Governance of Mining in Palawan - SNU of...• Amendments to RA 7942: – Increase the royalty share of IPs – Empower LGUs by transfer of authority in ID ... Governance of Mining

Governance of Mining in Palawan, Philippines:

Collaborative Governance and Sustainability

Sol de Villa B. Rama

• Education• Health• Infrastructure• Livelihood• Social Services

• Utopian• Civic Priority• Economic Priority• Dystopian

• Positive• Negative

Collaborative Governance Framework

Contributionsand Impact

Ecological Outcomes

MINING IN PALAWAN

Collaborative Governance

Process Model

• Problem/Objectives• Methodology• Major Findings• Scenarios• Conclusion/Recommendations• CG Process Framework/Model•Summative Statements

Mining in Palawan

Scenarios

Collaborative Governance Framework

Socio-economic conditionEcological conditionCollaboration/civic capacityMining laws (RA 7942)

Mining CompaniesHost-CommunitiesDENR-MGBPCSDLGUsNGOsIPs

Collaborative GovernanceMMTCommunity MobilizationFormal DialoguesInformal Dialogues

EPEPSDMPDecommissioning Plan

Changes in socio-economic conditionsChanges in ecological conditionsLevel of collaborationLevel of civic capacity

InputProcess Output Outcome

Context

Contributions and Impact

• Education * Contributions *

- Leonides S. Virata Memorial School(open to non-employees)- educational scholarship (3 levels)- books and instructional materials

subsidies- honoraria for para-teachers- Indigenous Learning Systems- Schoolbuildings- “Lakbay Aral” or study tour for

barangay officials

* Impact *

Increased literacy level

Increased student population

Leonides S. Virata Memorial School

Indigenous Learning System

Contributions and Impact

• Health

* Contributions *

- medical outreach program

- provision of ambulance- free hospitalization and

medicines

* Impact *

Decreased mortality

Increased access

Health Clinic

RTNFI Hospital

Contributions and Impact

• Infrastructure(construction) * Contributions *

- construction/repair of road network- day care centers, mosque, church,

school buildings, classrooms, tribal centers, barangay hall, wet and dry market, commissary store

- Gawad Kalinga housing projects

* Impact *

Improved public facilities

Gawad Kalinga Housing Project

Contributions and Impact

• Livelihood

* Contributions *

- hard labor employment- farm tools/equipment distribution- provision of farm tractors and implements- provision of seeds and fertilizers- provision of motorized fishing boats and accessories- provision of seed capital for community cooperatives- establishment of farm and plantation projects- livelihood programs- establishment of Bgy. Berong Livelihood Association- establishment of Berong-Aramaywan Tribal Associatiton- establishment of new businesses

* Impact *

No improvement in economic condition

(income still below the threshold level)

Contributions and Impact

• Social Services

* Contributions *

- provision of service vehicles, tricycles, and communication equipment

- medical outreach program- provision of power generator sets and petromax lighting- financial assistance during festivals- free electric power to public schools, barangay halls, and

chapel- sponsorship of inter-community sports program- military assistance- yearly gift-giving or “Pamaskong Handog ng RTNMC”

* Impact *

Improved way of life

Access to amenities

Ecological OutcomesNegative Ecological Outcome

Bgy. Rio Tuba Bgy. Berong- degradation of the forest- depletion of water supply- solid waste management issue- displacement/placement of IPs

- polluted/contaminated water source- disturbed or destroyed watershed- disturbed/destroyed biodiversity- deforestation

Positive Ecological Outcome- rehab and reforestation- absence of mining disaster- no major negative environmental impact- no air, water pollution

- absence of mining disaster so far- zero incidence of major negative

environmental impact- no water pollution- no air pollution- continuous rehabilitation of mined areas- establishment of water filtration along

waterways- continuous tree planting activities

ScenariosHigh Growth,

Prices and Productivity

Low Growth,Prices and Productivity

HolisticTrustRespect

FragmentedDistrustSelf-interest

Economic Priority UTOPIA

DYSTOPIA Civic Priority

Economic

Performance

Civic Capacity

UTOPIA-”The Best Scenario• Strong economic condition• High level of trust, civic capacity,

collaboration• Cooperation is strong• Engaged stakeholders• Strong commitment to local capacity

building• Broad acceptance

Economic Priority-high economic growth, low Civic Capacity

• Financial prosperity raises, new sense of confidence

• Stakeholders are vigilant and against expansion of new mines

• NGOs and advocacy groups active• Companies “buy local supports” • Growing state of mistrust on government

Civic Priority-low economic growth, high civic capacity

• Difficult economic condition but serves as driver for change

• Public environmental and social concerns remain high• NGOs are influential in raising their points• Possible Closure of mining, devastation of mining

communities• Mining companies approach gov’t for support• Raises concerns for the govt to support• dialogue is open, IPs become active and add support• Govt may offer tax credits to implement

decommissioning plans

Dystopian or the “worst scenario”

• Investors’ interest continues to languish• Leadership is dominated by “old school” thinking• Companies becoming more closed inward-

looking• Demand on funds to restore abandoned mine

sites skyrockets above revenues of existing mine operations

• Dialogues among stakeholders is through the media as accusations

Conclusion

• CG in mining is rhetorical, the true essence of collaboration is absent

• Formal and nonformal dialoguesemerge to bring services to thecommunity as initiated by the miningcompanies but limited to thecompanies’ interests and targets

• Local officials are “free riders” andbecome beneficiaries of miningcompanies, thus, jeopardizing theiroversight function and integrity, failingto assume or explore alternativemethods of delivering basic goodsand services.

• CG offers substantialopportunities for miningstakeholders to interact andaddress common concerns asreflected in the CG Sustainabilityindicators

• In the context of PA, the study wasable to affirm the public’s clamor fora stronger and better governmentservice in terms of employmentopportunities, housing, road network,health care, utilities, education, andenvironmental preservation.

Recommendations

• A constant and genuine dialogues andreporting system among regulatoryagencies and stakeholders

• Amendments to RA 7942:– Increase the royalty share of IPs– Empower LGUs by transfer of authority in ID

and selection process of membership to MMT

-Decommissioning Plan should be implemented half-life of mine

• Other Areas for further Study

• -CG Benchmarking• -Environmental Valuation Studies• -Timeline study on community sustainability indicators

Collaborative Governance PROCESS Model

SUMMATIVE STATEMENT

• Collaboration for mining governanceis a multi-faceted concept andpractice

• CG in mining, is non-exclusionary,and therefore, a responsibility of allstakeholders

• At the heart of effective CG in miningis people’s participation that reflectssense of ownership

• This study proved that whileparticipation is a key ingredient tosuccesful CG, the reality of morepressing needs for survival limits thelevel of participation

• The role of local government in the“steering” process need to be examined asit tends to be biased to more influentialand powerful forces rather than majorityinterest .

• The study revealed that local governmentwas also looking at the immediate incomeor benefit from mining rather than the longterm welfare of communities

• Studying the complexities of CG in miningopens a reexamination of the theory ofpublic administration vis-a-vis actualpractices at the ground level

• In the end, this study enriches the theoryof PA by bringing a deeper understandingon multi-stakeholder accountability, ethno-cultural dimension of public servicedelivery, environmental managementsustainability, and the daunting challengein developing a vigilant society

• The study further exposes the limitationsof: policy, being reduced to a matter ofcomplying rather than empowering;business practices as facilitating ratherthan interfacing; and formal collaborationas limiting rather than encompassing

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