Gothic y

GOTHIC

Introduction

12th century: origin 13th century: developed 14th century until mid 15th century: international Second half of the 15th century: flamboyant

Romanesque “Roman-like” Rounded arches Barrel Vaults Thick Walls

Architecture

Gothic Pointed arches Ribbed Vaults Large windows

Often stained glass Flying Buttresses

Examples Chartres Cathedral Notre Dame

Architecture

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

Slideshow

Gothic architecture

Pointed arch

pillar

Examples

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

Slideshow

Gothic architecture

Pillar

flying buttress

pillar

Examples

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

pillar

Slideshow

Gothic architecture

Flying buttress

flying buttress

Examples

Introduction

Gothic Art is the expression of the new city life

It is going to have two different areas:

Religious Civilian

STONEWORK

BEAUVAIS CATHEDRAL, FRANCE

Cathedral

The cathedral has three levels: low, gallery and clerestory

The walls are open, allowing a lot of light into the church,

Windows can be open because there are new supports that are not glued to the wall.

Gothic architecture

Interior of Reims Cathedral, France

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

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Examples

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FLYING BUTTRESS

REIMS CATHEDRALpointed arch

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

Gothic architecture

Reims Cathedral, FranceNext slide

Examples

GROIN VAULTGROIN VAULT

Cathedral

Façade Lateral façade

Apse

Ambulatory

Radial chapels

CrossingTranseptSpires

Rose window

Flying butresses

Nave

Clerestory Tribune

Gargoiles

Nave

Radiating Chapels

Aisles

Crossing

Choir

Rib vaulting

Ambulatory

Transepts

Transverse vaulting

Gothic architecture

Chartres Cathedral, France

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

Next slide

steeple

pinnacles

The rose window and stained glass windows

allow light to enter..

The central tympanum on the main facade is highly decorated.

main facade

flying buttresses

side door

flying buttress

pillar

Examples

St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c

“Flying” Buttresses

Lincoln Cathedral

GOTHIC TOWER, BRUSSELS

GARGOYLE

Modern gargoyle – Chrysler Building New York

CONCENTRIC CASTLEBEAUMARIS

COBURG - LARGEST

ST. DENIS – THE FIRST GOTHIC

French Gothic• The distinctive characteristic of French

cathedrals, and those in Germany and Belgium that were strongly influenced by them, is their height and their impression of verticality.

• They are compact, with slight or no projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels.

• The west fronts have three portals surmounted by a rose window, and two large towers.

• The east end is polygonal with ambulatory and sometimes a chevette of radiating chapels.

• In the south of France, many of the major churches are without transepts and some are without aisles

NOTRE DAME PARIS

CHATRES CATHEDRAL

CHARTRES – ROSE WINDOW

Chartres CathedralPlan for all Rose Windows

Gothic architecture

Siena Cathedral, Italy

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

Next slide

Examples

Gothic architecture

Interior of León Cathedral

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

Next slide

Examples

Gothic architecture

Seville Cathedral

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

Next slide

Examples

Gothic architecture

Toledo Cathedral

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

Next slide

Examples

Gothic architecture

Burgos Cathedral

pointed arch

Architectural elements

rib vault

flying buttress

pillar

Next slide

Examples

Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

COLOGNE CATHEDRRAL

SAINTE CHAPELLE

SAINTE CHAPELLE

BEAUVAIS CATHEDRAL

BEAUVAIS CATHEDRAL

Back to start

Gothic sculpture

Gargoyles on the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris

Cathedral Gargoyles

St. Sernin 1010, St. Etienne1067, Chartres 1194(E. Romanesque) (L. Romanesque)

British Gothic• The distinctive characteristic of English

cathedrals is their extreme length and their internal emphasis upon the horizontal.

• It is not unusual for every part of the building to have been built in a different century and in a different style, with no attempt at creating a stylistic unity.

• English cathedrals sprawl across their sites, with double transepts projecting strongly and Lady Chapels tacked on at a later date.

• In the west front the doors are not significant • The West window is very large and never a rose,

which are reserved for the transept gables. • The west front may have two towers or none. • There is nearly always a tower at the crossing and

it may be very large and surmounted by a spire. • The distinctive English east end is square.

Italian Gothic• It uses polychrome decoration, both externally as

marble veneer on the brick facade and also internally where the arches are often made of alternating black and white segments.

• The plan is usually regular and symmetrical and have few and widely spaced columns.

• The proportions are generally mathematically simple, based on the square, the arches are almost always equilateral.

• It may include mosaics in the lunettes over the doors.

• The facades have projecting open porches and occular or wheel windows rather than roses, and do not usually have a tower.

• The crossing is usually surmounted by a dome.• There is often a free-standing tower and baptistry.• The windows are not as large as in northern

Europe and, although stained glass windows are used, the decoration is fresco or mosaic.

Orvieto, 1310; Miniato al Monte1062; Pisa cathedral 1063

German Gothic• It is characterised by huge towers and

spires.• The west front generally follows the

French formula, but the towers are taller, and if complete, are surmounted by enormous openwork spires.

• The eastern end follows the French form.

• The distinctive character of the interior of German Gothic cathedrals is their breadth and openness.

• Cathedrals tend not to have strongly projecting transepts.

• There are also many hallenkirke without clerestorey windows.

Spanish Gothic• Spanish Gothic cathedrals are of spacial

complexity.• They are comparatively short and wide, and

are often completely surrounded by chapels. • Spanish Cathedrals are stylistically diverse. • Influences on both decoration and form are

Islamic architecture, and towards the end of the period, Renaissance details combined with the Gothic in a distinctive manner.

• The West front resembles a French west front,

• There are spires of German style. • Few pinnacles. • There are often towers and domes of a great

variety of shapes and structural invention rising above the roof.

DUOMO MILAN

Gothic “Filigree” Closeups

Fan Vault

GUNPOWDER PROOF?

BATTERING RAM

BOW

castles

VLAD’S CASTLE

HIMEJI CASTLE JAPAN

HLUBOKA - CHATEAU - CZECH REPUBLIC

CHINON

Neuwanstein castle

Civilian Architecture

Town halls were the residence of the city’s government

There are two kind of models: Northern (Netherlands) : very decorated, with ogee and

lancet arches Southern (Italian): closer, sometimes as a fortress

Leuven

Siena

Civilian Architecture

Palaces were the residences of the nobility They lose their defensive character

81Figure 18-27 Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Netherlands, begun

1230. Figure 18-28 House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France, 1443–1451.

Guild Hall – New Class of Wealthy Merchants - French

Civilian Architecture

Its development is consequence of trade renaissance development of cities government

Main buildings are Palaces Town halls Markets

Civilian Architecture

Markets were the places for keeping the products and to sell them

They have big rooms with this purpose

The spaces are clear, with high and stylised columns

Urban culture

Town hall, Siena, Italy

Urban culture

The Lonja, Valencia

The birth of universities

University of Cambridge