Gpd brs-4-conceptframework, method and guidelines-22-2-11

Good Practices: Tropical Fruits, Livelihood & ConservationConcept, method and case studies

Bhuwon SthapitBioversity International

Introduction-TFTGR Project

Project Title: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cultivated and Wild Tropical Fruit Diversity: Promoting Sustainable Livelihood, Food Security and Ecosystem Services

Country: India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand

Target species: Citrus, mango, mangosteen and rambutan

GEF Implementing Agency:

UNEP

Executing Agency:

India: ICAR

Indonesia: ICHORD

Malaysia: MARDI

Thailand: HRI, DoA

Regional: Bioversity

Duration: Jan 2009-2013 (5 yrs)

Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity

Context: Diverse production systems conserving tropical genetic resources!

1. Natural forest systems-wild species

2. Buffer zones in protected forests

3. Community forestry/economic forest

4. Home gardens

5. Semi-commercial orchards

6. Commercial orchards

7. Field gene banks

Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cultivated and Wild Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods, Food Security and Ecosystem Services

(UNEP/GEF)

GoalImproved livelihoods and food security of target

beneficiaries through the conservation and use of tropical fruit tree genetic resources

Immediate objectiveTo conserve tropical fruit tree genetic

resources in situ and on farm through strengthening capacity of farmers, user groups, local communities and institutions to sustainably apply good practices and secure benefits

Project overarching goal

Improved livelihoods and food security of target beneficiaries through the conservation and use of tropical fruit tree genetic resources

Objective: Tropical fruit tree genetic resources are conserved in situ and on farm through strengthened capacity of farmers, user groups, local communities and institutions to sustainably apply good practices and secure benefits.

OUTCOMES

Outcome 1: Diversity conserved through improved knowledge

Outcome 2: Stakeholders benefits by using method and GPD

Outcome 3: Community & institutions empowered by strengthening capacity

IMPACT GOAL

= x x

GPD PATHWAY: is defined as a set of ‘Key strategic actions’ or a ‘ interventions’ that TFT Project must undertake to achieve the intended ‘Outcome’. GPD must be clearly reflected or captured in the Pathways. Some pathways under particular outcome can have multiple effect or can also directly support other outcome areas.

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What is good practice?

What are good practices?

Good practices are practices that work towards the achievement of certain objectives under certain condition and context

It can be a process, a method or approach, a technique, an institutional arrangement or a combination of any of these.

Good practice works when a set of practice assembled together under certain situation (Sajise, 2005).

Definition -Good practice

A good practice is a system, method or process, that over time and space maintains, enhances and creates crop genetic diversity and ensures their availability to and from farmers and other actors for improved livelihoods on a sustainable basis (UNEP/GEF, 2002).

Impact pathway of good practices

Key Areas of good practices

1. Propagation methods and nursery management

2. Production and management of tropical fruit tree genetic resources

3. Linking farmers with markets (commercialization that support diversity maintenance and livelihood options)

4. Consolidating roles of communities and local institutions in management of TFTGR

GPD : Capitalizing farmer selection

Varieties, genotypes, or characters unique to home gardens &

How to translate such information for benefits of farming communities and consumers?

Results: Community action plans

Baseline survey on fruits diversity with high value traits identification

Site CommunityRichness

M G CNew

clone (M)

New clone

(C)

Fruit HH

Malihabad, UP 4 29 0 0 6 (1) 0 1215

Pusa, Bihar 4 27 0 3 71(18)+ 10 (4) 525

Amaravati, MP 3 07 0 8 3 1 1471

Sirsi, Karantaka 4 44 5 ? 3 0 1879

Chittor, AP 3 29 0 1 12 (3) 0 1610

18

Total

Selected clones are identified from seedling trees from farmer’s orchard or home gardens and registered in the name of farmer.

Pummelo Clone – 3Collector No. IPS - 506

Name of Farmers

Sankar Sah, Dardha, Murol Mujaffarpur, Bihar

Fruit wt 542 gNo. of Segment 16Rind thickness 10.4 mmTSS 10.3 BAcidity 1.1%No. of Fruit/ plant 198Less seeded (8/fruit), attractive fruit with very tender and sweet segment

Pummelo Clone – 4Collector No. IPS – 520Name of Farmers

Ramnandan Yadav, Basdevpur, Darbhanga, Bihar

Fruit weight 1641 gNo. of Segment 19Rind thickness 10.0mmTSS 9.0BAcidity 1.4 %No. of Fruit/ plant 135More edible portion with thin rind thickness and attractive fruit

Total 10 clones identified from farmer home gardens

Case study

Linking farmers with markets (commercialization that support diversity maintenance and livelihood)

Case 1:Value addition of local products through commodity chain approach in Malaysia

Urban consumers

Rural farmers

“Commodity chain concept”

Valued added local products

IncomeG. atroviridis

Site: Bukit Gantang

Case 2: Value addition of mangosteen products

through commodity chain approach in Thailand

Urban consumers

Rural farmers

“Commodity chain concept”

Valued added local products

Income

Garcinia mangostana

Case 3: Value addition of by-products of rambutan through commodity chain approach in Thailand

Urban consumers

Rural farmers

“Commodity chain concept”

Valued added local products

Income

Nephalium spp.

Case 4:Value addition of Garcinia cowa through value chain approach in Thailand

Urban consumers

Rural farmers

“Value chain concept”

Valued added local products

Income

Garcinia cowa

Cha muang

Local food culture

Young leaves

Analysis: Understanding of driving forces of good practicesUsing sustainable livelihood framework-Thailand

Livelihood strategies OutcomesLivelihood Assets

Human•Training on value addition•Exposure visit

Social• Organizing women groups• Strengthening cooperative

Physical•Canning facilities•Cooperative shop and OTOP

Baseline

Financial• Saving and credits• Incentive mechanism• Link to markets

Natural•Garcina young leaves•Home gardens/ SCO

Commercialization of local food culture

Value addition of local products(canned) and marketing

Income increasedAwareness enhancedDiversity conservedStakeholders benefitsPartnership developed

Impact

What are criteria for GPD selection?

• represent one target taxon (species)• At least represent one per key focus areas• Practices currently used by farmers with scope of

potential spread and scale up/out• At least relevant to more than two countries• Scope of immediate impact-2-3 years?• Low cost, practical, sustainable

Selection criteria for regional GPD

CriteriaCriteriaGood practicesGood practices

Home gardensHome gardens Diversity fairDiversity fair Value addition of cowaValue addition of cowa

Scale and scopeScale and scope > million land scare poor > million land scare poor farmers, mostly farmers, mostly concentrated in LDC and concentrated in LDC and South Asia and SEASouth Asia and SEA

> X million > X million population population across worldacross world

> Few thousands > Few thousands population, mostly population, mostly concentrated in the KB concentrated in the KB province region; limited province region; limited scopescope

Relevance and Relevance and alignmentalignment

Directly supports TFT’s Directly supports TFT’s strategic goal, objectives strategic goal, objectives and outcome and and outcome and complements MDG #XX, complements MDG #XX, PRS XX and national PRS XX and national agriculture strategy XXagriculture strategy XX

Regardless to Regardless to countries, highly countries, highly relevant to relevant to enhance enhance human, social human, social and natural and natural asstasst

Direct supports all assets Direct supports all assets enhancement of enhancement of livelihoods; leverage chain livelihoods; leverage chain of economic actionsof economic actions

Target speciesTarget species Integrated system Integrated system enhances spp richnessenhances spp richness

All species and All species and intraspecificintraspecific

One spp but translated One spp but translated into other sppinto other spp

Focus areasFocus areas Encompass all focus areaEncompass all focus area Strengthens Strengthens community community capacitycapacity

Market links; address all Market links; address all areasareas

Immediate effectImmediate effect highhigh highhigh More time in new areaMore time in new area

SustainabilitySustainability highhigh highhigh Policy support for driving Policy support for driving GPDGPD

Take home message Good practices innovated and adopted by farming

communities and researchers provide immediate benefits at the community level.

Good practices that support maintenance of genetic diversity is context specific

Good practice in one context might not be the good in other context. Better understanding of driving force and enabling factors needs to be understood.

Successful intervention of good practice requires set of practices based upon holistic and sustainable livelihoods framework

How to disseminate the GDP and scale up?

Key questions to be asked?• Whose lives we would like to change?• What is our impact group?• What is our sub-population of impact group?• What are specific production system?• What are communities, sites, and countries we

could scale up?

IMPACT GROUP (IG): Specific population or group upon which Bioversity’s program aims to have significant and lasting impact

SUB-SET POPULATION OF IG: A disaggregated group included in the IG where program strategies may need to be focused specifically.

TARGET GROUP (TG): A group of people who are deliberately engaged in the program as a means for Bioversity to achieve impact on the intended IG. While the TG’s lives may also be favorably impacted, it is the IG and its sub set populations to whom Bioversity’S commitment is long term and focused.

STAKEHOLDER: Any group of people who may affect (+vely or –vely) or be affected by Bioversity’s program in some way.

EXAMPLE: Farmers in managing rich biodiversity and natural resources

EXAMPLE: Farmers subject to natural hazards resulting from frequent climate variability ; Smallholder female HH with insecure food and nutrition security

EXAMPLE: Local institutions that supports community based organizations and market chain (CBM or SPARC) and links with research and extension system; PGR network; NARS and NGOs, Universities, Megaprogrammes….

EXAMPLE: Donors; Relevant government department/ministries; private sectors……

Defining GPD’s Impact Group

IMPACT GROUPRural poor and marginalized farmers, especially women, who depend primarily on TFT biodiversity and natural resources for their livelihoods.

SUB-SET POPULATION1) Farmers managing rich biodiversity and natural resources2) Farmers dependent on rain-fed, and low external input ecosystem based agriculture3) Farmers subject to natural hazards resulting from frequent climate variability4) Land scarce (0.05ha) and diversity poor farmers5) Farmers in highly food deficit areas of remote mountain ecosystem6) Farmers living in high production potential areas.