Government Latin America. Unitary- a state ruled by one central government Central Governments All power is given to the one branch of government and.

GovernmentLatin America

Unitary- a state ruled by one central government

Central GovernmentsAll power is given to the one branch of government and local governments must follow the central government.

locallocal

locallocal

examples

Cuba Bolivia

True or False: In a unitary government, the national government could remove the governor of a state and pick a new one.

True

Confederation- A system in which regional governments are independent and have more power than the central government.

central

Some countries agree

that they would be better

able to solve problems or

provide help if they

worked together…

Why join a confederacy?They might sign a treaty

or a constitution under

which the countries agree

to defend each other,

trade with each other, use

a common currency, etc.Membership is usually voluntary & a country can decide to leave at any time.

examples

Bolivia, North Peru, and South Peru has a confederacy from 1836 to 1839. It didn’t last long!

NO PRESENT

DAY CONFEDERATE

GOVERNMENTS

IN LATIN

AMERICA

Disadvantages of confederate governments

• Often have little power because a high percentage of members must agree to decisions made.

• Individual countries can veto decisions.

• Changes in the constitution requires all members to agree…takes a long time.

• Confederations generally have a weak central government.

Federal- power is divided and shared between one central, regional, and local governments.

central

examplesMexico

Columbia Venezuela

Argentina Brazil

Facts about federal government

A document (such as a

constitution) may

describe the rights,

responsibilities, and

duties of the central

government & the

states.

Central government can be

powerful, but does not have

the ability to dissolve states

or choose state leaders.

Unitary Confederation Federal

A state ruled by one central government.

Regional governments are independent and have more power than the central government

Power is divided and shared between one central, regional, and local governments.

Central government holds all the power.

Regional ( local )Governments hold most of the power.

Central and local governments share the power.

Set uniform policies for a whole nation. Could make decision- making easy.

Countries can volunteer to be members. Countries agree on common bonds such as currency and trade.

Central and local governments work together. Local governments may still be able to create their own laws and choose their own leaders.

Federal government can appoint a local leader.

Decisions may take too long.Not all countries may agree.

Some state laws may cause conflict.

Definition

Who holds the power?

Advantage

Disadvantage

Citizen participation

What role do citizens play in their governments?

autocracy

Power is in the hands of a single person.

Absolute Power- citizens have no say in the laws. Citizens have no say in who

their leader is.( no elections )

Leaders are most likely chosen though bloodline.

Examples of autocratic governments in latin america

Cuba Fidel Castro ( right ) led Cuba from 1959-2008.

He stepped down due to failing health.

His brother Raul took his place and has been leading the country ever since.

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Leaders are most likely chosen by and within the small group.

Power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.

example

Mexico

Enrique Peña Nieto

Brazil

Dilma Dilma Rousseff

Definition

citizenparticipation

examples

Autocracy Oligarchy DemocracyPower is in the hands of a single person.King/QueenDictatorTyrantDespot

Power is in the hands of a few people.

Power is vested in the people ( citizens ), who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.

Citizens have no say in the government or who becomes leader. ( No elections ). Leaders are chosen by bloodline.

Citizens have no say in the government or who become leader. Laws and leaders are decided among the small group.

Citizen conduct either a direct election or election through representatives. They also have a say in their government.

Cuba No known oligarchic governments. Many industries and corporations are run in an oligarchic system.

Brazil and Mexico

DIRECTAka- pure

democracyPeople vote

directly for a leader or a law.

Most common in smaller populated countries.

Examples:None in Latin America

REPRESENTATIVE People vote on

leaders and laws through a representative.

Used in large populated countries.

Examples:All democratic countries in Latin America

Two types of democracy

Presidentiala head of

government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. 

Two types of Representative democracy

executive legislature

Citizens- through a representative

elect elect

President

Parliamentary

Two types of Representative democracy

executive

legislature

Citizens

elect

a system of government where power lies with the legislative body and the leader of the country is part of the legislature.

Prime Minister

The party with the most representatives elects

Presidential Chief Executive Head of State NOT HEAD OF LEGISLATURE Elected by citizens through

representative. President

Parliamentary Chief Executive NOT HEAD OF STATE Head of Legislature Elected by majority party in

Legislature who were elected by citizens.

Prime Minister

Compare and contrast

Examples in latin america

Blue- Presidential Democracies

Red- Parliamentary Democracies

What do the red countries have in common?

Democracy

Direct Representative

Presidential Parliamentary

Economics

Study of how societies decide: What to produce. How to produce it. How to

distribute what they produce.

Factors of Production

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services.

Natural Resources

Gifts of nature that make production possible.

http://www.idahoforests.org/wood_you.htm

Scarcity

There are a limited amount of goods and services that are available to meet unlimited wants.

Trade

Exchange of goods and services.

Specialization

When people, businesses, regions, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they

can produce better than anyone else. They trade with countries that cannot make or provide that product. In return, they will receive products they cannot make or provide for themselves.

Import/Export

Import- Goods and services bought domestically but produced in other countries.

Export

Goods and Services sold to other countries.

Traditional Economy

The customs and habits of the past are used to decide what will be produced, how it will be produced, distributed and consumed.

Jobs are handed down from generation to generation.

Examples:

FarmersHuntersGatherersCraftsmen- potter, blacksmith, cooper, shearer, tanner.

Command Economy

Government planning groups make the basic economic decisions.

Government decides: What to produce How to produce Who to produce for. Prices. WagesGovernment owns and controls all factories, farms and businesses

Market Economy

Individual buyers and sellers determine.

What is produced How its produced Who to produce for. Individuals and corporations

own the businesses and competition determine prices and wages.

Examples: Mexico Brazil United States

Mixed economy

Almost all countries have characteristics of traditional, market and command economies.

Example Most countries have small

communities that barter and create their own products.

Most countries have individuals creating their own businesses and controlling their productions, distibutions and consumptions.

Most countries have their government create laws to protect both businesses and individuals.

Who owns businesses and farms?

Brazil Private citizens

and corporations. Government owns

the country’s steel industry.

Cuba Government owns

most of the businesses.

Very few farms are privately owned.

Who decides what to produce and how much to produce?Brazil Private citizens

and corporations.

Cuba Government

planners.

Who decides how goods and services will be produced?Brazil Private citizens

and corporations.

Cuba Government

planners.

Who decides on distribution methods for goods and services?Brazil Private citizens

and corporations.

Cuba Government

planners.

Who decides the prices on goods and services?Brazil Buyers an sellers

based on supply and demand.

Cuba Government

planners.

How are property rights protected?

Brazil Laws are in place,

but a poor court system is a problem for protecting property rights.

Cuba Since judges and

courts are controlled by the central government, very few ( if any ) property rights are allowed.

How difficult is it to start your own business?Brazil It’s a time-

consuming process. It could take months.

Cuba Very little private

ownership is allowed.

Trade barriers

What countries may do to limit trade.

Why would a country want to limit trade?

Tariff- a tax on imports

quota- specific limit placed on the number of imports that may enter a country

Embargo- a government order stopping trade with another country.