GOVERNMENT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN … · ALLIED ZOOLOGY course I BIOLOGY OF INVERTEBRATES AND CHORDATES UNIT I: Systematic position and Detailed study of Paramoecium, Obelia, Faciola hepatica

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS)- KUMBAKONAM

B.Sc., ZOOLOGY – COURSE STRUCTURE

(For Candidates To Be Admitted From The Academic Year 2008-2009 Onwards)

Semester Course Title Exam

Hours

Instruction

Hours

Credit Total

I Part – I Language Tamil 3 6 3 100

Part – II Language English 3 6 3 100

Part – III – Core Course –I

Invertebrata theory

3 6 4 100

Part – III – Core Course II

Invertebrata and Chordata practical

- 2 - -

Part – III – Allied course I –

Zoology for Chemistry – Theory

3 4 3 100

Part – III – Allied course I –

Zoology for Chemistry – Practical

- 2 - -

Part – IV –Value Based Education

Manavalakalai Yoga

3 2 2 100

Part – IV – Skill Based Education

Spoken English

3 2 2 100

TOTAL 30 17 600

II Part – I Language Tamil 3 6 3 100

Part – II Language English 3 6 3 100

Part – III – Core Course –II

Invertebrata and Chordata practical

3 2 4 100

Part – III – Core course III

Chordata Theory

3 5 4 100

Part – III – Allied course II –

Zoology for chemistry - Practical

3 2 3 100

Part – III – Allied course III –

Zoology for Chemistry – Theory

3 5 4 100

Part – IV – Skill Based Education 3 2 2 100

Environmental Studies 3 2 2 100

TOTAL 30 25 800

Head of the Department of Zoology

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN(AUTONOMOUS) -

KUMBAKONAM

B.Sc., ZOOLOGY – COURSE STRUCTURE UNDER AUTONOMOUS

(For Candidates Admitted For The Academic Year 2009-2010 onwards)

Semester Sub

code

Title of the paper Hrs Credits Total

III Part I Language Tamil 6 3 100

Part II Language English 6 3 100

Part III Core course IV Cell Biology

Theory

5 4 100

Part III Core course V Cell Biology &

Physiology Practical

3 - -

Part III Allied course IV Theory Botany 4 4 100

Part III Allied course V Practical Botany 2 - -

Part IV Skill Based course 2 2 100

Part IV non Elective course public health

& Hygine

2 2 100

TOTAL

30 18 600

IV Part I Tamil 6 3 100

Part II English 6 3 100

Part III Core course V Practical (Cell

Biology & physiology)

3 4 100

Part III Core course VI Theory physiology 5 4 100

Part III allied course V Botany practical 2 3 100

Part III allied course VI Theory Botany

Theory

4 3 100

Part IV skilled based 2 2 100

Part IV Non Elective course Aquaculture 2 2 100

TOTAL

30 24 800

Government College for Women (Autonomous) – Kumbakonam

B.Sc., ZOOLOGY – COURSE STRUCTURE UNDER AUTONOMOUS

For Candidates Admitted For The Academic Year 2007-2010 (120 credits)

SE

M SUB CODE TITLE OF THE PAPER

HR

S CREDITS TOTAL

V ZC507 Core course VII Evolution 6 4 100

ZC508

Core course VIII Environmental

Biology 6 4 100

ZC509

Core course IX Biophysics & Bio

statistics 7 4 100

ZC610P3

Core course X Evolution, EB,

Biophysics & Bio statistics practical 3 - -

ZC611P4

Core course XI DB, Biotech, Micro

biology practical 3 - -

Z5EC3

Elective course III - Basic Medical

knowledge 5 3 100

TOTAL 30 15 400

VI ZC610P3 Core course X Practical I 6 4 100

ZC611P4 Core course XI Practical II 6 4 100

ZC612

Core course XII Developmental

Biology 7 4 100

ZC613 Core course XIII Biotechnology

ZC614 Core course XIV Microbiology

Z6EC4 Elective course IV – Aquaculture 5 3 100

TOTAL 30 23 600

I – SEMESTER

Core course I – INVERTEBRATA

UNIT – I: Classification of major phyla of Invertebrata upto class level, and their salient

features with suitable examples.

Phylum – Protozoa

Detailed study – Paramecium

General topics: 1. Protozoan parasites

2. Locomotion in Protozoa

UNIT – II: Phylum – Porifera and coelenterata

Detailed study – Sycon and Aurelia

General topics: 1. Canal system in Porifera

2. Polymorphism in hydrozoa

3. Coral and coral reefs

UNIT – III: Phylum: Platyhelminthes and Aschelminthes

Detailed Study – Liver fluke.

General topics: 1.Parasitic adaptations in helminthes.

2. Human Nematode parasites

UNIT – IV: Phylum Annelida: and Arthropoda

Detailed study – Leech and Prawn

General topics: 1. Metamerism in Annelida

2. Excretory organs in Annelida

3. Larval forms in crustacea

UNIT – V: Phylum Mollusca and Echinodermata

Detailed study: - Pila and starfish

General topics: 1. Torsion in gastropoda;

2. Cephalopods as advanced invertebrates

3. Larval forms of echinoderms.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Ekambaranatha Iyer and T. Nananthakrishnan. 1992 A manual of zoology vol 1

(Invertebrata) part 1 and 2 Viswanathan & co.

2. Barrington E.J.W 1979. Invertebrates structure and function 2nd

edn.ELBS and

Nelson.

3. Jordon E.Z. and P.S. Verma 1995 Invertebrate zoology 12th

ed. Sultan chand and

co.

4. Kotpal R.L.,(All series) Protozoa Porifera Coelenterata Aannelida, Arthropoda,

Mollusca and Echinidermata – Rastogi publications.

5. Barnes. R.D.1982 Invertebrata zoology 4th

edn. Holt saunders international edn.

6. Hyman, L.H. 1940-1995. The invertebrates volume 1 to 4 Mc graw hill book co.

ALLIED ZOOLOGY course I

BIOLOGY OF INVERTEBRATES AND CHORDATES

UNIT I:

Systematic position and Detailed study of Paramoecium, Obelia, Faciola hepatica

UNIT II:

Systematic position and Detailed study of Earthworm and Prawn

UNIT III:

Systematic position and Detailed study of Fresh water mussel and Sea star.

UNIT IV:

Systematic position and Detailed study of Shark- Morphology – Placoid scale,

digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, urinogenital system and

brain of Shark, Frog detailed study of all system(Exclusive of Endoskeleton.

Systematic position and Morphology and Urinogenital system of Calotes.

UNIT V:

Systematic position and morphology, feathers, Digestive system, Respiratory

system of Pigeon. Systematic position, Morphology and all systems of Rabbit

exclusive of Rabbit exclusive of Endoskeleteon.

Reference:

1. Outlines of Zoology – M. Ekambaranatha Ayyar- Viswanathan Publication.

2. A Manual of Zoology, Vol 1 & 2 M.E.K. Ayyar – Viswanathan

3. Invertebrate Zoology – E.L. Jordan – S. Chand and Co.,

4. Chordate Zoology – E.L.Jordan – S. Chand and Co.,

II – SEMESTER

Core course II – CHORDATA

UNIT-I: Sub Phylum: Prochordata

Systematic position & Detailed study: Ascidian, and Amphioxus,

(Exclusive of endoskeleteon)

General topic: 1. Origin of Chordates.

2. Affinities of Prochordates

UNIT-II: Class: Pisces

Systematic position & Detailed study: Scoliodon. (Exclusive of

endoskeleteon)

General topics: 1. Accessory respiratory organs in fishes

2. Parental care in fishes

3. Migration in fishes

UNIT – III: Class: Amphibia

Systematic position & Detailed study – Frog (Inclusive of endoskeleteon)

General topics: 1. Parental care in Amphibia

UNIT – IV: Class: Reptilia

Systematic position & Detailed study – Calotes (Exclusive of

endoskeleteon)

General topics: 1. Identification of poisonous snakes

2. Poison apparatus and biting mechanism

UNIT-V: Class: Aves and Mammalia

Systematic position & Detailed study: Pigeon and Rabbit(Exclusive of

endoskeleteon)

General topics: 1. Migration in birds

2. Aquatic mammals

3. Dentition in mammals

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ekambaranatha Iyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishanan 1992 A manual of zoology

volume 2 chordata Viswanathan & co,

2. Dhami, D.S and J.K. Dhami 1978. Chordate zoology R. Chand and co.

3. Jordon, E.L., and P.S. Verma 1995. Chordate zoology and elements of animal

physiology. S. Chand and co. Muthukumarasamy, P and K. Palanivel 1990.

Thandudaiya vilangugal. BARD

Core course III – INVERTEBRATA & CHORDATA PRACTICAL

INVERTEBRATA:

Dissections: 1. Earthworm – nervous system, Digestive system

2. Pila – Digestive system and nervous system

Mountings: 1. Earthworm – body setae and pineal setae.

2. Prawn – appendages.

3. Radula mounting

4. Mouthparts of Housefly/Honeybee

Spotters:

1. Protozoa: Paramecium, Paramecium conjugation, Paramecium binary

fission.

2. Porifera: Sponge, Sponge spicules, Sponge Gemmule

3. Coelenterata: Obelia entire, Physalia, Porbita, Sea anemone, Aurelia,

Madrepora, Fungia.

4. Platyhelminthes: Liver fluke, Tape worm, Tape worm scolex, Planaria.

5. Nemathelminthes: Ascaris(male and female), Enterobius.

6. Annelida: Nereis, Nereis Parapodium, Heteronereis, Cheatopterus, Leech.

7. Arthropoda: Prawn, Nauplius larva, Zoea larva, Mysis Larva, Limulus,

Bombyx mori, Honeybee, Peripatus, Scolopendra.

8. Mollusca: Pila, Mytilus, Chiton, Dentalium, Sepia, Octopus.

9. Echinodermata: Starfish, Pedicellaria, Sea urchin, Bipinnaria larva,

Aristotle’s lantern, Ophiuroid.

CHORDATA:

Dissections: Frog/ calotes – digestive and nervous system using video clippings.

Rat – demonstration of digestive, arterial, venous & urino genital systems

using video clippings.

Mountings: 1. Placoid/ Ctenoid scales.

Spotters: 1. Prochordata: Amphioxus, Ascidian, Tornaria larva

2. Pisces: Shark, Clarius, Echeneis, Hippocampus, Eel, Exocoetus, and

Gambusia.

3. Amphibia: Alytes,. Axolotl larva, Hyla, Salamander, Ichtyophis

4. Reptilia: Naja naja, Viper, Draco, Chelone mydas

5. Aves: Pigeon, Quill feather

6. Mammalia: Bat, Rabbit

7. Dentition: Rabbit, Dog and Man

8. Osteology: Frog pectoral pelvic girdles, forelimb and hindlimb bones

Students will be introduced to learning of dissections/ anatomy adapting CDs/ web

sources

AZC II – GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ZOOLOGY

UNIT – I:

Physiology: Respiration – Respiratory pigments and transport of gases.

Mechanism of blood clotting

Types of excretory products, Ornithine cycle.

Metabolism – Biological oxidation, Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative

phosphorylation

UNIT – II:

Genetics and Evolution:

Quantitative inheritance – inheritance of skin colour and height.

Human Genome Project.

Evolution: Biological and cultural evolution of man.

UNIT – III:

Developmental Biology: Fertilization, cleveage, gastrulation in frog, development of eye.

Immunology – Types of immunity – innate acquired lymphoid organs – A brief account

on humoral and cell mediated immune response.

UNIT – IV:

Molecular Biology – DNA as the genetic material, structure of DNA and RNA, genetic

code, protein synthesis.

Recombinant DNA Technology – cloning.

UNIT – V:

Structure of Bacteria and bacteriophage.

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment and control measures of AIDS

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment and control measures of leprosy.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Lehniger L., 1990 Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman & Co.,

2. Hoar W.S. 1983. General and Comparitive physiology. Prentice Hall of India.

3. David Freidfelder, Molecular biology II nd ed., Narosa publishing house

4. Balinsky, B.I. 1981. An introduction to embryology. W.B. Saunders Company

Philadelphia

5. Michael J. Pelczar, JR E.C.S Chan Noel R. Krieg Microbiology Vth Ed. Tata Mc

Graw- Hill Publishing Company limited.

6. Gupta P.K – Elements of Biotechnology

7. Goldsky etal, Kuby immunology, W.H. Freeman publication company.

ALLIED ZOOLOGY COURSE III – PRACTICAL

1. DISSECTIONS

Earthworm: Nervous system

2. MOUNTINGS

Earthworm : Body and penial setae

Honey Bee : Mouth parts

Shark : Placoid scales

3. SPOTTERS

Amoeba, Paramoecium, Sponge, Obelia colony, Sea anemone,

Ascaris, Faciola hepatica, Taenia solium, Earthworm, Nereis,

Leech, Prawn, Fresh water mussel, Pila, Star fish,

Amphioxus, Shark, Frog, Calotes, Pigeon, Rabbit.

4. Qualitative test for ammonia, urea and uric acid.

5. Normal human karyotype of Female & male

6. Frog Egg, Blastula and Gastrula

7. DNA model

8. Simple staining of microbes.

III SEMESTER

Core course IV CELL BIOLOGY

UNIT I:

The cell- Definition, cell theory, types of cells, size, shape, volume, number.

Detailed study of cell structure. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells – Microscopy – simple,

compound, binocular, phase contrast & Electron microscope. Cell fractionation –

Centrifuge – Electrophoresis.

UNIT II:

Cytoplasm – Compostion, physicochemical, properties of cytoplasm – ultra

structure & models of plasma membrane – physiology of plasma membrane.

UNIT III:

Detailed study of structure and functions of cell organelles – Endoplasmic

reticulam, ribosomes – mitochondria – Lysosome – Golgi complex.

UNIT IV:

Interphase nucleus – structure & functions of nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm,

nucleolus, chromatin. Chromosomes – structure and function, chemical composition of

chromosomes – giant chromosomes.

UNIT V:

Cell cycle – cell division – cell growth; Aging – Cancer –Effect of radiation on

cell.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. De Roberties, E.D.P and E.M.F De

Roberties 1987 cell and molecular biology

2. Powr, C.B., 1989. Essentials of cytology.

Himalaya publishing house.

3. Verma, P.S and Agarwal, 1985, Cytology, S.

Chznd & Co.,

III SEMESTER

Part IV – Non Elective Course -I

PUBLIC HEALTH AND GYGIENE

(For non-Zoology students)

Objective of the course: To educate create awareness about the importance of

personal hygiene and their impact on individual community health for non biology

students

UNIT I:

Introduction to health and hygiene – Types of health, hygiene and disease

UNIT II:

Epidemiology of communicable diseases – air borne (small pox, tuberculosis)

food and water borne diseases (food poisoning, amoebiasis) zoonoses (leptospirosis)

arthropod borne (filariasis)

UNIT III:

Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases – cancer, diabetes

UNIT IV:

Individual health – nutritional requirements (balanced diet, malnutrition) mental

health, personal hygiene, hazards of drugs, tobacco and alcohol.

UNIT V:

Community health – environment, housing plan, occupational health hazards,

family planning, maternity and child care, health education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

K. PARK – Textbook of Social and Preventive medicines.

Core course V – CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS

CELL BIOLOGY:

1. Operation of compound and dissection microscopes

2. Spotters – Epithelial, muscular, vascular and nervous tissues.

3. Spotters: centrifuge, camera Lucida

4. Preparation and observation of squamous epithelial smear

5. Onion root tip- Squash preparation and study of mitotic stages.

6. Cell size measurement using micrometer.

PHYSIOLOGY:

1. Salivary amylase activity of human saliva in relation to Temperature.

2. Enumeration of RBC

3. Enumeration of WBC

4. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates proteins, and lipids.

5. Haemoglobinometer, kymograph, Sphygmomanometer(spotters)

6. Models of hemoglobin and ATP

7. Qualitative tests for NH3,Urea,Uric acid

IV SEMESTER

Core course V- PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT I:

Food & Nutrition: Physiological importance of carbohydrates, proteins, Lipids,

Vitamins & minerals – Balanced diet – malnutrition.

Digestion: Feeding mechanisms – microphages, macrophages – liguid feeders – Types of

digestion, mechanism of Digestion, Absorption & assimilation in man.

UNIT II:

Respiration: Respiratory pigments in animals, Transport of O2 &CO2 in man – Control

of respiration.

Circulation: Composition of blood, function, Clotting, Working of Heart – Properties of

Heart muscles – Heart Beat – Control of heart.

UNIT III:

Lymphatic system: Immunity – Types of Immunity – types of Lymphoid organs –

Lymphoid organs – Function – Organization, Lymphoid cells, Antigen – Antibody –

Structure & types, Antigen – antibody reaction – Immune Response.

Muscles: Types of muscles – Ultra structure of skeletal muscle – properties – Mechanism

of muscle contraction – sliding filament theory.

UNIT IV:

Excretion :Types of excretion – Excretory products – Excretion in man – structure of

kidney, nephron. Mechanism of urine formation – Regulation of urine formation.

Osmoionic regulation: Euryhaline, stenohaline, Osmoregulators & Osmoconformers –

Osmoregulation in freshwater, marine and terrestrial animals.

Reproduction: Types of reproduction – Reproduction in man – Primary & secondary

sexual characters – Male and female reproductive system – Reproductive cycle –

Hormonal control

UNIT V:

Nervous system: Types of neuron – structure of neuron – conduction of nerve impulse –

reflex action. Neurotransmitters.

Receptors: Types of receptors- structure of photo and phono receptors.

Hormones: Endocrine glands – pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, Islets of Lanerhans,

adrenal, sex glands, thymus, pineal gland – chemical nature of hormones – mechanism of

action – pheromones.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Textbook of Medical physiology. Guyton and Hall, IX Ed WB. Saunders

Publication

2. Hoar W.S. 1983. General and Comparative physiology. Prentice Hall of India.

3. Harper, H.A. 1993. Review of Physiological chemistry. Muruzen Asian Ed.

PART IV – NON – ELECTIVE COURSE –II

AQUACULTURE

UNIT I:

Importance of aquaculture – Scope for aquaculture in India – construction &

Management of fish pond.

UNIT II:

Cultivable species of fish, Types of farming: extensive, intensive and semi intensive

culture. Integrated farming. Induced breeding.

UNIT III:

Culture of common carp species – catla, Rohu, Mirgal: Freshwater prawn culture,

ornamental fish culture – preparation and maintanence of home aquaculture – Gold fish,

Angal, Guppy.

UNIT IV:

Types of feed: feeding schedule. Fish disease management: Common bacterial and viral

diseases – their symptoms and treatment(any three in each)

UNIT V:

Harvesting and transport – Marketing: Marketing the fish to local markets and for export.

Quality control and norms of MPEDA for export of fishes. Fish processing – Canning

And Freezing.

Reference

1. Bardach, J.E. RYTHER and W.O.McLarrey. 1972. Aquaculture: The farming

and husbandry of frehwater and marine organisms. Wiley interscience.

2. Jhinngran, V.G., 1982. Fish and fisheries of India.

3. Pillai, T.V.R., 1988. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. Fishing News

Books.

4. Ramasamy, P., 1992. Diseases of shrimps in aquaculture systems. Vanitha

Publications.

5. Santhanam, R., 1987, Fisheries Science. Daya Publishing House.

6. Santhanam, R., 1992. A Manual of Freshwater Aquaculture. Oxford & I.B.H.

7. Santhanakumar, G.and M. Selvaraj 1993. Concepts of Aquaculture. Meenam

Publications.

8. Shanmugam, K., 1982. Fishery Biology and Aquaculture. Leo Pathippagam.

9. The Water Base Ltd., 1994. Prawn Farming Manual. The Waterbase.

10. Vijayaraman, K, George John, Sivakumar, P and Rafi Mohamed, R. 1999.

Nanneer Eral Valarpu – A Manual. Tamilnadu State Council for Science and

Technology.

V – SEMESTER Core course VII – Evolution

UNIT –I: Theories of Origin of life – abiogenesis, biogenesis, cosmozoic theory, special

creation theory, organic evolution theory..

UNIT-II: Theories of evolution - Lamarckism, neo Lamarckism, Darwinism, neo

Darwinism, De Vries theory of mutation and Modern synthetic theory of evolution

Unit – III

Evidences of evolution – patterns of evolution – convergent, divergent, straight-line evolution. Polymorphism, Geological time scale.

Unit – IV

Speciation – types, factors influencing speciation, Isolating mechanisms, Mimicry and coloration. Fossils and fossilization

Unit – V

Animal distribution, Evolution of horse and man.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Darwin, C 1872, The Orgin of specis, Grolier Enterprises Corp, USA. 2. SAVAGE, G.M ., 1979. evolution, CMS Printing press.

3. Rastogi, VB, 1985. Organic Evolution, Kedarnath and Ramnath press

4. Strickberger, M.W. 2000, Evolution, Jones and Barlett Publishers.

Core course XII - DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Unit I

Historical perspective - aim and scope of Developmental Biology, Gametogenesis

spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Vitellogenesis, egg membranes.

Unit II:

Fertilization – sperm –egg interactions – biochemical events, Post fertilization event,

parthenogenesis.

Unit III:

Types of animal eggs, Types and patterns of Blastulation and gastrulation in Amphioxus,

frog and chick. Cell Lineage, fate maps. Extra - embryonic membranes in Chick, types and

physiology of placenta in mammals.

Unit IV:

Competance, determination, differentiation –Primary Organizer concept, induction and

its mechanism of action, morphogenetic movements in frog, Organogenesis of brain, heart

kidney, eye and ear.

Unit V:

Regeneration in invertebrates and vertebrates, Metamorphosis, Influence of hormones on

metamorphosis of insects and amphibians.

REFERENCE

1.Balinsky,Introduction to Embryology

2.Berril,N.j.,Developmental Biology.

3.Davenport,An outline of animal development.

4.Subramaniyan,T.,Developmental Biology (Narosa Publishing house).

5.Verma, P.S.,Chordate Embryology

6.Waddington, C.H.,Principles of Embryology

7.Huttner,A.F.,Fundamentals of Comparative embryology of vertebrates.

CORE COURSE –IX GENETICS

Unit : 1

Mendelian genetics , Interaction of genes – complementary , supplementary ,

inhibitory & lethal, Multiple alleles –ABO blood group system.

Unit:2

Linkage and crossing ocer ,chromosaomal maps . Sex determination, sex linked

inheritance Extra chromosomal inheritance.

Unit : 3

Gene mutation, chromosomal aberration- Structural & numerical. Genes in

population : Hardy Weinberg principle – Factors affecting Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium

.

Unit : 4

DNA as the genetic material- Gene concept, Gene expression and regulation

operon model in prokaryotes ,Lac operon Model .

Unit :5

Human genetics, karyotope , pedigree analysis –Autosomal & Sex chromosoma,

syndromes in man ; Inborn errors of metabolism , single cell disease , Eugeneics &

Human betterment .

Reference Books

1. Winchester A. Genetrics , Oxford & IBH Pubications

2. Sinnot Durn & Dobzhansky, principle of generics –Mx Graw Hill Co, London.

3.Eldern J. Gardner – Principles of Generics – Wiley Eatern Publication

4. Veer Bala Rastogi , A text bool of Generticsd – Kerdarnath Rammnath

Pubication

5.Verma, P.S and V. K Agarwal . 1997 Genetics S.Chand & Co. New Delhi

Elective course –I

BIO STATISTICS

UNIT :1

Biostatistics Introduction Definition and scope – collection of data – primary and

secondary data, type of sampling random and stratified.

UNIT :2

Processing of data- classification and tabulation of data.

UNIT: 3

Organization of data presentation of data – Diagrammatic and geographical

UNIT: 4

Measure of central tendency –mean, median, mode , Measures of dispersion SD ,

SE variance & cumulate variance.

UNIT : 5

Common statistical tools: Chi square test, test of significance – ANOVA – One

way Correlation & Regression ,SPSS in brief.

Refrence Books:

1. Arora , P.N. 1998 Bio Statistics , Himalaya Publishing House

2. Ramakrishnan , P . 1996 Bio statistics saras publications Nagercoil

3. Sokal R. J . and Rohlf .S.J 1981 Introduction to Biostatistics , W.H Freeman .

London

4. Zar , J.H. Biostatistician analysis .1986 Mc Graw Hill ,London

Elective Course – II

BIO CHEMISTRY

UNIT : 1

Introduction , Definition , and Historical survey – Water – Physical properties –

Structure & role of Water in life- PH & Buffers – Biological buffer systems.

UNIT :2

Biomolecules – structure and classification of carbohydrates – Meyabolism –

Clycolysis, Glycogenolysis – TCA cycle & Oxidative phosphorylation

UNIT :3

Structure & classification of amino acids & proteins – Protein configuration –

Primary , Secondary , Tertiary , Quaternary .

UNIT :4

Structure & Classification – Fattyacids anf Lipids – Metabolism -oxidation,

Structure of DNA & RNA - Structure of nitrogenous of insulin.

UNIT : 5

Biochemistry of Enzymens & Characteristics, Three dimensional structure of

Lysozyme- Classification of Hormones – Structure of insulin.

Reference of Books:

1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry . J.L. Jain , Sunjay Jain & Nithay Jain – Chand

Publications.

2. Fundamental of Biochemistry . J.L Jain

3. Fundamental of Biochemistry for Medical students – Ambika , Shanmugam.

4. Text Books of Bio Chemistry – Abraham Mazur , Benhamin harrow

5. Harper’s Biochemistry – rabert , K .Murry

6. Principles of biochemistry – Lehniger.

CC VIII - ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

UNIT I:

Environmental biology – definition, scope, branches, Abiotic factors: water, soil, temperature, light. Biotic factors – Animal relationship – symbiosis ,

commensalisms, mutualism, antagonism, antibiosis, parasitism, predation, competition.

UNIT II:

Ecosystem: Definition, A typical ecosystem: pond ecosystem, primary production, secondary production, food chains, food web, trophic levels,

energy flow, pyramids of biomass, pyramids of energy – biogeo chemical cycle – nitrogen and phosphorus.

UNIT III:

Community ecology: Types and characteristics – stratification – community

interdependence – ecotone – edge effect – ecological niche – ecological succession.Population ecology: Definition, density, estimation, natality,

mortality, age distribution, age pyramids, population growth, population equilibrium, biotic potential, dispersion, dispersal, regulation of size.

UNIT IV:

Biodiversity: Definition, types, values of bio diversity, India as a mega diversity nation – Hot spots of India

Wild life resources conservation and management, animal diversity policies and acts in India.

UNIT V:

Environmental pollution – types – sources, effects, Air, Water, Land, Noise, Thermal – pesticide radioactive, green jouse effect, ozone and its importance,

global warming, acid rain, bio accumulation, bio magnification – biological control.Principals of environmental impact assessment and environmental

monitoring.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Odum E.P 1971 Fundamentals of ecology W.B Saunders

Company,Philadelpnia. 2. Kendeigh S.C1961 Animal ecology,Prentice Hall.

3. Clarks GL 1954 Elements of Ecology ,John Wiley and Sons Newyork.

4. Purohit S.S Shami DH and Agarval A.K 2004-Environmental sciences-A new approach ,Agrobi,Jodhpur.

5. Krishnamurthy K.V 2003,Introduction to Biodiversity Oxford and IBH.

Core course XIV - MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT- I:

History and scope of Microbiology, Characterization, outline classification and identification of microorganisms. General structure of microorganisms

(Bacteria, virus, fungi)

UNIT- II:

Sterilization techniques, culture of bacteria, bacterial growth and

reproduction, pure culture and culture characteristics.

UNIT III:

Microbial genetics: Recombination in bacteria, transformation, conjugation, sexduction, recombination in bacteriophage, transduction, lytic and

lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage.

UNIT-IV:

Food microbiology: food poisoning, food spoilage, food preservation. Industrial microbiology: Production of antibiotics (penicillin) production of

lactic acid, Alcohol fermentation (methanol), Soil Microbiology: Role of soil microbes in Nitrogen fixation.

UNIT- V:

Medical microbiology: Host – Microbes Interaction, The process of infection,

Bacterial diseases- tuberculosis and leprosy. Viral diseases - AIDS and polio. Fungal diseases - mycoses and mycotoxicoses. (Causative organisms,

symptoms, impact on the host and control measures)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Michael J. Pelczar, JR E.C.S Chan Noel R. Krieg Microbiology Vth ed. Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing company limited.

2. Ananthanarayanan-Text book of microbiology, Orient Longmen. 3. Lansing M. Press Cott, John P.Harley Donald Arlein ,WCB Mc Graw

Hill Publications. 4. L.E. Casida JR-Industrial microbiology –New age international

Delhi publications. 5. Microbial genetics - David Freifelder- Narosa Publishing house.

CORE COURSE X –

Evolution, Genetics, Developmental Biology

Practical

EVOLUTION

Animals of evolutionary significance – Peripatus , Archeopteryx

Homologous organ – forelimb modification

Analogous organ – wing modification

Coloration-Chameleon, Glycodon, Krait

Mimicry – Leaf insect, stich insect, Monarch and Viceroy butterfly.

GENETICS

Recording of mendellian traits in man

Drosophila – genetic , culture , mutants, male and female identification

Pedigree Analyis –human karyotype , DNA Model

ABO – Blood groping

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Examination of Prepared microslides to study the following Frog :egg ,

cleavage , blastrulla, yolk plug stage.

Chick – egg, developments stages 24,48,72

2. Placenta types

CORE COURSE XI - Environmental Biology, Microbiology and Biotechnology

practical

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Estimation of dissolved O2

2. Estimation of Salinity

3. Estimation of carbon dioxide in water

4. Estimation of Marine Plankton

4. Spotters: Animals association,

5. Inter tidal fauna- Rocky, sandy & muddy shores any four examples in each

category.

6. PH meter, secchi disc. Six’s macimum & minimum thermomether , Barameter

Aygrometer

Bio Technology

DNA Isolation euklaryotes -Onion (demonstration only)

Spotters Models of PCR, Southern blotting , vectors

Microbiology

Fixing and staining of Bacteria.

Demonstration of sterilization Procedure

Motility of bacterial cells

Serial dilution techniques , pour plate techniques

Spotters: Autoclave, Petriplate, bacteria , T 4 Bactriphage , Micropipette,

Inoculation loop.

Core course XIII - BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I: Biotechnology : Scope and importance. Genetic Engineering : Gene cloning : isolation of desired DNA – insertion of DNA into vector – introducing rDNA into host – identification, selection and expression of cloned DNA. Tools of genetic engineering : enzymes – vectors – transposons. Gene manipulation in Eukaryotes : Agrobacterium as natural genetic engineer. Transgeneic animals and plants. Site directed mutagenesis : UNIT II: Molecular probes : southern, Northern and Western blotting Gene bank and libraries. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Immunotecnology : Monoclonal

Antibodies : production – uses. Vaccines production. Application of biotechnology in medicine : hormones, gene therapy, grafting, fertility control, foetus sexing, forensic medicine. UNIT III: Industrial biotechnology: fermentation: fermenter , types – process of fermentation : upstream and downstream. Stemcell technology & Knockout gees. UNIT IV: Agricultural Biotechnology : biofertilizers : microbes as biofertilizers, culture methods: Single cell Protein; Biopesticides. Application of biotechnology in agriculture and environment. UNIT V: Enzyme Biotechnology : extraction ; preparation ; purification of enzyme : Immuobilization of enzymes : method, types and uses. Basic ideas about protein Genomics. Biotechnology and future: patenting and ethical concerns.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Balasubramania,D., 1996. Concepts in Biotechnology. University

Press (India) Ltd., Hyde 2. Chopra,V.L. and A.Nasim. 1996. Genetic Engineering and

Biotechnology. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi 3. Dharmarajan,M., 1989. Genetic Engineering.S.Viswanathan &

Co., 4. Dubey, R.C., 1995. Text book of Biotechnology.S.Chand&Co., 5. Glick,B.R. , J.J. and Pastemak. 1998 . Molecular Biotechnology.

SSM Press, Washington. 6. Gupta, P.K., 1997. Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi

Publications. Meerut.

ELECTIVE COURSE IV - Basic medical knowledge

Unit I

Basic blood tests - Complete blood count, white blood cell count, differential WBC

Count, RBC count, hematocrit, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, Erythrocyte

sedimentation rate, platelet count - Bleeding time, Clotting time, hemostatis and

coagulation

UNIT II

Chemistry studies - Use of autoanalyser, Blood glucose fasting, post prandial, Glucose

tolerance tests, Blood bilirubin, urea nitrogen, choline esterase, creatinine and uric acid-

thyroid function tests-free Thyroxine T3&T4, TSH, Lipo protein tests- cholesterol, HDL,

LDL, Triglycerides- Enzyme tests: Alanine transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase,

Aspartate Transaminase.

UNIT III

Urine analysis - Routine analysis - urine volume, colour, urine protein, bilirulin,

Urobilinogen - Microscopic examinations - urine RBC & casts, WBC & casts, epithelial

cells and casts, hyaline casts, granular Casts, waxy casts, oval fat bodies and fatty casts,

urine crystals & urine shreds, urine creatinine test, urine pregnancy test.

UNIT IV

Immunodiognostic studies –Bacterial-Tuberculin test, widal test, Dipstick, viral Hepatitis,

HIV, Herpes, parasitic – Amebiasis Autoimmune disease - Rhumatoid arthritis, Immuno

haematology test - Blood groups, ABO and Rh factor.

UNIT V

Radiography – Description & Types of X-rays, CT.Scan, Endoscopy, ultrasound scans,

and MRI scans – Prenatal Diagnosis - Aminiocentosis, Amniotic fluid total volume.

REFERENCE

A Manual of laboratory &diagnostic Tests by Frances

FischbachFifth edition ,Lippincott.

Ditmer WM et al:Pocket Guide to Dignostic Test.Norwalk,

CT,Appleton &Lane,1992.

Fischbach FT:Quick Reference to Common laboratory and

Diagnostic Tests.Philadelphia,JB Lippincott 1995.

Wallach J:Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests,5th

ed,

Boston, little,Bronn&Co,1992.