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Apr 10, 2018

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Brijesh Patel
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    GRAPHICS

    PROCESSINGUNIT

    Submitted by:--BRIJESH KUMAR PATEL

    BT CS

    0709510012

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    A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a

    microprocessor that has been designed

    specifically for the processing of 3D graphics.

    Main purpose of GPU is to simulate the 3D

    images as realistic as possible on the computer

    screen

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    GPU is mainly needed to relieve the CPUfrom graphical computations so that CPU

    can be used for other processes

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    CPU is where all the

    program instructions are

    executed . CPU performs less

    computation than

    GPU(150G flops)(floating

    point operations per sec)

    GPU is a dedicated piece of

    hardware that processes graphic.

    GPU performs high intensive

    computing & massive parallel

    processing (500G flops) (floating

    point operations per sec)

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    The first GPU, introduced in 1981 by IBM, weremonochrome cards designated as Monochrome DisplayAdapters (MDAs).

    Then came Colour Graphics Adapter(CGA) & then theEnhanced Graphics Adapter(EGA).

    IBM introduced the Video Graphics Array (VGA) in1987. It could support up to 256 colors at resolutions up

    to 720x400

    Then came the Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA)that supports upto 16.8 million colors and 1280x1024resolution

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    Graphics HardwareInterface

    PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT(PCI)

    ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT (AGP)

    PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNNECT-EXPRESS(PCI-E)

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    Graphics Processor

    The processor is designed specifically toperform floating point calculations, which arefundamental to 3D graphics processing.

    Graphics Accelerator

    A graphics accelerator assists graphicsprocessing by executing instructionsconcurrently.

    Frame Buffer

    A frame buffer is a video output device thatdrives a video display from a memory buffercontaining a complete frame of data.

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    Memory

    Video memory may be used for storing screenimage as well as Z-Buffer which manages thedepth coordinates in 3D graphics.

    Graphics BIOS

    This contains the basic program, which isusually hidden, that governs the video card's

    operations and provides the instructions thatallow the computer and software to interactwith the card.

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    Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

    The RAMDAC or Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter, converts digital signals toanalog signals for use by a computer display thatuses analog inputs such as CRT displays.

    Display Connector

    This include connection system b/w the video cardand the display devices such as monitor or atelevision.

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    Everything that is displayed on the

    computer screen is 2D

    The push for more realism, more finely-

    detailed graphics and faster speeds in such

    programs as means that more 3D work must be done in a shorter period of time has

    resulted in need for 3D acceleration

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    REAL IMAGE GRAPHICS

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    PERFORMANCE FACTORS OF GPU

    Fillrate

    The fillrate usually refers to the number of pixelsa video card can render and write to video

    memory in a second.

    Memory Bandwidth

    Memory bandwidth is the rate at which data canbe read from or stored into a memory by aprocessor.

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    Memory Clock

    This tells us the amount of memory bandwidtha graphics card has.

    Memory Interface (Memory Bus)

    The larger the Memory Interface width, fasterthe speed of data traveling in it.

    Core ClockThe actual speed at which the graphicsprocessor on a video card operates.

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    STREAM PROCESSING

    A stream is simply a set of records that require similarcomputation.

    A technique used to accelerate the processing of manytypes of video and image computations is called streamprocessing.

    Streams provide data parallelism

    GPUs are stream processors processors that can operate inparallel by running a single kernel on many records in a stream

    at once.

    Kernels are the functions that are applied to each element in thestream.

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    It is a set of routines, protocols, and tools forbuilding software applications

    GLide by 3dfx

    OpenGL by Silicon Graphics

    Direct3D by Microsoft

    API (Application Program

    Interface)

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    DEDICATED GPU

    INTEGRATED GRAPHICS SOLUTIONS

    HYBRID SOLUTIONS

    TYPES OF GPU

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    MANUFACTURERS OF GPU AMD

    Matrox Graphics

    Nvidia

    S3 Graphics

    Intel

    SiS

    PowerV

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    ADVANTAGE OF GPU

    Scattered reads code can read from arbitrary addresses inmemory.

    Shared memory CUDA exposes a fast shared

    memory region (16KB in size) that can be shared amongstthreads. This can be used as a user-managed cache,enabling higher bandwidth than is possible using texturelookups.

    Faster downloads and read backs to and from the GPU

    Full support for integer and bitwise operations, includinginteger texture lookups.

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    1. System Design

    The processing capacities and capabilities of the

    GPU. The GPUs internal banbwidth.

    GPU-CPU communication bandwidth.

    If the system is part of a processing network, theexternal network bandwidth.

    DISADVANTAGE OF GPU

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    2.Techinal limitations:- Lack of fundamental computing constructs.

    lack of High Quality Random Numbers.

    Lack of Double Precision. Reduced Capability of Scatter Operations.

    Expensive Branching

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    CONCLUSION

    From the introduction of the first GPUs in the1970s to the most recent ones manufacturedtoday, the present world of graphics has changed

    enormously and would have never been the samewithout it.

    Today lot of applications have become fasterand efficient by using GPU technology thussaving lot of time in many scenarios.

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