Solid Waste Management
Feb 17, 2016
Solid Waste Management
Waste- Definition & ClassificationAny material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor.
Classification• Domestic waste• Factory waste• Waste from oil factory• E-waste• Construction waste• Agricultural waste• Food processing waste• Bio-medical waste• Nuclear waste
Solid Waste
Classification of Wastes• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants
Solid Waste in India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste
• One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest
Growth of Solid Waste In India
• Waste is growing by leaps & bounds
• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2 million to 12.3 million
• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%
• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi
Waste Collection in India
• Primarily by the city municipality-No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets-Collecting glass bottles-Collecting paper for recycling
• MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste Management) vehicle
How solid waste affected us in recent years?• Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage
line due to large no. of plastic bags
• Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due to imported scrap from Iran
• Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to consumption of contaminated foods
• Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the food movement in their stomach
Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
• Industrialised countries have waste management problems
• Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms
• Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries
Philadelphia’s Municipal Waste
• 16 years journey for the cargo ship to eleven countries and four continents
• 25,000 tonnes of flyash came back to Philadelphia’s garbage dump
• Several government refused cargo ships
• In 2002, Cargo ship returned back to US
Major Polluting Industries in India• Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24
million cu m of waste water containing high level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste
• 300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-litres of spend wash per year containing several pollutants
• Thermal power plants discharge huge waste materials
Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
Managing WasteRecycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:-Reduce environmental degradation-Making money out of waste-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling:-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil
Recycling not a solution to all problems!
Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.
Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste• Exchanging output that are considered
waste• Waste of one could be input or raw
material for others• Evolving a closed system- matter & energy
circulate within• System was not designed to be so • The system of exchange evolved in 10
years
Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste
• Education & voluntary compliance
• Collection of waste
• Technological interventions
• Institutions & regulatory framework
• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
• Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute
TERI Projections on Waste Generation In India
French aircraft carrier Clemenceau
http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/ghost-ship-121205
French aircraft carrier Clemenceau• December 12, 2005, Clemenceau, Ghost ship nobody wants• 27,000-ton warship full of asbestos, PCBs, lead, mercury,
and other toxic chemicals• Indian scrapyard of Alang (Bhavnagar district, Gujarat) , a
place where environmental regulations are lax and workers' rights are practically nonexistant
• In most shipbreaking nations proper waste management is absent. There are no rules and regulations. And where rules exist, they're unlikely to be enforced.
• Basel Convention (1989) is an international treaty which prohibits the export of hazardous waste from rich to poor countries
• Greenpeace raised awareness campaigned against the ship in India as well as in France
• French President Chirac has announced a dramatic recall of the asbestos-laden warship Clemenceau
References
• Environmental Studies -R
Rajagopalan
• www.greenpeace.org
• www.teri.res.in
Presentation By Group 13
• Praful Ranjan Roll No.-28• Rajat Kumar Roll No.-33• Rakesh Panda Roll No.-34• Rohit Arya Roll No.-40