagonally upward in accordance with the geometry of increasing redox equipotentials (Fig. 9C).

S.Zastavnikovich, P.Geo., Geochemical Consultant

APPENDIX X, continued

Once the column develops. electrochemical current must become focused at the flanks of the column because the voltage gradient is stronger in that direction than it would be in the vertical direction. At the flanks near surface, reduced anions (such as HS- and S203-) transfer negative charge to oxidizing agents such as dissolved osvren and solid-phase ferric hvdroxides. As part of this ionic current oxidized cations such as CU+T or U 0 2 + + would move toward the column and downward carrying positive charge. ... . . . 5.0 Conclusions

This paper asserts that an electrochemical cell can develop in thick overburden above an electronic conductor ill bedrock and that in this cell, charge is transferred exclusively by ions. Strong redox gradients between the top of the conductor and ground surface are the driving force for upward migration of reduced anionic species to surface. which dissipates negative charge away From the top of the conductor. Charge is transferred by reactions with oxidized cations migrating in the other direction or with dissolved oxygen or solid phase oxidizing agents at the edge of the redox 'front' created by the movement of reduced anions. The process results in the development of a redox anisotropy on ground surface over the redox anisotropy on bedrock and a chemically reduced 'column' between the two. Near surface, the reduced column induces the migration of cations inward and downward and anions outward and upward. This could result in both 'apical' and 'rabbit-ear' geochemical anomalies that occur in surface materials over, and flanking, the reduced column. Depletions are also expected, especially in the centre of the column in cationic species mobile in reducing environments (eg. iron). Because the electrochemical diffusion rates are tvpicallv far higher - than rates of chemical diffusion, the process can theoreticallv occur within a few thousand years in thick overburden (en. 30 m) and hence can be expected to produce ~eochemical anomalies in Quaternary glacial materials. The theoretical treatment above was restricted to thick, young overburden with a high water table. There are many other mechanisms that could potentially move metals fiom mineralization to ground surface but most of these are minimized in Qaternary glacial environments. Chemical diffusion is too slow; ...

... Electrochemical transport could also operate in other overburden or bedrock environments, including the unsaturated zone. The process could theoretically hnction in any overburden environment where ( I ) a background redox gradient exists and (2) a strong and continuous redox anisotropy occurs on the bedrock surface. A redox low on the bedrock surface could result from the presence of an electronic conductor in bedrock or from a varietv of other sources such as: a more electrically conductive zone in bedrock (ec. fault gouge); a distinct bedrock topographic depression filled with conductive overburden; a boundary between lithological units with contrasting redox properties (eg. ultramafic and granite); or a zone of reduced organic matter such as coal or bitumen. Although the model is strictly theoretical, it agrees with empirical data collected by the OGS (Ontario Geological Survey) and others. . . .

S .Zastavnikovich, P.Geo., Geochemical Consultant

APPENDIX X

Ground Surface T ........................................ +I50 ..

................... .............----

- 4

Bedrock

4 O

..................... ................... -50

Bedrock

.............. -50 ...................... . .

........ .................. uctian of oxidised

............. ................ . - -

.............. ...........-- ........

...................A

@ =Reduced Anions @ = Oxidised Cations

Fig. 9. The progressive modilication oi redax-equipotential lines in glacial overburden uvcrlying an electronic conductor in bedrock. The impelus lor ion movement comes From the strong redox grudien~ bctween the bedrock conductor and ground surface. Flow lines depict only the movement of rcdox active yxcies. Redon inert species are also present and may move as 'counter-ions' preventing local charge imbnkmcc?.

For Gold Mask Ventures Ltd. TABLE 2

Abacus Minina's P W I Zones 2822 Dni Resulls on Rainbow Prooectv. a d t n t to GM Claims FTW mhsa (Drii Hales arranged from East to West)

and 229.0 243.0 20.0

R-04-16 20l.5 2025 &O Q.44 QjB

Easternmost drill holes, Zone 22: 6 lnte~els Cu% AugR Cu% 1

Eastcentral drill holes: 9lntetvals Cu% Au gb Cu% 1

Westcentral drill holes: 11 lnte~els Cu% Au gR Cu% 1

krl. 187 ZllZ t5 0.M 0.19 R(YQ53 229 247 I 8 0.52 0.11

RO+M2 405.6 4926 7 m e g RDeo52 584.1 585.6 9.5 0.69 0.13

kl. 5116.6 590.6 5 0.16 - -

Westemmost drill hoies, Zone 2. 13lntervaIs Cu% 6u46 1

A! Intervals, with Cu, Au only: 391nte- m

APPENDIX XI1

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF GLACIAL DISPERSION STtJDIES OV THE: GALAXY PROPERTY, KAMLOOPS, B.C.

(92I/9) By D.E. Kerr, SJ. Sibbick, B.C. Geological Survey Branch

and G.D. Belik, Getchell Resources Inc.

KEYWORDS: Appl ied geochemistry, I r o n Mask batholith, Galaxy, porphyry Cu-Au. drift exploration. surti- cia1 geology, till, i o i l geochemistry, glacial dispersion. biogeochemisrry.

~ N ~ R ~ C T I O N This report describes the 1992 field season preliminary

results o f a glacial dispersion study on the Galaxy porphyry copper-gold deposit in the lron Mask batholith, 5 kilometres southwest of Kamloops (Figurc4-5-1). The project involves three drift-explorat~on techniques: t i l l geochemistry, till- pebhle lithology and hiogeochemistry.This investigation is designed to demonstrate the applicability of a combined surficial geology - exploration geochemistry progmm in the search for mineral deposits in areas of glaciated terrain with thick t i l l cover.

Successful drift-exploration strategies require an accurdte interpretation and understanding o f the genesis and distribu- t i on uf surf ic ial materials. and ice- f low h is tory (DiLnbio. 1989). Drift sampling i n the Galaxy area documents glacial patterns of geochemical and lithological dispersion in till. The Galaxy deposit was selected due to i t s physiographic environment, geological setting. well under- stood Quaternary glacial history and overhurden stratigra- phy, all of which make i t suitable for a glacial dispenion

case study. This work complrnients similar iuriicial EL-OI- ogy and geochemical' dispersion invesligaric ns carried ot r on porphyry copper-gold deposits at Mount dilligan ( i e w m d Bobrowsky. 1991: Grwel and Sibh~ck. 1 '9 I) and a: the Island Copper mine (Kern ct c r l . . 1992).

The objective o f the Galaxy till-sampling program ..; to determine the style of dispersion and the rate at which anomalous elements are diluted to backgro~ nd concenrr;.. tions within a t i l l sheet. Studies o f soil protilc; w i l l illustrde the effects o f soil formation on the geoch mistry 01' t i l l sediments. Relationships o f glacial dispe-rion to !,!zc- fraction element concentrations. surficial ge >logy and $1-

cia! history wi l l atso be assrsied.

REGIONAL GEOLOGY The Galaxy deposit i s one ctf seven porph) ry copper. g o d

deposits lwated within the Afton camp. Thc se deposi~:;, :IS well as the Afton and Ajax orehodies. ;ue hc ited withi; the Irrm IWa4 hthol i th (Preto. ICH,B). an elonelre. nonhwe?t-~ trending, alkaline subvolcmi.: intrusive cor~plex about 20 kilometres long hy 4 kilometres wide, that inrrudt:~ comagmatic and coeval andesitic to b~sa l t i c fl;!ws. pyroclastics and sedimentary racks o f the 'rriassic Nicola Group. The batholith compri:.e, four intrusi. e phases :In:- ing in composition from pyroxcnite and gablm to dior~:e ro monzonite and syenite. Emplacement o f the intrusive m i l s and the subsequent mineralizing events were controlled by a complex system of recumnf: nonhwesterl! . nonhe~!;lerly and northerly trending faults and related kacture z m s .

Primary mineralization w.thin the depv: i t s consi..L\ af fracture-controlled chalcopyritc and hornit: accomp.inia:d by pyrite, pyrrhotite and magneite. The Afrc n deposir. prior to mining, contained a large iupergene zone o f native zop- per. chalcocite and cuprite.

PROPERTY GEOLOGY

0 GALAXY E

Figure 4-5- 1. Location of the Galaxy property.

Copper mineralization on the Galaxy prof erty consists of chalcopyrite and minor bomite with on1 I minor, near- surface oxidation. The main deposit occur! within a ked- shaped zone, about 150 mener wide. 400 t letres Ion:: a i d up to 70 metres tbick. which is pan o f a non )west-trendirg. graben-like structure comprwd o f shearel and strongly fractured NicolaGroup volc;sics and diorit c pha5es o f n e lron Mask batholith (Figure 4-5-2). Irregula. shaped b d e s o f sheared. serpentinized olivine-pyroxene-~ich basic mu- sive, referred to as picrite, are exposed along the soutllw~:st margin of the graben. The prahen is boundtd on the w l h - west and northeast by fins-grained syen te and nliclo- syenite.

Geohical Fieldwr~rk 1992. Paper IW3- I

APPENDIX XI1

Figure 4-52. Simplified sketch of hedmck geology. Galaxy zone. Modified from Blanchflower (1978).

FIELD METHODS Preliminary airphoto interpretation of the suriicial geol-

ogy of the Galaxy area at a scale of 1:70 000 was undertaken prior to fieldwork. Surficial sediment types and large- scale geomorphological ice-flow directional features (i.e., drumlinoid ridges) were identified andplotted on a I:5 GOO- scale b a e map. Additional ice-flow patterns were obtained from striated bedrock and till-pebble fabrics at two sites over the deposit in order to funher define the direction of ice movement across the study area. Detailed stratigraphic investigations of trenches and hand-dug pits at 100 sites were undertaken to identify changes in the overburden sub- surface record.

A sampling grid was established over the areas of known mineralization. extending to a distance of 1500 mews in the down-ice direction ofthe deposit (Figure 4-5-3). The orientation of the grid was established on the bask of inferred ice-flow direction, so that sample sites would theoretically cover the expected dispersal trains. The oxidized C-horizon, commonly occurring 0.5 to 0.75 metre below the surface, was sampled at approximately 170 sites. Along the long axis of the grid. A and B-horizon samples were also collected to convast differences with the underlying oxidized C-horizon. Three detailed soil profiler were also sampled to identify geochemical variations with depth. The 80 mesh (-177 micron) fraction of each drift sample will be analyzed by instrumental neumn activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP) for fony elements.

Figure 4-5-3. Surticial geology map of the Galaxy area. showing sampling grid location.

At I I sites along the long axis of the grid. 25 pebbles were collected for lithological analyses and provenance studies. In addition, the stems, leaves and flowers of rabbitbush (Chtyothrrmnur nauseos~zus) plants were sampled for comparison with soil data. Rabbitbush is a compact (50 cm high). olive-green shrub topped by a mass of small yellow flowers which is common in the dry interior of British Columbia (Lyons. 1991). Field observations show that the raproot of this shrub may extend 1 metre or more below the surface. Rabbitbush samples were analysed by ICP for 30 elements and results .are expressed on an ashed basis.

RESULTS

SURFICXAL GEOLOGY The last glacial episode in the Kamloops region occurred during the Late Wisconsinan (Fraser Glaciation) between 20 2302270 years B.P. (GSC-194) and10 5002 170 yean B.P. (GSC-1524). Ice movement during this tinal event was primarily to the southeast, as interpreted from ice-flow indicaton such as well-developed drumlin fields developed in till. This observation of regional flow is in accordance with earlier studies by Fulton (1963) in the Kamloops Lake area. Fulton (1975) also mapped the extent of glacial and nonglacial sediments and noted the presence of ice-flow indicators to the east. southeast and south of the study area. Revious glacial episodes also affected the area, bur the conditions surrounding these older events can only be interpreted fmm more deeply buried deposits preserved in bedrock depressions and larger valleys. During deglaciation phases, ice appears to have retreated towards the north and northwest. ,,

Drumlinized till sedimentsare widespread throughout the Kamloops area occurring primarily as a blanket (I m) in the northern and southem plateaus along the South Thompson Valley, as well as in range country which continues discon- tinuously south to Princeton. The shape and size of the flutings are variable, but the dominant trend of these land-

Brirish Columbia Geologicat Suwq Branch

APPENDIX XI1

Plate 4-5-1. Gently rolling topography developed on till south of the Galaxy property: view southeast.

rock near the deoosit. Drill-hole data from assessment rcports show that iignificant thicknesses of unconsohdated sediments. In excess of 20 to 30 metres, are common south- e%t and routh of the deposit (Blanchflower, 1978; Belik, 1990~. b). For most area. the t i l l ix compact. very poorly sorted and conslsrs o i angular to well-rounded pebbles to boulders in a sand-s~lt-clay matrix (Plate 4-5-2).

. .

Plate 4-52, Massive till and soil development exposed in a trench; large boulder measures 40 centimetres.

forms is to the southeast. Surficial sediments identified in the Galaxy area include fluted diamicton (till) of variable thickness, thin veneers (m) of colluviated till over till on steeper slopes, and less than 5 per cent bedrock (Plate 4-5-1). Drift cover ranges from less than 1 metre to tens of metres in thickness. Near the deposit, surfrcial sediment cover averages 3 to 5 metres, obscuring much of the bed-

Soils developed in the area of the Galaxy deposit consist of olrhic dark brown chernozems in the grasslands and eutric bwnisols under areas of forest cover. Results for copper in soil samples collected along the sample baseline indicate that soil copper contents are generally highest in the C-horizon (till) and lowest in the A-horizon (Figure 4-54), This feature may be due to the addition of loess to the upper soil horizons (H. Luttmerding, personal communication, 1992) which would dilute the original metal (i.e., copper) content of the upper soil horizons. As deposition of loess in the postglacial period was controlled by factors such as wind patterns and topography, dilution of the upper soil horizons (and their metal concentrations) would be highly variable and bear no relation to the original A and B-horizon metal contents.

Rabbitbush samples reported higher copper contents than corresponding soils at eight of eleven sites, but show no consistent trend with distance from the deposit (Figure 4-5-4). Rabhitbush was also found to contain higher mean concentrations of boron, calcium, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, strontium and zinc. Additional biogeochemical studies are suggested in order to more accurately define the reliability and accuracy of this technique.

Preliminary results (Figure 4-5-5) indicate the existence of a strongly-anomalous (200 ppm), ribbon-shaped dispersion tmin of copper extending for up to 1 kilometre down- ice from the deposit. Copper concentrations along the far- thest down-ice sample line (approximately 1500 m from the deposit) average 136 ppm copper, suggesting that a significant (100 ppm) anomaly may extend for a greater distance.

Geological Fieldwork 1992, Paper 1993-1

APPENDIX XI1

Figutr 4 -54 Down-iee dispersion of copper in A. B and C-horizon soils and rahbitbush.

... . Q) A Percentiles + 50 (0-187 ppm) . . + . $ 0 a

I . ;a. a.oDD 0 a 50 i o 75 (187-245 ppmj 0 75 to 90 (245-350 ppm) / . n......~O 0

> 90 (,350 ooml

Figure 4-5-5. Copper concentrations overlying and down- ice from the Galaxy deposit.

There early results suggest similarities with the work described by Young and Rugg (1971) at the Island Copper mine: a linear geochemical anomaly, developed in till less than mems thick over the orebody, extends for more than 600 m e m s in the down-ice direction parallel to ice flow. Fox er a/.. (1987) describe a well-defined dispersion train developed in till over the Quesnel Rtver gold deposit: this linear down-ice soil anomaly has been defined for approximately 1 kilometre.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Studies at the Galaxy propeny focus on the controls of

glacial dispersion and soil formation on geochemical anomaly formation. Data collected from this project will be used to develop a conceptual model of glacial dispersion and soil processes applicable to the search for porphyry copper-gold depsits . These studies will aid in the design and interpretation of drift-prospecting and geochemical soil surveys conducted in the Geochemical, lithological and hio- geochemical orientation surveys will highlight the effects of mechanical and chemical dispersion and will define the grain-size fractions which provide the highest anomsly con- wst . These surveys characterize the sediments over and down-ice from the deposit and may serve as a guide to similar mineral deposits with comparable surtkial geology cover elsewhere in the southern Interior. notably in the Kamloops - Aspen Gro\re - Princeton region. Ongoing studies investigate the hypothesis that significantly higher metal values are asmiated with the oxidized C-horizon in till as opposed to oxidized B-horizon soils developed from the same parent material. Mapping of ice-flow patterns and an understanding of the nature and origin of surficial sediments are essential in the interpretation stzges of soil geochemical survcys.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Tracy Delaney and Colleen

Bauer for their assistance in the field, as well as Paul Marysek, Peter Bobmwsky and Herb Luttrnerding for their helpful comments in the initial stages of fieldwork. Labora- tory prepantions of till samples were gracefully completed by Kathy Colbourne.

REFERENCES Belik. G. ( 1 % ) : Percussion Drilling Rcpon on the Evening Star

and Golden Star Cmwn Grants: B.C. *lini.srr? vf E n r m ,Uiw.v and Pemmleum Re.rourres. Assessment Rapon 20242, 83 pages.

Belik, G. (1990b): Percussion Drilling Repon on the Venus 2. 4 and I I Fraction: B.C. Minis17 uf Ener,~>', Mines and Permleum Resources. Assessment Repon 20663. 26 pages.

Blanchflower, J.D. (1978): Geophysical and Diamond Drill Repon on the Evening Stnr, Golden Srar, Shear and Venus Clnima; B.C. Minisrq of Energ?. Mines and P~rmleutn Resources. Assessment Report 6861.

DiLabio. R.N.W. (1989): Terrain Geochemistry in Canada. Chap ter 10: in Quaternmy Geology of Canada and Greenland. Fulton. RJ.. Editor: Geolngical sun.^?. uf Canrrda. Geology of Canada. No. I. pages 647-663.

Fox. P.E., Cammn, R.S, and Hoffman. SJ. (1987): Geology and Soil Geochcmisuy of the Quesnel River Gold Deposit. British Columbia: in Geoexpo '86. Elliot. LL. and Smee. B.W.. Editors, The Arnciarion (f &~rplrrmtion Genchemisrs, pages 61-71. ,.

Fulton. R.J. (1%3): Surficial Grology, Kamluopr Lake. Bridsh Columbia: Ger,lr,gicaI Sunvy of Cunudu. Map 9- 1963.

Fulton. R.J.. (1975): Quaternary Geology md Geomorphology, Nicola-Vemnn Area. British Columbia (82L WIR and 921 EIR): Geolo~ical Survey qf Canadu. Memoir 380. includes .Maps 1391A. 1392A. 1393A and 1394A.

442 Br~rish Culurnbiu Geulo,yicul Survey Brunch

APPENDIX XI1

Gravel. J. and Sibbick. S. 1IWl): Mount Millignn; Geochemical Explomtion in Complex Glacial DriR: in Exphmtion in Brit- ish Columbia 1990, R.C. Minist? of E n r ~ 3 Mimr und P m d r u m Rr.w~urrc.r. Pan 8. pages 1 17- 134.

Kcrr. D. and Bobrowsky. P.T. (1991): Quaternary Gmlogy md Drifr Exploration at Mount Milligan and Johnny Mountain. British Columbia; in Exploration in British Columh~a IWU, B.C. Ministy oj E n q ? . Mines utul Permlrwn R~.s~~urres. Part 8, p a p 135-152

Kerr. D. E.. Sibbick, S.J. and lackaman. W. (1992): ' f i l l Geo- chemistry of the Quu(sino Area. Y2UIZ: B.C. Minisr? of

Enrrpy, Miner ond Pttmlrum Resources. Opcr File 199:Z-21, 104 p;a,p.

Lyons. C.P. (1991): Trees. Shribs :tnd Flowers to know in Britsh Columbia: Fitihcnq nnd Wltirr.si& W. 194 tagcs.

Preto, V.A.G. (1968): Geology of the Eastern Pan of Iron Mask Balholilk B.C. ~Winisrrr qf kGi,rus und Petrol, urn Re.swun:p> Annual Report 1%7. pages 137- 141.

Ywng. M.J. and Rugg, E.S. (1971); G&jcolugy aMi M neraliratm? 01' the Island Copper Dcpo~it: Wmrm Mine,. Volume 4 4 pages 3 1-40.

G E N D *

- D r a ~ n g e Sample

- S o i l S a m p l e

- R o c k Sarr p l e

-l*,Mag Anomaly 1

\

SCALE. / I j ' g a b ~ S4pT. 8 200p DATE - :

\ \ \

\ GEOCHEMICAL ~ & ? p L ~ ~ o c a ~ o n ~ 8 t Anomal ies

DRAWING NUMBER

% h l i EAST & W E S T G R I D S FIG. 8

GQI~ Office

Documents